scholarly journals Histological analysis of state of tissues in internal organs of black-backed shad Alosa kessleri kessleri

2017 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Maria P. Grushko ◽  
Nadezhda N. Fedorova ◽  
Alina A. Aitimova
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts

Internal organs of black-backed shad are examined by histological analysis. Wide range of pathologies is found, which are supposedly caused by chronic environmental pollution. The pathologies of tissue and cellular levels have common features but various symptoms, as edema, hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation, connective tissue proliferation, proliferative changes in the epithelium. The gills, liver; kidney, and intestines are the most sensitive to negative impacts of environments.

Histology of the vertebral artery–dural junction: relevance to posterolateral approaches to the skull base

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rennert ◽  
Martin P. Powers ◽  
Jeffrey A. Steinberg ◽  
Takanori Fukushima ◽  
John D. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Microsurgical Technique ◽  
Vessel Injury ◽  
Far Lateral ◽  
Clear Delineation

OBJECTIVEThe far-lateral and extreme-lateral infrajugular transcondylar–transtubercular exposure (ELITE) and extreme-lateral transcondylar transodontoid (ELTO) approaches provide access to lesions of the foramen magnum, inferolateral to mid-clivus, and ventral pons and medulla. A subset of pathologies in this region require manipulation of the vertebral artery (VA)–dural interface. Although a cuff of dura is commonly left on the VA to avoid vessel injury during these approaches, there are varying descriptions of the degree of VA-dural separation that is safely achievable. In this paper the authors provide a detailed histological analysis of the VA-dural junction to guide microsurgical technique for posterolateral skull base approaches.METHODSAn ELITE approach was performed on 6 preserved adult cadaveric specimens. The VA-dural entry site was resected, processed for histological analysis, and qualitatively assessed by a neuropathologist.RESULTSHistological analysis demonstrated a clear delineation between the intima and media of the VA in all specimens. No clear plane was identified between the connective tissue of the dura and the connective tissue of the VA adventitia.CONCLUSIONSThe VA forms a contiguous plane with the connective tissue of the dura at its dural entry site. When performing posterolateral skull base approaches requiring manipulation of the VA-dural interface, maintenance of a dural cuff on the VA is critical to minimize the risk of vascular injury.

ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING NATURAL DISASTER: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

2002 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 475-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The linkages between disaster and environmental damage are recognized as important to predicting, preventing and mitigating the impact of disasters. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures are well developed for non-ndisaster situations. However, they are conceptually and operationally inappropriate for use in disaster conditions, particularly in the first 120 days after the disaster has begun. The paper provides a conceptual overview of the requirements for an environmental impact assessment procedure appropriate for disaster conditions. These requirements are captured in guidelines for a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REA) for use in disasters. The REA guides the collection and assessment of a wide range of factors which can indicate: (1) the negative impacts of a disaster on the environment, (2) the impacts of environmental conditions on the magnitude of a disaster and, (3) the positive or negative impacts of relief efforts on environmental conditions. The REA also provides a foundation for recovery program EIAs, thus improving the overall post disaster recovery process. The REA is designed primarily for relief cadres, but is also expected to be usable as an assessment tool with disaster victims. The paper discusses the field testing of the REA under actual disaster conditions.

scholarly journals Histological analysis of the association between formocresol and endotoxin in the subcutaneous tissue of mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Sant'anna ◽  
Luis Carlos Spolidório ◽  
Lizeti Toledo Oliveira Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Subcutaneous Connective Tissue ◽  
Original Formula

This study performed a histological analysis of the effect of formocresol associated to endotoxin (LPS) in the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice. Ninety mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=30). Each animal received one plastic tube implant containing endotoxin solution (10 mg/mL), formocresol (original formula) or a mixture of endotoxin and formocresol. The endotoxin and formocresol groups served as controls. The periods of analysis were 7, 15 and 30 days. At each experimental period, tissue samples were collected and submitted to routine processing for histological analysis. Endotoxin and formocresol produced necrosis and chronic inflammation at 7 and 15 days. At 30 days, the endotoxin group showed no necrosis, while in the formocresol group necrosis persisted. The formocresol-endotoxin association produced necrosis and chronic inflammation in the same way as observed with formocresol at all experimental periods. In conclusion, formocresol seems not to be able to inactive the toxic effects of endotoxin in connective tissues.

scholarly journals Reviewing Effective Factors of Alimentary Deficiency in Animals Reproductive Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Pavlo Skliarov ◽  
Serhiy Fedorenko ◽  
Svitlana Naumenko ◽  
Oleksandr Onyshchenko ◽  
Alina Pasternak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts

Animal reproduction is one of the main factors limiting the efficiency of livestock production. Its optimal level is possibly achieved when certain conditions are created for animals. As reproduction is a complex reflex process depending on neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms, the character and strength of stimuli, which, in turn, is due to a number of factors. Under normal conditions, the body of animals is affected by many different factors, which are appropriately transformed and specified by positive or negative reactions. Inhibitory factors include air pool, saturated with harmful substances and gases, ionizing radiation, poor water quality along with altered redox properties, hypokinesia combined with poor unbalanced feeding, systematic chronic stress, presence of toxic substances in feed, and the deficiency of vitamins and other bioantioxidants in feed or their excessive spending. Of the wide range of genetic and paratypic factors of negative impacts on reproductive capacity, the most common one is alimentary, which causes impaired reproductive function due to deficiencies in the rules, regulations, and feeding regime of animals. In particular, the alimentary can be associated with both general malnutrition (starvation) and overfeeding (obesity). However, the alimentary form of infertility mostly occurs due to low-quality diets when the diet lacks vital components (mainly vitamins, macro-, and micronutrients) or the quantitative ratios of the ingredients are violated. This is possible even if the total nutritional value of the diet meets the established requirements for the physiological needs of the body. Vitamins, micro-, and macronutrients are ecologically deficient factors of disturbance of animal reproductive function, the influence of which is observed on all processes of reproduction, from fertilization to the postpartum period and the preservation of young animals. The pathogenesis of their insufficiency is associated with the violation of steroido-, gameto-, and embryogenesis and the emergence of ante-, intra-, neo- and postnatal pathologies, respectively. Therefore, treatments and prevention measures should be aimed at providing animals with biologically complete balanced feeding and replenishment of the body with vitamins and minerals. However, all these issues remain incompletely studied and need further research.

The Environmental Pollution Analysis of Aircraft

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2259-2262
Author(s):  
Xiao Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Wide Range

The Environmental factors cover a wide range of aspects but noise and emissions are the main regulatory issues which affect the design of the aircraft. Both are largely associated with engine design aspects and aircraft flight profiles. With the expected growth in air traffic at the major airports the environmental pressure groups will become more vocal. This paper shows the influence of airworthiness and environmental influences of aircraft. Both noise and emission pollution were discussed. Several methods were given to reduce these environment pollution on the base of the analysis.

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
Josephina A. Vossen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Specific Organ ◽  
Extent Of Disease

Chapter 43 discusses mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), which is a complex disease with overlapping features of systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and polymyositis. MCTD is rare and more common in women than in men, characterized by the presence of high titers of a distinctive autoantibody, called anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Arthritis and myositis are common features. Radiographs are standard in the initial evaluation of symptomatic extremities. Ultrasound is useful to evaluate multiple joints. MRI is especially sensitive in detection of myositis. Medical therapy is targeted to specific organ involvement and extent of disease activity. There are large variations in clinical features, response to therapy, and outcomes.

Evaluation of claws as an alternative route of mercury elimination from the herring gull (Larus argentatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Grajewska ◽  
Lucyna Falkowska ◽  
Andrzej Reindl
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Mercury enters the body of seabirds in its most toxic organic form, i.e. methylmercury, mainly via the alimentary tract. Inside the body, mercury is transformed into less toxic forms and accumulates in the internal organs. The process of mercury removal from the body, most effective during the formation of new feathers and claws, is beneficial for the bird. The presented research was undertaken on account of the high affinity of mercury to keratin – a protein that forms feathers and claws – to compare the concentration levels (HgTOT) in these structures and to assess their contribution to the purification of the body of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) Bird feathers are the only epidermal structure that is extensively described in the literature, whereas the claws have so far been poorly researched. The study has shown that mercury in claws is built in as effectively as in feathers, and the obtained concentrations were within a wide range of 127.2–5341.5 ng HgTOT g–1 of dry weight. In addition, the concentrations of total mercury accumulated in the claws were a better reflection of Hg levels in internal organs compared to feathers.

The Effect of the Supra-alveolar Soft Tissue on the Relapse of Orthodontic Treatment

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Larsson ◽  
György Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Control Side ◽  
Definite Difference ◽  
The Stability

Orthodontic closure in cases of aplasia as also in patients with spaces of other genesis is often associated with problems of relapse. In this study ten patients were treated orthodontically in order to close unacceptable interdental spaces. Five patients had paired aplasia. The remaining five patients had interdental spaces of different genesis. Supra-crestal connective tissue fibres w re surgically removed in all patients but only on one side of the jaw in the children with paired aplasia. The non-operated side of these children served as a control side. The stability of the orthodontic treatment was acceptable. No definite difference between the operated and the control side was recorded. The histological analysis of the removed tissue did not reveal anything unexpected but a rich infiltration of inflammatory cells. It is suggested that inflammation might aid the reorganization of the connective tissues in this area.

scholarly journals The Views of the UK Public Towards Routine Neutering of Dogs and Cats

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanakarn Wongsaengchan ◽  
Dorothy McKeegan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Despite being routinely recommended by veterinarians, neutering of dogs and cats has both positive and negative impacts on animal welfare and is ethically problematic. We examined attitudes of a sample of the UK public towards routine neutering of dogs and cats using a questionnaire. Respondents indicated their level of agreement with statements describing welfare and ethical reasons ‘for’ and ‘against’ the neutering of male and female dogs and cats. We conducted a general linear model (GLM) analysis to investigate the effects of demographic factors on agreement scores. Respondents (n = 451) expressed views both supporting and opposing neutering. The predominant view (>80%) supported neutering, justified primarily by prevention of unwanted offspring and reproductive diseases. Around 10% of the respondents disagreed and felt that neutering should only be done for medical reasons. Men were less likely than women to support neutering (p < 0.001). Those with meat reduction diets were more likely to be against neutering (p < 0.05) and cat owners supported neutering more than non-cat owners (p < 0.05). Although the data reflected a wide range of ethical views, our findings show that the UK public generally supports the routine neutering of dogs and cats. This insight has implications for future policy-making and compliance with veterinary advice.

scholarly journals A Systematic Approach to the Application of Soft Tissue Histopathology in Paleopathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Grove ◽  
Oliver Peschel ◽  
Andreas G. Nerlich
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Desert Areas

The application of histology to soft tissue remains offers an important technique to obtain diagnostically important information on various physiological and pathological conditions in paleopathology. In a series of 29 cases with mummified tissue ranging between 16 months and c. 5.200 years of postmortem time interval, we systematically investigated paleohistology and the preservation of various tissues. We established a reproducible histological ranking system for the evaluation of mummified tissue preservation. The application of this scheme to the series showed good tissue preservation of tissues with high connective tissue content but also fat tissue and connective tissue rich organs, such as lung tissue, while most other internal organs were less well preserved despite highly different postmortem time intervals. There are some organs with only poor conservation even in short term periods such as the kidneys and CNS. Artificial mummification does not provide better conservation than naturally mummified tissues; “cold” mummies may be much better conserved than those from desert areas. The identification of specific pathologies underlines the potential power of paleohistology.

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