scholarly journals Study of the Effective Factors on Air Pollution in Iran Cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Saeede Safari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Per Capita

Nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned in to one of the serious challenges in urban management. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the most principal factors in the environmental pollution, the world efforts are concentrated to reduce it due to its devastating effects on climatic change and global warming. In the current research, the effective factors on air pollution in Iranian cities were studied, considering CO2 emission level as the pollution index in the period 1993-2013 and for analyze effective factors, econometrics models were applied. The research findings demonstrated, with increase per capita income and Urbanization rate, air pollution, has been increased. Also Study of the effective factors on cities air pollution in Iran showed that per capita oil and natural gas products consumptions have a significant positive effect on CO2 emission while per capita natural gas consumption had a more important effect (4.04% compared to 3.4%). Therefore, important sources of energy in Iran, which oil and natural gas products, were found as the most dominant factors in air pollution. Thus, the necessity of current energy carriers’ replacement by clean energy sources as solar energy and geothermal energy is emphasized.

scholarly journals Study of the Effective Factors on Air Pollution in Iran Cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeede Safari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Per Capita

Nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned in to one of the serious challenges in urban management. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the most principal factors in the environmental pollution, the world efforts are concentrated to reduce it due to its devastating effects on climatic change and global warming. In the current research, the effective factors on air pollution in Iranian cities were studied, considering CO2 emission level as the pollution index in the period 1993-2013 and for analyze effective factors, econometrics models were applied. The research findings demonstrated, with increase per capita income and Urbanization rate, air pollution, has been increased. Also Study of the effective factors on cities air pollution in Iran showed that per capita oil and natural gas products consumptions have a significant positive effect on CO2 emission while per capita natural gas consumption had a more important effect (4.04% compared to 3.4%). Therefore, important sources of energy in Iran, which oil and natural gas products, were found as the most dominant factors in air pollution. Thus, the necessity of current energy carriers’ replacement by clean energy sources as solar energy and geothermal energy is emphasized.

scholarly journals Study of the Effective Factors on Air Pollution in Iran Cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Saeede Safari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Per Capita

Nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned in to one of the serious challenges in urban management. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the most principal factors in the environmental pollution, the world efforts are concentrated to reduce it due to its devastating effects on climatic change and global warming. In the current research, the effective factors on air pollution in Iranian cities were studied, considering CO2 emission level as the pollution index in the period 1993-2013 and for analyze effective factors, econometrics models were applied. The research findings demonstrated, with increase per capita income and Urbanization rate, air pollution, has been increased. Also Study of the effective factors on cities air pollution in Iran showed that per capita oil and natural gas products consumptions have a significant positive effect on CO2 emission while per capita natural gas consumption had a more important effect (4.04% compared to 3.4%). Therefore, important sources of energy in Iran, which oil and natural gas products, were found as the most dominant factors in air pollution. Thus, the necessity of current energy carriers’ replacement by clean energy sources as solar energy and geothermal energy is emphasized.

scholarly journals Study of the Effective Factors on Air Pollution in Iran Cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Saeede Safari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Per Capita

Nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned in to one of the serious challenges in urban management. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the most principal factors in the environmental pollution, the world efforts are concentrated to reduce it due to its devastating effects on climatic change and global warming. In the current research, the effective factors on air pollution in Iranian cities were studied, considering CO2 emission level as the pollution index in the period 1993-2013 and for analyze effective factors, econometrics models were applied. The research findings demonstrated, with increase per capita income and Urbanization rate, air pollution, has been increased. Also Study of the effective factors on cities air pollution in Iran showed that per capita oil and natural gas products consumptions have a significant positive effect on CO2 emission while per capita natural gas consumption had a more important effect (4.04% compared to 3.4%). Therefore, important sources of energy in Iran, which oil and natural gas products, were found as the most dominant factors in air pollution. Thus, the necessity of current energy carriers’ replacement by clean energy sources as solar energy and geothermal energy is emphasized.

scholarly journals Is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Zhuo ◽  
Xu ◽  
Xu ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of many researchers, most of which have adopted traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression (QR), to analyze the issue. This paper, however, attempts to introduce Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and HCE, based on the longitudinal data of 30 provinces in China (2005–2016). It was found that carbon dioxide emission is, indeed, an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure in China, although its influence is not as great as the income variable. It was also revealed that the effect of carbon dioxide emission on HCE at a higher quantile was much smaller, which indicates that most people are not paying sufficient attention to the correlation between air pollution and healthcare. This study also proves the applicability of Bayesian quantile regression and its ability to offer more valuable information, as compared to traditional empirical tools, thus expanding and deepening research capabilities on the topic.

scholarly journals Survey on the indexes of health equity in the physical environment and infrastructures of Kermanshah province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyla Reshadat ◽  
Shahram Saeidi ◽  
Alireza Zangeneh ◽  
Ali Almasi ◽  
Samira Rahimi Naderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background Health equity is directly associated with the proper distribution of resources, the existence of infrastructures, and the balanced physical environment. The present study aimed to survey the indexes of health equity in the physical environment and infrastructures of Kermanshah province based on the national indexes. Results The results revealed that access to transportation, health centers, solid waste management, and green and sports per capita had the least distance from the negative ideal whereas the noise pollution index had the greatest distance. However, house hygiene and air pollution indexes were within the negative and positive ideal ranges. Conclusions The health equity indexes were not distributed equitably across counties and geographical regions of Kermanshah province.

scholarly journals Environmental and Efficiency Analysis of Simulated Application of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Co-Generation System in a Dormitory Building

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chang ◽  
In-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Annual Amount

The problem of air pollution in Korea has become progressively more serious in recent years. Since electricity is advertised as clean energy, some newly developed buildings in Korea are using only electricity for all energy needs. In this research, the annual amount of air pollution attributable to energy under the traditional method in a dormitory building, which is supplying both natural gas and electricity to the building, was compared with the annual amount of air pollution attributable to supplying only electricity. The results showed that the building using only electricity emits much more air pollution than the building using electricity and natural gas together. Under the traditional method of energy supply, a residential solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration system (SOFC–CGS) for minimizing environmental pollution of the building was simulated. Furthermore, as a high load factor could lead to high efficiency of the SOFC–CGS, sharing of the SOFC–CGS by multi-households could increase its efficiency. Finally, the environmental pollution from using one system in one household was compared with that from sharing one system by multi-households. The results showed that the environmental pollution from sharing the system was relatively higher but still similar to that when using one system in one household.

scholarly journals Natural gas shortages during the “coal-to-gas” transition in China have caused a large redistribution of air pollution in winter 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Wang ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
Chuchu Chen ◽  
Wei Tao ◽  
David Streets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Coal Consumption

<p>Improving air quality is an important driving force for China’s move toward clean energy. Since 2017, the “coal-to-gas” and “coal-to-electricity” strategies have been extensively implemented in northern China, aiming at reducing dispersed coal consumption and related air pollution by promoting the use of clean and low-carbon fuels. Our analyses show that on top of meteorological influences, the effective emission mitigation measures achieved an average decrease of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) concentrations of ∼14% in Beijing and surrounding areas (the “2+26” pilot cities) in winter 2017 compared to the same period of 2016, where the dispersed coal control measures contributed ∼60% of the total PM<sub>2.5</sub> reductions. However, the localized air quality improvement was accompanied by a contemporaneous ∼15% upsurge of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations over large areas in southern China. We find that the pollution transfer that resulted from a shift in emissions was of a high likelihood caused by a natural gas shortage in the south due to the coal-to-gas transition in the north. The overall shortage of natural gas greatly jeopardized the air quality benefits of the coal-to-gas strategy in winter 2017 and reflects structural challenges and potential threats in China’s clean-energy transition. Our finding highlights the importance and necessity of synergy between environmental and energy policymaking to address the grand challenge of an actionable future to achieve the cobenefits of air quality, human health, and climate.</p>

scholarly journals Natural gas shortages during the “coal-to-gas” transition in China have caused a large redistribution of air pollution in winter 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (49) ◽  
pp. 31018-31025
Author(s):  
Siwen Wang ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
Chuchu Chen ◽  
Wei Tao ◽  
David G. Streets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Coal Consumption

The Chinese “coal-to-gas” and “coal-to-electricity” strategies aim at reducing dispersed coal consumption and related air pollution by promoting the use of clean and low-carbon fuels in northern China. Here, we show that on top of meteorological influences, the effective emission mitigation measures achieved an average decrease of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations of ∼14% in Beijing and surrounding areas (the “2+26” pilot cities) in winter 2017 compared to the same period of 2016, where the dispersed coal control measures contributed ∼60% of the total PM2.5reductions. However, the localized air quality improvement was accompanied by a contemporaneous ∼15% upsurge of PM2.5concentrations over large areas in southern China. We find that the pollution transfer that resulted from a shift in emissions was of a high likelihood caused by a natural gas shortage in the south due to the coal-to-gas transition in the north. The overall shortage of natural gas greatly jeopardized the air quality benefits of the coal-to-gas strategy in winter 2017 and reflects structural challenges and potential threats in China’s clean-energy transition.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Qatar

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaila Ghuloum ◽  
Mohammed A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Per Capita

The State of Qatar is a peninsula overlooking the Arabian Gulf, with an area of 11400 km2. The Al Thani family has ruled the country since the mid-1800s. The population of just over 860000 is of a multi-ethnic nature, and predominantly resides in the capital, Doha. Only about 20% of the population is Qatari. Around 73% of the population are between the ages of 15 and 64 years. Life expectancy at birth is 74.8 years for males and 73.8 years for females. The literacy rate is 94.9% for men and 82.3% for women. Arabic is the official language and English is a common second language. The economy is dominated by oil and natural gas, and the country has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. The per capita government expenditure on health is $574 (international dollars), which is among the highest in the region.

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