Distance decay gradients in hazardous air pollution concentrations around oil and natural gas facilities in the city of Los Angeles: A pilot study

The gases comprising the atmosphere are in dynamic balance both with the oceans and the dry land of the continents. The mechanisms which operate to keep the atmospheric content of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and sulphur constant are now well defined. The capacity of the system to absorb excess gaseous impurities is adequate on a global basis with the exception of carbon dioxide.Air pollution is thus a local problem resulting from the overloading of a particular air space with contaminants. The greater part of air pollution is due to the combustion of fossil fuels. Ease of control and virtual freedom from sulphur give natural gas an advantage over liquid and solid fuels as far as air pollution control is concerned. Oxides of nitrogen are produced when natural gas is burned but in smaller quantities than in the combustion of other fuels. In high capacity industrial gas burners where oxides of nitrogen may be generated in large quantities control is easier and can achieve a lower level of oxides of nitrogen than is the case with other fuels.The large scale use of natural gas to solve the air pollution problems of Pittsburgh, Los Angeles and many other cities is proof of the usefulness of gas in this respect. Specialised applications include use in incinerators and industrial after burners. Advances in removal of impurities from fuels and of air pollutants from products of combustion combined with rising gas prices will in time displace gas from its preeminent position in air pollution control. It is, however, likely to retain its advantage in small installations and in dense urban areas. In public and private transport its use will probably remain limited.While technological developments in the distant future may eventually displace fossil fuels, gas will have a large share of the fuel market until that day comes and will contribute effectively to the control of air pollution.

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Predicting traffic-related air pollution in Los Angeles using a distance decay regression selection strategy

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2009.06.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 109 (6) ◽

pp. 657-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Jason G. Su ◽

Michael Jerrett ◽

Bernardo Beckerman ◽

Michelle Wilhelm ◽

Jo Kay Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Distance Decay ◽

Selection Strategy

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Study of the Effective Factors on Air Pollution in Iran Cities

European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.26417/ejis.v2i3.p63-72 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Saeede Safari

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Effective Factors ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

Gas Products ◽

Per Capita

Nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned in to one of the serious challenges in urban management. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the most principal factors in the environmental pollution, the world efforts are concentrated to reduce it due to its devastating effects on climatic change and global warming. In the current research, the effective factors on air pollution in Iranian cities were studied, considering CO2 emission level as the pollution index in the period 1993-2013 and for analyze effective factors, econometrics models were applied. The research findings demonstrated, with increase per capita income and Urbanization rate, air pollution, has been increased. Also Study of the effective factors on cities air pollution in Iran showed that per capita oil and natural gas products consumptions have a significant positive effect on CO2 emission while per capita natural gas consumption had a more important effect (4.04% compared to 3.4%). Therefore, important sources of energy in Iran, which oil and natural gas products, were found as the most dominant factors in air pollution. Thus, the necessity of current energy carriers’ replacement by clean energy sources as solar energy and geothermal energy is emphasized.

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Study of the Effective Factors on Air Pollution in Iran Cities

European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.26417/ejis.v5i1.p63-72 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saeede Safari

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Effective Factors ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

Gas Products ◽

Per Capita

Nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned in to one of the serious challenges in urban management. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the most principal factors in the environmental pollution, the world efforts are concentrated to reduce it due to its devastating effects on climatic change and global warming. In the current research, the effective factors on air pollution in Iranian cities were studied, considering CO2 emission level as the pollution index in the period 1993-2013 and for analyze effective factors, econometrics models were applied. The research findings demonstrated, with increase per capita income and Urbanization rate, air pollution, has been increased. Also Study of the effective factors on cities air pollution in Iran showed that per capita oil and natural gas products consumptions have a significant positive effect on CO2 emission while per capita natural gas consumption had a more important effect (4.04% compared to 3.4%). Therefore, important sources of energy in Iran, which oil and natural gas products, were found as the most dominant factors in air pollution. Thus, the necessity of current energy carriers’ replacement by clean energy sources as solar energy and geothermal energy is emphasized.

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The Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution Concentrations and Lockdowns on Covid-19 Infections in Wuhan and Other Provincial Capitals in China

10.20944/preprints202003.0364.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yang Han ◽

Jacqueline CK Lam ◽

Victor OK Li ◽

Peiyang Guo ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The City ◽

Pollution Concentrations

Background: Covid-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China in Dec 2019. Since then, it has been transmitted rapidly in China and the rest of the world. While Covid-19 transmission rate has been declining in China, it is increasing exponentially in Europe and America. Although there are numerous studies examining Covid-19 infection, including an archived paper looking into the meteorological effect, the role of outdoor air pollution has yet to be explored rigorously. It has been shown that air pollution will weaken the immune system, and increase the rate of respiratory virus infection. We postulate that outdoor air pollution concentrations will have a negative effect on Covid-19 infections in China, whilst lockdowns, characterized by strong social distancing and home isolation measures, will help to moderate such negative effect. Methods: We will collect the number of daily confirmed Covid-19 cases in 31 provincial capital cities in China during the period of 1 Dec 2019 to 20 Mar 2020 (from a popular Chinese online platform which aggregates all cases reported by the Chinese national/provincial health authorities). We will also collect daily air pollution and meteorology data at the city-level (from the Chinese National Environmental Monitoring Center and the US National Climatic Data Center), daily inter-city migration flows and intra-city movements (from Baidu). City-level demographics including age distribution and gender, education, and median household income can be obtained from the statistical yearbooks. City-level co-morbidity indicators including rates of chronic disease and co-infection can be obtained from related research articles. A regression model is developed to model the relationship between the infection rate of Covid-19 (number of confirmed cases/population at the city level) and outdoor air pollution at the city level, after taking into account confounding factors such as meteorology, inter- and intra-city movements, demographics, and co-morbidity and co-infection rates. In particular, we shall study how air pollution affects infection rates across different cities, including Wuhan. Our model will also study air pollution would affect infection rates in Wuhan before and after the lockdown. Expected findings: We expect there be a correlation between Covid-19 infection rate and outdoor air pollution. We also expect that reduced intra-city movement after the lockdowns in Wuhan and the rest of China will play an important role in reducing the infection rate. Interpretation: Infection rate is growing exponentially in major cities worldwide. We expect Covid-19 infection rate is related to the air pollution concentration, and is strongly dependent on inter- and intra-city movements. To reduce the infection rate, the international community may deploy effective air pollution reduction plans and social distancing policies.

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Implementasi Pasal 53 Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi Terkait Pelaku Usaha Pertamini di Kota Denpasar

Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum ◽

10.22225/jkh.2.2.3268.429-433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 429-433

Author(s):

Ferdy Pradana ◽

I Nyoman Putu Budiartha ◽

I Wayan Arthanaya

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Implementation Process ◽

Legal Basis ◽

Legal Sanctions ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

The Government ◽

Data Collection Technique ◽

First Time ◽

The City

Petroleum as a strategic natural resource contained in the Indonesian mining jurisdiction is and has become a national asset that has been controlled by the State. This study aims to explain the legal sanctions for first business actors who trade oil and gas without having a business license to distribute oil and gas and describe the implementation process of the government's prohibition against first business actors in Denpasar. This research uses empirical legal research. The data collection technique was carried out through interviews. The data sources used are primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the regulation regarding legal sanctions for first-time business actors who do not have a license to distribute oil and natural gas has been regulated in Article 53 of Law Number 22 Year 2001 concerning oil and natural gas regarding processing, transportation, storage and commerce. However, with the complexity of business activities today, this regulation has not been able to reach and accommodate the current first developments. The application of the government's prohibition against first business actors in the city of Denpasar is still very contrary to the practice in the field. Only one owner only uses a micro and small business license (IUMK). Apart from that, the government has not been able to take action because there is no legal basis for controlling

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Study of the Effective Factors on Air Pollution in Iran Cities

European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.26417/ejis.v2i3-63-72 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Saeede Safari

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Effective Factors ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

Gas Products ◽

Per Capita

Nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned in to one of the serious challenges in urban management. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the most principal factors in the environmental pollution, the world efforts are concentrated to reduce it due to its devastating effects on climatic change and global warming. In the current research, the effective factors on air pollution in Iranian cities were studied, considering CO2 emission level as the pollution index in the period 1993-2013 and for analyze effective factors, econometrics models were applied. The research findings demonstrated, with increase per capita income and Urbanization rate, air pollution, has been increased. Also Study of the effective factors on cities air pollution in Iran showed that per capita oil and natural gas products consumptions have a significant positive effect on CO2 emission while per capita natural gas consumption had a more important effect (4.04% compared to 3.4%). Therefore, important sources of energy in Iran, which oil and natural gas products, were found as the most dominant factors in air pollution. Thus, the necessity of current energy carriers’ replacement by clean energy sources as solar energy and geothermal energy is emphasized.

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Spatio-Temporal Modelling of the Change of Residential-Induced PM10 Pollution through Substitution of Coal with Natural Gas in Domestic Heating

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131910870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 10870

Author(s):

Muzeyyen Anil Senyel Kurkcuoglu ◽

Beyda Nur Zengin

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Energy Distribution ◽

Distribution Network ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Residential Heating ◽

Urban Energy ◽

The City

Air pollution has been one of the most critical urban problems. Urban energy networks are among the major sources of air pollution, particularly in highly populated urban areas. Residential heating, which is the primary cause of particulate matter (PM) emissions, contributes to the problem through the use of low-quality fuels, such as coal. Natural gas, although a fossil fuel, is a modern, relatively clean, and more efficient alternative in residential energy use, which helps to reduce particulate matter emissions. Coal was widely used in residential heating in İzmir, Turkey, whereas natural gas is a relatively new alternative which started to be used domestically in 2006. Switching from coal and other highly polluting fossil fuels to natural gas in urban energy distribution network has contributed to the alleviation of air pollution in the city in the past decade. Spatiotemporal analyses of the PM10 concentrations, and their relation to the natural gas investments, have been conducted in geographical information systems (GIS). The spatial distribution of the change in PM10 levels has been modeled with ordinary kriging for the 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 winter seasons. Interpolated PM10 surfaces show that there is a significant decrease in the emissions throughout the city in the overall, while the highest levels of decrease are observed in the southern part of the city. Overlaying the interpolated PM10 surfaces and the natural gas pipeline investments enables the demonstration of the mutual relationship between the change in emission levels and the energy distribution network. Indeed, the spatial distribution of the pollution concentrations appears to be parallel to the natural gas investments. The pipeline investments were intensive during the 2010–2018 period in the southern districts when compared the rest of the city. The use of natural gas in residential heating contributed to the decrease in PM10 emissions.

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