COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE GAS PHASE OF AEROSOL OF CIGARETTES AND HEATED TOBACCO STICKS FOR ELECTRIC TOBACCO HEATING SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Н. МЕДВЕДЕВА ◽  
Т.А. ПЕРЕЖОГИНА ◽  
Е.В. ГНУЧИХ
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Heating Systems

Представлены результаты анализа содержания монооксида углерода, бензола, 1,3-бутадиена в газовой фазе аэрозоля (ГФА) образцов нагреваемых табачных палочек (стики) для электрических систем нагревания табака, пяти марок коммерческих сигарет, контрольной сигареты 3R4F с помощью тестирования на курительной машине в стандартном режиме прокуривания ISO и интенсивном ISO Intense. Установлено значительное снижение содержания монооксида углерода, бензола и 1,3-бутадиена в аэрозоле образцов стиков по режиму ISO Intense и ISO. Количество образующегося монооксида углерода в ГФА образцов стиков составляет 2% от его содержания в ГФА образца контрольных сигарет 3R4F, что подтверждает отсутствие процессов термического разложения (пиролиза) табака. Определено, что в ГФА образцов стиков содержится значительно меньше вредных и потенциально опасных соединений. Установлено снижение содержания бензола и 1,3-бутадиена более чем на 99% по сравнению с контрольным образцом 3R4F и пятью образцами популярных в России марок сигарет. The results of the analysis of the content of carbon monoxide, benzene, 1,3-butadiene in the aerosol gas phase (AGPh) of heated tobacco sticks for electric tobacco heating systems, five brands of commercial cigarettes, 3R4F control cigarette using testing on a Smoking machine in standard ISO smoking mode and ISO Intense are presented. A significant decrease in the content of carbon monoxide, benzene and 1,3-butadiene in stick aerosols according to the ISO Intense and ISO modes was found. The amount of carbon monoxide produced in the effluent AGPh is 2% of its content in the AGPh of 3R4F control cigarettes, which confirms the absence of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of tobacco. It was determined that the AGPh of verses contains significantly fewer harmful and potentially dangerous compounds. A decrease in the content of benzene and 1,3-butadiene was found by more than 99% compared to the control sample of 3R4F cigarettes and five brands of cigarettes popular in Russia.

The gas-phase photochemistry and thermal decomposition of glyoxylic acid

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Back ◽  
S. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Singlet State ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Static System ◽  
First Order ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Formation

The photolysis of glyoxylic acid vapour has been studied at five wavelengths, 382, 366, 346, 275, and 239 nm, and pressures from about 1 to 6 Torr, at a temperature of 355 K. Major products were CO2 and CH2O, initially formed in almost equal amounts, while minor products were CO and H2. Except at 382 nm, the system was complicated by the rapid secondary photolysis of CH2O. Three primary processes are suggested, each involving internal H-atom transfer followed by dissociation.The absorption spectrum is reported and shows the three distinct absorption systems. A finely-structured spectrum from about 320 to 400 nm is attributed to a transition to the first excited π* ← n+ singlet state; a more diffuse absorption ranging from about 290 nm to a maximum at 239 nm is assigned to the π* ← n− state, while a much stronger absorption beginning below 230 nm is attributed to the π* ← π transition. Product ratios vary with wavelength and depend on which excited state is involved.The thermal decomposition was studied briefly in a static system at temperatures from 470 to 710 K and pressures from 0.4 to 8 Torr. Major products were again CO2 and CH2O, but the latter was always less than stoichiometric. First-order rate constants for the apparently homogeneous formation of CO2 are described by Arrhenius parameters log A (s−1) = 7.80 and E = 30.8 kcal/mol. Carbon monoxide and H2 were minor products, and the CO/CO2 ratio increased with increasing temperature and showed some surface enhancement at lower temperatures. The SF6-sensitized thermal decomposition of glyoxylic acid, induced by a pulsed CO2 laser, was briefly studied, with temperatures estimated to be in the 1100–1600 K range, and the CO/CO2 ratio increased with increasing temperature, continuing the trend observed in the static system.

Theoretical Study of the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Thermal Decomposition of 3-Oxetanone in the Gas Phase

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khavani ◽  
Javad Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Transition States ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Kinetics And Mechanism ◽  
Methyl Radical ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Concerted Mechanism

The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition reaction of 3-oxetanone in the gas phase were studied using quantum chemical calculations. The major products of this reaction are formaldehyde, ketene, carbon monoxide, ethylene oxide, ethylene and methyl radical. Formaldehyde, ketene, carbon monoxide and ethylene oxide are the initial decomposition products and other species are the products of ethylene oxide decomposition. The results of B3LYP and QCISD(T) calculations reveal that thermal decomposition of 3-oxetanone to ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide is more probable than to formaldehyde and ketene from an energy viewpoint. Moreover, quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analysis indicate that 3-oxetanone decomposition to formaldehyde, ketene, carbon monoxide and ethylene occurs via a concerted mechanism and bonds that are involved in the transition states have a covalent character. Moreover, the calculated changes in bond lengths in the transition states reveal that bond breaking and new bond formation occur asynchronously in a concerted mechanism.

The reaction of methanol vapour with silver(I) oxide

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
JA Allen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Collision Model ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Methanol Vapour ◽  
The Mean

The reaction of methanol with silver(I) oxide has been studied in the temperature range 56.5-78.4�. For complete reduction of the oxide at 78.4�, the available oxygen is fully accounted for by the products, formaldehyde, formic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. In the temperature range 56.5-70.2� the net measured rates of formation of these products are expressed by equations of the form, ������������������ rate = Aexp(-E/RT), and the kinetic data are interpreted as the consecutive formation of the products on the surface without complete desorption to the gas phase between each step. For the dominant product, carbon dioxide, at the mean temperature the values of A and E are 1028.5 μg oxygen per minute and 41.3 kcal mole-1 respectively. The former is interpreted in terms of a simple collision model and the latter compared with values obtained for the thermal decomposition of the oxide.

scholarly journals Research of aerosol gas phase of electronic nicotine delivery systems of different types

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
S. N. Medvedeva ◽  
T. A. Perezhogina ◽  
I. M. Eremina ◽  
D. K. Glukhov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Health Organization

The study of the gas phase of aerosol produced by electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) consists of assessing the content of carbon monoxide, which is included in the World Health Organization list of nine priority toxic substances. The article presents the results of determining the content of carbon monoxide (CO) in the gas phase of aerosol of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) with various design features obtained by collecting aerosol on a Cerulean SM 450 smoking machine according to ISO 20768 and in ISO 20768 experimental mode. Carbon monoxide content in the gas phase aerosol of electronic nicotine delivery systems of various designs has been compared. It has been found that the gas phase of the aerosol produced by the LogicPro devices contains trace amounts of CO, which is associated with the stable operation of devices with a relatively low power and temperature during aerosol generation and ranges from 0,007 to 0,05 mg / puff. The results on the production of CO by «eGo AIO» devices have shown that when using them, the CO content is from 0,18 to 1,18 mg per puff, obtained according to ISO 20768exp., which can cause more harm than smoking regular cigarettes, since according to the mandatory the requirements of Chapter 5 of CU TR 035/2014, the content of carbon monoxide in the smoke of one filter cigarette cannot exceed 10 mg per cigarette. The lack of standardized methods for collecting aerosol of nicotine-containing products, established technical requirements and standards for the content of toxic substances, a methodological basis for monitoring the composition of substances released during the operation of nicotine-containing products, as well as the content of CO in aerosols of ENDS of various designs, is an undoubted risk for consumers. It is necessary to develop and implement a system for technical regulation of nicotine-containing products and standardization of toxic substances in the aerosol of these products.

CARBON MONOXIDE CONTENT IN THE AEROSOL GAS PHASE OF ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF VARIOUS DESIGNS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Н. МЕДВЕДЕВА ◽  
Т.А. ПЕРЕЖОГИНА ◽  
Т.И. ПОКРОВСКАЯ ◽  
И.И. ГАЛИЧ
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Content

Представлены результаты анализа содержания монооксида углерода СО в газовой фазе аэрозоля (ГФА) электронных систем доставки никотина (ЭСДН) различных конструкций. Сбор аэрозоля проведен на курительной машине Cerulean SM450 по методу CRM № 81 и CRM № 81экс. Новизна исследований ГФА ЭСДН состоит в количественной оценке содержания СО, включенного в список девяти приоритетных токсичных веществ ВОЗ. Установлено, что в ГФА, продуцируемой устройствами Luxlite и Von Erl My, содержатся следовые количества СО, что связано с относительно низкой мощностью устройств и температурой при генерировании ГФА. Анализ устройств iKuu i200 показал образование СО от 0,04 до 12,4 мг/зат. Отсутствие нормирования максимально допустимого уровня содержания СО в аэрозоле ЭСДН различных конструкций, методической базы для контроля состава веществ, выделяемых в процессе их эксплуатации, является несомненным риском для потребителей, что требует разработки и внедрения системы технического регулирования никотинсодержащей продукции. The results of the analysis of the content of carbon monoxide CO in the aerosol gas phase (AGPh) of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) of various designs are presented. Aerosol collection was carried out on the Cerulean SM450 smoking machine according to the 2 methods: CRM № 81 and experimental CRM № 81exp. The novelty of the AGPh ENDS research is the quantitative assessment of the CO content included in the list of nine priority toxic substances of the WHO. It was found that AGPh produced by Luxlite and Von Erl My devices contains trace amounts of CO, which is due to the relatively low power of the devices and the temperature at which AGPh is generated. The analysis of the iKuu i200 devices showed the formation of CO from 0,04 to 12,4 milligram per puff. The lack of regulation the maximum permissible CO content in the aerosol ENDS different designs, methodological framework for the control of substances generated during their operation, is a definite risk to consumers, which requires the development and implementation of the system of technical regulation products containing nicotine.

Investigation of Adsorption Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Coniine: A DFT Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyamak Shahab ◽  
Masoome Sheikhi ◽  
Mehrnoosh Khaleghian ◽  
Marina Murashko ◽  
Mahin Ahmadianarog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Chemical Shift Tensors ◽  
Solvent Water ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Donor And Acceptor

: For the first time in the present study, the non-bonded interaction of the Coniine (C8H17N) with carbon monoxide (CO) was investigated by density functional theory (DFT/M062X/6-311+G*) in the gas phase and solvent water. The adsorption of the CO over C8H17N was affected on the electronic properties such as EHOMO, ELUMO, the energy gap between LUMO and HOMO, global hardness. Furthermore, chemical shift tensors and natural charge of the C8H17N and complex C8H17N/CO were determined and discussed. According to the natural bond orbital (NBO) results, the molecule C8H17N and CO play as both electron donor and acceptor at the complex C8H17N/CO in the gas phase and solvent water. On the other hand, the charge transfer is occurred between the bonding, antibonding or nonbonding orbitals in two molecules C8H17N and CO. We have also investigated the charge distribution for the complex C8H17N/CO by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) calculations using the M062X/6-311+G* level of theory. The electronic spectra of the C8H17N and complex C8H17N/CO were calculated by time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) for investigation of the maximum wavelength value of the C8H17N before and after the non-bonded interaction with the CO in the gas phase and solvent water. Therefore, C8H17N can be used as strong absorbers for air purification and reduce environmental pollution.

Synthesis of Sic Fine Particles by Gas-Phase Reaction Under Short-Time Microgravity

1992 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Okutani ◽  
Yoshinori Nakata ◽  
Masaakt Suzuki ◽  
Yves Maniette ◽  
Nobuyoshi Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Gas Phase Reaction ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACTSiC fine particles were synthesized by the gas-phase thermal decomposition of tetramethylsilane (Si(CH3)4) in hydrogen under microgravity of 10−4G for 10 sec. Rapid heating to the temperature over 800°C which is required for thermal decomposition of Si(CH3)4) under short-time microgravity was attained using a chemical oven where the heat of exothermic reaction of combustion synthesis of Ti-A1-4B composites was used as the heat source. Monodisperse and spherical SiC fine particles were synthesized under microgravity, whereas aggregates of SiC fine particles were synthesized under 1 G gravity. The SiC particles synthesized under microgravity (150-200 nm) were bigger in size and narrower in size distribution than those under 1 G gravity (100-150 nm).

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