Efficient reversible quantum design of sig-magnitude to two's complement converters

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9&10) ◽  
pp. 747-765
Author(s):  
F. Orts ◽  
G. Ortega ◽  
E.M. E.M. Garzon
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Binary Number ◽  
Quantum Cost ◽  
The One

Despite the great interest that the scientific community has in quantum computing, the scarcity and high cost of resources prevent to advance in this field. Specifically, qubits are very expensive to build, causing the few available quantum computers are tremendously limited in their number of qubits and delaying their progress. This work presents new reversible circuits that optimize the necessary resources for the conversion of a sign binary number into two's complement of N digits. The benefits of our work are two: on the one hand, the proposed two's complement converters are fault tolerant circuits and also are more efficient in terms of resources (essentially, quantum cost, number of qubits, and T-count) than the described in the literature. On the other hand, valuable information about available converters and, what is more, quantum adders, is summarized in tables for interested researchers. The converters have been measured using robust metrics and have been compared with the state-of-the-art circuits. The code to build them in a real quantum computer is given.

scholarly journals Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond

Quantum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Preskill
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Quantum Circuits ◽  
Quantum Gates ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Near Future

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology will be available in the near future. Quantum computers with 50-100 qubits may be able to perform tasks which surpass the capabilities of today's classical digital computers, but noise in quantum gates will limit the size of quantum circuits that can be executed reliably. NISQ devices will be useful tools for exploring many-body quantum physics, and may have other useful applications, but the 100-qubit quantum computer will not change the world right away - we should regard it as a significant step toward the more powerful quantum technologies of the future. Quantum technologists should continue to strive for more accurate quantum gates and, eventually, fully fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Bounds on the quantity of entanglement in parallel quantum computing of a single ensemble quantum computer

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
M. Ávila Aoki ◽  
Guo Hua Sun ◽  
Shi Hai Dong
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Parallel Mode

Speeding up of the processing of quantum algorithms has been focused on from the point of view of an ensemble quantum computer (EQC) working in a parallel mode. As a consequence of such efforts, additional speed up has been achieved for processing both Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms. On the other hand, in the literature there is scarce concern about the quantity of entanglement contained in EQC approaches, for this reason in the present work we study such a quantity. As a first result, an upper bound on the quantity of entanglement contained in EQC is imposed. As a main result we prove that equally weighted states are not appropriate for EQC working in parallel mode. In order that our results are not exclusively purely theoretical, we exemplify the situation by discussing the entanglement on an ensemble of n1 = 3 diamond quantum computers.

scholarly journals Extraction of causal relations based on SBEL and BERT model

Database ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Shao ◽  
Haoru Li ◽  
Jinghang Gu ◽  
Longhua Qian ◽  
Guodong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biomedical Text ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Biomedical Text Mining ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Extraction of causal relations between biomedical entities in the form of Biological Expression Language (BEL) poses a new challenge to the community of biomedical text mining due to the complexity of BEL statements. We propose a simplified form of BEL statements [Simplified Biological Expression Language (SBEL)] to facilitate BEL extraction and employ BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers) to improve the performance of causal relation extraction (RE). On the one hand, BEL statement extraction is transformed into the extraction of an intermediate form—SBEL statement, which is then further decomposed into two subtasks: entity RE and entity function detection. On the other hand, we use a powerful pretrained BERT model to both extract entity relations and detect entity functions, aiming to improve the performance of two subtasks. Entity relations and functions are then combined into SBEL statements and finally merged into BEL statements. Experimental results on the BioCreative-V Track 4 corpus demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance in BEL statement extraction with F1 scores of 54.8% in Stage 2 evaluation and of 30.1% in Stage 1 evaluation, respectively. Database URL: https://github.com/grapeff/SBEL_datasets

THE APPLICATION OF PETRI NETS TO WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. P. VAN DER AALST
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The One

Workflow management promises a new solution to an age-old problem: controlling, monitoring, optimizing and supporting business processes. What is new about workflow management is the explicit representation of the business process logic which allows for computerized support. This paper discusses the use of Petri nets in the context of workflow management. Petri nets are an established tool for modeling and analyzing processes. On the one hand, Petri nets can be used as a design language for the specification of complex workflows. On the other hand, Petri net theory provides for powerful analysis techniques which can be used to verify the correctness of workflow procedures. This paper introduces workflow management as an application domain for Petri nets, presents state-of-the-art results with respect to the verification of workflows, and highlights some Petri-net-based workflow tools.

Scenarios as Tools of the Scientific Imagination: The Case of Climate Projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
Michael Poznic ◽  
Rafaela Hillerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Imagination

Climatologists have recently introduced a distinction between projections as scenario-based model results on the one hand and predictions on the other hand. The interpretation and usage of both terms is, however, not univocal. It is stated that the ambiguities of the interpretations may cause problems in the communication of climate science within the scientific community and to the public realm. This paper suggests an account of scenarios as props in games of make-belive. With this account, we explain the difference between projections that should be make-believed and other model results that should be believed.

The Realization of New Computing Model and System Research Related to Quantum Computer

2014 ◽  
Vol 1078 ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Information Coding ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Mechanics Model ◽  
Electronic Spin ◽  
Classical Computer

The ultimate goal of quantum calculation is to build high performance practical quantum computers. With quantum mechanics model of computer information coding and computational principle, it is proved in theory to be able to simulate the classical computer is currently completely, and with more classical computer, quantum computation is one of the most popular fields in physics research in recent ten years, has formed a set of quantum physics, mathematics. This paper to electronic spin doped fullerene quantum aided calculation scheme, we through the comprehensive use of logic based network and based on the overall control of the two kinds of quantum computing model, solve the addressing problem of nuclear spin, avoids the technical difficulties of pre-existing. We expect the final realization of the quantum computer will depend on the integrated use of in a variety of quantum computing model and physical realization system, and our primary work shows this feature..

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

scholarly journals A silicon-based surface code quantum computer

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe O’Gorman ◽  
Naomi H Nickerson ◽  
Philipp Ross ◽  
John JL Morton ◽  
Simon C Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Impurity Atoms ◽  
Dipole Interactions ◽  
Total Phase ◽  
Surface Code ◽  
Silicon Based

Abstract Individual impurity atoms in silicon can make superb individual qubits, but it remains an immense challenge to build a multi-qubit processor: there is a basic conflict between nanometre separation desired for qubit–qubit interactions and the much larger scales that would enable control and addressing in a manufacturable and fault-tolerant architecture. Here we resolve this conflict by establishing the feasibility of surface code quantum computing using solid-state spins, or ‘data qubits’, that are widely separated from one another. We use a second set of ‘probe’ spins that are mechanically separate from the data qubits and move in and out of their proximity. The spin dipole–dipole interactions give rise to phase shifts; measuring a probe’s total phase reveals the collective parity of the data qubits along the probe’s path. Using a protocol that balances the systematic errors due to imperfect device fabrication, our detailed simulations show that substantial misalignments can be handled within fault-tolerant operations. We conclude that this simple ‘orbital probe’ architecture overcomes many of the difficulties facing solid-state quantum computing, while minimising the complexity and offering qubit densities that are several orders of magnitude greater than other systems.

Comparative Study of Graphic Representation Methods on Architectural Heritage

2015 ◽  
pp. 182-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Teodoro Garfella ◽  
María Jesús Máñez ◽  
Joaquín Ángel Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Documentation Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Architectural Survey

Today there are many publications or papers related with several graphic surveys of architectural heritage carried out using a variety of both traditional and cutting edge methods. Yet, the implementation of new graphical documentation systems, such as Automated Digital Photogrammetry, has introduced a fresh approach to dealing with architectural surveys by making them more accessible to the general public and, to a certain extent, increasing their usability (Garfella, Máñez, Cabeza, & Soler, 2014). The present study aims, on the one hand, to offer an overview of architectural survey systems and, on the other hand, to evaluate the differences in the degree of precision or accuracy between the latest state-of-the-art methods and the already well-established ones. This will enable us to examine the results obtained in this experiment to look for concordances and discrepancies between them that can be helpful when using such systems to deal with tasks in the future.

Requirement Specification and Conceptual Modeling for Data Warehouses

2009 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
The One ◽  
Integrate Data

Data warehouses (DWs) integrate data from different source systems in order to provide historical information that supports the decision-making process. The design of a DW is a complex and costly task since the inclusion of different data items in a DW depends on both users’ needs and data availability in source systems. Currently, there is still a lack of a methodological framework that guides developers through the different stages of the DW design process. On the one hand, there are several proposals that informally describe the phases used for developing DWs based on the authors’ experience in building such systems (Inmon, 2002; Kimball, Reeves, Ross, & Thornthwaite, 1998). On the other hand, the scientific community proposes a variety of approaches for developing DWs, discussed in the next section. Nevertheless, they either include features that are meant for the specific conceptual model used by the authors, or they are very complex. This situation has occurred since the need to build DW systems that fulfill user expectations was ahead of methodological and formal approaches for DW development, just like the one we had for operational databases.

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