Radiomorphometric Localization of Mental Foramen and Mandibular Canal using Cone Beam Computed Tomography as an Aid to Gender Determination- A Retrospective Study

AIM: The present study aimed at evaluating the role of mental foramen and mandibular canal in gender determination using CBCT.METHODOLOGY: A total number of 73 volumes of CBCT of the mandible was evaluated. Four measurements were used to assess the bucco-lingual and supero-inferior location of mandibular canal and the supero-inferior location of mental foramen was determined using two measurements on both right and left sides of the mandible. Inter and intra-observer variability was analyzed with help of t-test.RESULTS: Good intra-observer and inter-observer agreement was noted with regard to all the six measurements. The mean of all the measurements of mental nerve foramen and mandibular canal was found to be higher in males than females, however, significant difference was noted with regard to Superior Mental foramen (SMeF) and Superior Inferior Alveolar Canal (SMC) (p=0.037, p<0.001 respectively) on the right side and SIAC and Inferior Inferior Alveolar Canal (IIAC), (p=0.015, p=0.046 respectively) on the left side.CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that SMeF, SIAC and IIAC may be used for gender determination. Further, either side of mandible can be used for this purpose. CBCT was found to be a useful modality in this study for sexual dimorphism.

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Evaluation of the Accessory Mental Foramen in a Pediatric Population Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.39.1.rxtrn82463716907 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K Cantekin ◽

AE Şekerci

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Turkish Children ◽

Accessory Mental Foramen ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The University

Objective: The aim of the present study was to clarify the occurrence, diameter, and location of the accessory mental foramen (AMF) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from a sample of Turkish children. Study design: This retrospective was carried out using a total of 275 CBCT images from child and adolescent patients were randomly selected from existing records in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology at the University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey. The mental foramen (MF) and AMF were assessed on axial, sagittal, and coronal CBCT slices. Results: The mean age was 10.51 ± 3.32 years, consisting of 139 males (mean age 10.64 ± 3.42) and 126 females (mean age 10.38 ± 3.18). Twenty-one AMFs were observed in 18 of 275 patients (6.5%, 10 boys and eight girls). There was no significant difference in gender in relation to the prevalence of AMF (p = 0.65). The mean area of the 21 AMFs and the MF on the side with the AMF were 0.7 mm2 (SD ± 0.5) and 3.8 mm2 (SD ± 2.2), respectively. Conclusion: It is important to stress that detecting the AMN using CBCT with 3D reconstructions may reduce the risk of paralysis, hemorrhage, and postoperative pain in this region. Our study presents the first report assessing the occurrence, diameter, and location of the AMF in the pediatric population using CBCT images. In this respect, not surprisingly, the mean size of the AMF of our population is smaller than other reports in the literature that involve adult populations.

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Determining the Accuracy of the Mandibular Canal Region in 3D Biomodels Fabricated from CBCT Scanned Data: A Cadaveric Study

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405614666181012144745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 645-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syed Yusoff Alzawawi Syed Abd Fattah ◽

Firdaus Hariri ◽

Phrabhakaran Nambiar ◽

Zulkiflee Abu Bakar ◽

Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Mandibular Canal ◽

Mean Value ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Measurement Protocol ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Using Data

Objective:To validate the accuracy of the mandibular canal region in 3D biomodel produced by using data obtained from Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) of cadaveric mandibles.Methods:Six hemi-mandible samples were scanned using the i-CAT CBCT system. The scanned data was transferred to the OsiriX software for measurement protocol and subsequently into Mimics software to fabricate customized cutting jigs and 3D biomodels based on rapid prototyping technology. The hemi-mandibles were segmented into 5 dentoalveolar blocks using the customized jigs. Digital calliper was used to measure six distances surrounding the mandibular canal on each section. The same distances were measured on the corresponding cross-sectional OsiriX images and the 3D biomodels of each dentoalveolar block.Results:Statistically no significant difference was found when measurements from OsiriX images and 3D biomodels were compared to the “gold standard” -direct digital calliper measurement of the cadaveric dentoalveolar blocks. Moreover, the mean value difference of the various measurements between the different study components was also minimal.Conclusion:Various distances surrounding the mandibular canal from 3D biomodels produced from the CBCT scanned data was similar to that of direct digital calliper measurements of the cadaveric specimens.

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Determining the Size of the Mental Foramen: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2017.vol7.no2.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Seda Falakaloglu ◽

Artemisa Veis

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Axial Plane ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Coronal Image ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Student’S T ◽

The Right

Aim: Knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is important to prepare strategy when administering regional anesthesia, performing dental surgical procedures, endodontic treatments. Also, it is critical to analyze diameter of mental foramen in sagittal, coronal, and axial images. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the diameter of the MF in different planes from CBCT images. Methodology: This study was designed at Department of Endodontics, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. One hundred twenty three (67 female, 56 male) CBCT scans that met the study criteria were obtained. All images were obtained from i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-tests and Tukey HSD tests. Results: For the analysis of age, data were divided into four groups: 12–17, 18–29, 30–49, and ≥50 years. The data were also divided into two groups by gender. Axial and coronal image measurements were also divided into right and left. There was a statistical difference compared with females and males (p<0.05). In the coronal plane, the right region showed significant differences in measurements between the groups (p<0.05). In the axial plane, there was no statistically significant difference between them (p>0.05). The differences between the groups in the left region in the axial plane measurements were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Using CBCT imaging superimposition of anatomical structures can be eliminated. It is important that determine that the size of the mental foramen. This study is a retrospective study using CBCT from patient and find that the size of the mental foramen. How to cite this article: Falakaloglu S, Veis A. Determining the size of the mental foramen: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Int Dent Res 2017;7:20-25.

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Mandibular Canal Location and Cortical Bone Thickness in Males and Females of Different Age Groups: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.7397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 1117-1122

Author(s):

Sherif Shafik El-Bahnasy ◽

Magdy Youakim ◽

Mohamed Shamel ◽

Hisham El Sheikh

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mandibular Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Age Group ◽

Bone Thickness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Computed Tomography Scans ◽

The Mean

AIM: The purpose of the study was to measure and compare the prevalence of mandibular canal (MC) location variations in regard to mandibular first molars in both genders at different age groups. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 80 cone-beam computed tomography scans. Distance between MC and apical apices of first molars, buccal and lingual cortical plates was measured in both sides. RESULTS: 80 scans with 160 sides were analyzed. Distances was measured bilaterally for all scans with mean (5.22 ± 0.77) in men versus (4.1 ± 0.7) in women at group age 31–40 apical to apices of first molars. The mean was (3.77 ± 0.62) in men versus (2.81 ± 0.47) in women at same age group at buccal side, lingually the mean was (4.02 ± 0.67) in men versus (3.67 ± 0.26) in women in the same age group. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that there were decrease in measurements in older age group in both genders and in female groups more than male groups but with no statistical significant difference.

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Relationship between mandibular incisive canal and mental foramen using cone-beam computed tomography in a selected Brazilian Amazon population

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v15i1.609 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 12-09

Author(s):

Cláudia Gemaque Marinho ◽

Pedro Luiz de Carvalho ◽

Edson Marcos Leal Soares Ramos ◽

Fabricio Mesquita Tuji ◽

Nicolau Conte Neto

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Mandibular Canal ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Median Line ◽

Anatomic Structure ◽

Incisive Canal ◽

The Mean

The mandibular canal is an anatomic structure that extends bilaterally from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen. Objective: To identify the presence, extension, and length of the mandibular incisive canal with a cone-beam computed tomography, and to determine correlations with the positioning of the mental foramen and mandibular canal in a selected Brazilian Amazon population. Material and methods: The measurements of the incisive canal that ends at the mandible’s lower buccal and lingual border, at its initial and terminal portions, were obtained from 95 odontological examinations using cone-beam computed tomography. These measurements were compared with the measurements of the distance between the mandibular canal ending at the same cortices in 2 distinct regions at the mental foramen region. Pearson’s correlation test was used to establish a relationship between these measurements. Results: The mandibular incisive canal’s bilateral identification mean age was of 44.29 ± 11.04 y and the mean length was 10.38 ± 4.01 mm. Moderate correlations were found between the measurements of the mandibular incisive canal, mental foramen, and mandibular canal. Conclusion: The mandibular incisive canal can reach the region of the median line, and it did not present differences between the genders or for the length and distance of the mandibular incisive canal to the cortices ending at the mandible base.

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Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Mental Foramen Variations: A Preliminary Study

Radiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2015/124635 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahnaz Sheikhi ◽

Mitra Karbasi Kheir ◽

Ehsan Hekmatian

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Vertical Position ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

Common Shape ◽

Surgical Operations

Background. Mental foramen is important in surgical operations of premolars because it transfers the mental nerves and vessels. This study evaluated the variations of mental foramen by cone-beam computed tomography among a selected Iranian population.Materials and Methods. A total number of 180 cone-beam computed tomography projections were analyzed in terms of shape, size, direction, and horizontal and vertical positions of mental foramen in the right and left sides.Results. The most common shape was oval, opening direction was posterior-superior, horizontal position was in line with second premolar, and vertical position was apical to the adjacent dental root. The mean of foremen diameter was 3.59 mm.Conclusion. In addition to the most common types of mental foramen, other variations exist, too. Hence, it reflects the significance of preoperative radiographic examinations, especially 3-dimensional images to prevent nerve damage.

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Evaluation of Mandibular Anatomical Formation for Gender Determination in Turkish Population

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.2478/bjdm-2018-0023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Burak Apaydın ◽

Derya Icoz ◽

Fusun Yasar ◽

Faruk Akgunlu

Keyword(s):

Turkish Population ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Gonial Angle ◽

Gender Determination ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

Inferior Border ◽

The Right ◽

Gender Groups

SummaryBackground/Aim: Gender determination is one of the most challenging tasks in medico-legal research and forensic dentistry. Several skeletal components are investigated for this purpose and the mandible is one of them. The mandible has several specific anatomical features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of measurements related to the mental foramen, gonial angle and antegonial angle on gender determination using digital panoramic radiographs.Material and Methods: A retrospective study was planned with 150 digital panoramic radiographs (75 males and 75 females, aged between 20 to 49 years). The radiographs were analyzed by dividing them into two equal gender groups (male and female). Several parameters were compared to determine the gender. The distances from the superior and inferior border of the mental foramen to the basis of the mandible on the right side were measured. Gonial and antegonial angles were evaluated bilaterally. The difference between the males and females were analyzed with independent samples t-test (p<0.05).Results: There was statistically significant difference between the males and females in terms of all the evaluated parameters (p<0.05). The distances related to mental foramen is higher in the males however gonial and antegonial angles are larger in the females.Conclusions: The mental foramen position, gonial and antegonial angles can be used to predict the gender in Turkish population.

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Assessment of the Anterior Loop of the Mental Nerve Using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography Scan

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00346 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 632-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Chun-I Lu ◽

John Won ◽

Aladdin Al-Ardah ◽

Ruben Santana ◽

Dwight Rice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computerized Tomography ◽

Age Groups ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Mental Nerve ◽

Anterior Loop ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽

The Mean

The purpose of this study is to use cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans with oblique-transverse reconstruction modality to measure and compare the anterior loop length (AnLL) of the mental nerve between gender and age groups and to compare the difference between the right and left sides. Sixty-one female and 61 male CBCT scans were randomly selected for each age group: 21–40, 41–60, and 61–80 years. Both right- and left-side AnLLs were measured in each subject using i-CATVision software to measure AnLLs on the oblique transverse plane using multiplanar reconstruction. The anterior loop was identified in 85.2% of cases, with the mean AnLL of the 366 subjects (732 hemimandibles) being 1.46 ± 1.25 mm with no statistically significant difference between right and left sides or between different gender groups. However, the mean AnLL in the 21–40 year group (1.89 ± 1.35 mm) was larger than the AnLL in the 41–60 year group (1.35 ± 1.19 mm) and the 61–80 year group (1.13 ± 1.08 mm). In conclusion, when placing implants in close proximity to mental foramina, caution is recommended to avoid injury to the inferior alveolar nerve. No fixed distance anteriorly from the mental foramen should be considered safe. Using CBCT scans with the oblique-transverse method to accurately identify and measure the AnLL is of utmost importance in avoiding and protecting its integrity.

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Anterior Loop of the Inferior Alveolar Canal: A Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography Study of 494 Cases

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-15-00038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 333-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Halil Sahman ◽

Yildiray Sisman

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Computerized Tomography ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Loop Length ◽

Anterior Loop ◽

Cbct Image ◽

Inferior Alveolar Canal ◽

Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

The aim of this study was to use cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images of patients to assess the prevalence of different types, especially anterior loop, of the mental portion of the inferior alveolar canal and to evaluate the anterior loop lengths. CBCT images of 494 patients providing inclusion criteria were examined by 2 oral radiologists. Sagittal, axial, and multiplanar reformatted images were used to detect the type of mental portion of the inferior alveolar canal. The anterior loop length was measured in the respective sections of each CBCT image. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 15, and t tests were used for statistical analysis. Of the 494 patients, 217 anterior loops were detected in 141 (28.5%) patients. The mean anterior loop lengths for the right side and the left side were 2.19 ± 1 mm and 2.08 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. The difference between males and females in the mean anterior loop length was statistically significant for both sides (Right: P < .05; Left: P < .05). A presurgical CBCT image examination is necessary prior to implant insertion to reveal the presence of anterior loop and to detect actual anterior loop length.

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ARE AGE AND GENDER EFFECTIVE FACTORS ON THE MORPHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF MENTAL FORAMEN?

Gevher Nesibe Journal, IESDR ◽

10.46648/gnj.208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 119-126

Author(s):

Güldane MAĞAT ◽

Mine ÇETİN ◽

Sevgi ÖZCAN

Keyword(s):

Mental Foramen ◽

Sensory Innervation ◽

P Value ◽

Mental Nerve ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender ◽

The Right

Aim: Foramen mentale is the anatomical formation in which the vein and nerve package feeds and provides sensory innervation to the chin and lower anterior lip area. During implant surgery and osteotomy operations, it is important to know the anatomical morphometric characteristics because of mental nerve damage. This study aims to determine whether mental foramen differ depending on age and gender. Method: 100 patients (50 females-50 males) who applied to neu faculty of dentistry and received kıbt for various reasons between 2020-2021 were included in the study. spss program was used for statistical analysis. a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean superoinferior diameter of the right and left mental foramen was 3.20 mm and 3.21 mm, respectively. The mean values were 3.12 mm and 3.18 mm for right and left mental foramen, respectively. It was found that the right and left mental foramen are located between the 1st and 2nd premolars. Anteroposterior and superoinferior diameters of the right and left foramen do not differ according to the localization of the mental foramen (p> 0.05). It was found that the parameters except the superoinferior diameter of the right mental foramen did not show a statistically significant difference according to gender (p> 0.05). It was found that the right mental foramen superoinferior diameter of males was statistically higher than females. (p <0.01). It was found that the anterosuperior and superoinferior diameters of the mental foramen did not vary according to age (p> 0.05). Conclusion: According to the result we obtained from this study, it was determined that the superoinferior diameter of the mental foramen was higher in men. This result will guide for those working in the field of anatomy, oral maxillofacial surgeons and oral maxillofacial radiologists.

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