Change of Acoustic Emission Characteristics during Temperature Induced Transition from Twinning to Dislocation Slip under Compression in Polycrystalline SN

In this study, acoustic emission (AE) measurements on polycrystalline tin as a function of temperature at different driving rates under compression were carried out. It is shown that there is a definite difference between the acoustic emission characteristics belonging to twinning (low temperatures) as well as to dislocation slip (high temperatures). The stress averaged values of the exponents of the energy probability density functions decreased from = 1.45 ± 0.05 (−60 °C) to = 1.20 ± 0.15 (50 °C) at a driving rate of , and the total acoustic energy decreased by three orders of magnitude with increasing temperature. In addition, the exponent γ in the scaling relation SAE~DAEγ (SAE is the area and DAEis the duration) also shows similar temperature dependence (changing from γ = 1.78 ± 0.08 to γ = 1.35 ± 0.05), illustrating that the avalanche statistics belong to two different microscopic deformation mechanisms. The power law scaling relations were also analyzed, taking into account that the detected signal is always the convolution of the source signal and the transfer function of the system. It was obtained that approximate values of the power exponents can be obtained from the parts of the above functions, belonging to large values of parameters. At short duration times, the attenuation effect of the AE detection system dominates the time dependence, from which the characteristic attenuation time, τa, was determined as τa≅ 70 μs.

Quality Assessment and Origin Identification on Four Species of Curcumae Radix by HPLC Assay and Fingerprint Analysis

BackgroundCurcumae Radix is a multi-source Chinese medicine called Yujin. It is derived from the root tubers of four Curcuma species including Curcuma wenyujin , C. kwangsiensis , C. phaeocaulis and C. longa. The identification of the root tubers of the four Curcuma species often caused confusions. MethodsIn this study, we developed HPLC/PDA methods to differentiate these four species of Curcumae Radix by HPLC assay and fingerprint analysis. The methods developed were also validated with their precision, repeatability and accuracy. ResultsCurdione could only be detected in C. wenyujin . For C. kwangsiensis , C. phaeocaulis , if the relative peak area value of peak 1 and germacrone peak of the samples was more than 1.024, it could be identified as C. phaeocaulis of Curcumae Radix. Curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin could only be detected in C. longa . We also developed a simple method to determine curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin in C. lon ga and germacrone in the other three species of Curcumae Radix. ConclusionsBecause of the definite difference of main ingredients between curcumin-free group (C. wenyujin , C. kwangsiensis and C. phaeocaulis ) and curcumin containing C. longa from this study, four Curcuma species of Curcumae Radix in the pharmacopeia should be separated into two monographs, with curcumin-free and germacrone containing species as one and curcumin containing C. longa as the second monograph. The HPLC/PDA methods of HPLC assay and fingerprint analysis developed in this study could be used for the quality control of these four species of Curcumae Radix. Keywords: Curcumae Radix, HPLC, assay, fingerprint, curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin, bisdesmethoxycurcumin, germacrone, curdione

Crotalaria lamelliformis (Fabaceae: Crotalarieae), a new species from Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, Peninsular India

Crotalaria lamelliformis is described and illustrated as a new species in sect. Calycinae from Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh of India. The habitat ecology, distribution and conservation status are briefly discussed in this study. This new species is apparently resembled to Crotalaria albida B. Heyne ex Roth. (Nov. Pl. Sp., 1821:333) but shows a definite difference by showing a combination of vegetative morphology, inflorescence architecture and floral characters.

Reply to Comment on “Kadomoto, S. et al. Tumor-Associated Macrophages Induce Migration of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of the CCL20-CCR6 Axis” Cancers 2020 12, 89

We appreciate Zins and Abraham [1] commenting on our paper studying the role of the CCL20-CCR6 axis on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells [2]. As they pointed out, our study has certain limitations. Although M1- and M2-types cannot be separated clearly and a consecutive change of character might exist between them, it has been reported that plural specific markers express on M1- and M2-types. Unfortunately, a definite difference between M1 and M2 macrophages was not confirmed in our study. For more differentiation, multiple stimulations, such as suggested in the comments of Zins and Abraham, might be needed. Hence, we needed to expediently use “M1-like” and “M2-like” to mention specific status of these macrophage-like cells. Meanwhile, CCL20 expression levels of M2-like-THP-1 cells co-cultured with RCC cells were dramatically increased compared with parental THP-1 cells, indicating that certain stimulations within the tumor microenvironment rather than theoretical stimulations make macrophages differentiated; however, further studies are needed to clarify this mechanism using a more appropriate co-culture system mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry of CCL20 and M2 markers will help to better understand the role of tissue infiltrating macrophages, even tissue CD68 staining intensity itself was reported to correlate with prognosis of RCC patients [3]. [...]

ANALYSIS OF SENSORY PROCESSING ABILITIES AMONG AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS CHILDREN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Autism is characterized by the complex paradigm of intellectual disabilities that leads to impairment in sensory integration, communication barriers and social interaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the sensory processing abilities among autism children. Further the study will be helpful in identifying difficulties faced by autistic children in multidimensional aspects. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted at special education institute/schools of Karachi among the Autism Spectrum Children to evaluate the patterns of sensory integration by using Short Sensory Profile. RESULTS A total of 50 children, 23 males and 27 females with mean age of 9.5±1.84 years included in the study. On SSP, the mean scores of participants were 17.89±7.61 in tactile sensitivity, 16.66±6.90 in Under-responsive/Seeks Sensation, 14.45±5.75 in Visual/Auditory Sensitivity, 17.77±7.04 in Auditory Filtering, 19.57±7.91 in Low Energy/Weak while lowest scores were reported in Taste/Smell Sensitivity and Movement Sensitivity. CONCLUSION It was concluded that definite difference is more prevalent among children with autism whereas varying percentages are found on different items on Short sensory profile. Further studies are required to assess the sensory processing issues for more useful outcomes.

The Prophethood and the “Khatam al-Nabiyyin” Within the Qur’anic Perspective

Both the term prophet and messenger are used in Al- Qur’an, either concurrently or respectively on its own. The two terms indeed have been long debated by Islamic scholars if there is any distinction between them. Some say there is a definite difference between the two, while some others insist they are a distinction wit- hout a difference but in meaning. Irrespective of the differences, the Islamic scholars agreed that all the prophets and messengers have one same message to convey from the beginning, that is the call to worship one God only. They are on the opinion that there is no hu- man theological evolution ever happened like it was claimed by those who believe in the evolution theory. They assure human belief system remains the same from the day one the religion was known, that is monotheistic in concept. Should there be any difference from one to another, it is all about the syariah tenets that each messenger or prophet brought with them. Obviously, the tenets developed from time to time and came to its perfection under the era of the prophet of Muhammad peace be upon him. Thus, it is unanimously agreed among the Islamic scholar that Muhammad peace be upon him is the final prophet and messenger and the seal of the prophethood.

A Comparative Free Radical Scavenging Evaluation of Amantadine and Rasagiline

To evaluated and compare the intrinsic antioxidant ability of amantadine and rasagiline drugs using in-vitro diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay method. Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay method was used to compare the antioxidant activity of rasagiline and amantadine. At lower concentrations (200 - 400 µg/ml), there was a definite difference between amantadine and rasagiline with amantadine showing better antioxidant activity over rasagiline. But at higher doses (600 - 1000 µg/ml) both their antioxidant free radical scavenging activity were comparable. This study proved the intrinsic activity of rasagiline and amantadine which may be beneficial in attenuating the oxidative stress pathways, which were considered responsible for many degenerative diseases.

Microclimatic Performance of Courtyards in Residential Buildings in Kafanchan-Nigeria

Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the courtyard microclimate to the building and the need for a comparative study on their typology in other to ascertain the best alternative. Also emphasizing that the architect choice of the courtyard typology to be adopted in his architectural design schemes should be based on performance rather than his mere intuitive choice. Therefore, an investigational study of two different courtyard forms with the same perimeter, and material finished -the fully enclosed internal central courtyard and the semi-enclosed courtyard has been carried out in two existing residential buildings, in the city of Kafanchan-Nigeria. The main purpose of the study is to compare their climatic performances in other to ascertain the best option. The study employed the experimental methodology. Three Hobo Weather Data Loggers (HWDL) were used to collect data in the courtyards, and the third one was positioned in the outdoor area as a benchmark. Only two climatic variables, namely air temperature, and relative humidity were examined as these variables have not been investigated in a single research on the courtyard in Nigeria. The results showed a definite difference in the microclimatic conditions of the two courtyards. The fully enclosed internal courtyard is seen to have a better air temperature difference of 1oc to 3oc at the time intervals, and the relative humidity difference of 1% to 6%. In conclusion, the fully enclosed internal courtyard has demonstrated a more favorable microclimatic performance than the semi-enclosed, and future simulation studies towards its optimization are recommended.

Dental Appearance-A Survey of Attitudes in Rural and Urban Children

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to determine attitude of children towards their dental appearance and to compare same among rural and urban areas of Dakshina Kannada District Karnataka, India. Methods A total population from 2 randomly selected schools (urban-522 and rural- 498) comprising of 1020 children between the age group of 8yrs - 14yrs were provided with questionare containing objective questions to be filled by them . Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results Significant difference was noticed in the attitudes towards their dental appearance among rural and urban children of Dakshina Kannada district (p=<0.001). Girls were more bothered about esthetics than boys both in rural and urban regions. A definite difference in the attitude was found between rural girls and boys and also between rural and urban boys. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study it can be concluded that attitudes of children towards their dental appearance differ in rural and urban areas in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India.

Effects of Citric Acid and Desensitizing Agent Application on Nonfluorosed and Fluorosed Dentin: An In Vitro Sem Study

Fluorosis is one of the factors which bring about mineralisation changes in a dentinal structure leading to dentin. The purpose of the present study was to compare and evaluate the dentinal tubular changes in fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth subsequent to the application of citric acid,strontium acetate based sodium fluoride (SAF) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dentin specimens from healthy fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth were included in the study. Each of them was grouped into acid treated and SAF treatment groups. Using SEM, the photomicrographs (3500x) of dentin specimens were evaluated. Results showed while there was a significant difference in tubular width of partial occlusion ≤ 25%, being more in fluorosed group compared to nonfluorosed group after application SAF. Application of desensitising agents demonstrated higher number of dentinal tubular occlusion and diameter reduction in nonfluorosed dentin compared to fluorosed dentin. Summary: Root biomodification and desensitising agent procedure brings in definite difference between fluorosed and non-fluorosed dentin specimens.