scholarly journals Denture Stomatitis: Report of a Case with Rarely Used Treatment Modality and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Parul Uppal Malhotra ◽  
Neera Ohri ◽  
Yagyeshwar Malhotra ◽  
Anindita Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Microbial Invasion

Candida albicans is the most common Candida species isolated from the oral cavity both in healthy and diseased. Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus existing both in blastopore phase (yeast phase) and the hyphal or mycelial phase. Although these organisms typically colonize mucocutaneous surfaces, the latter can be portals of entry into deeper tissues when host defences are compromised. Denture stomatitis is a common form of oral candidiasis that manifests as a diffuse inflammation of the maxillary denture bearing areas & is associated with angular cheilitis. At least 70% of individuals with clinical signs of denture stomatitis exhibit fungal growth & these conditions most likely result from yeast colonization of the oral mucosa combined with Bacterial colonization. Candida species act as an endogenous infecting agent on tissue predisposed by chronic trauma to microbial invasion. At one time, oral fungal infections were rare findings in general dentist's office. They were more commonly seen in hospitalized and severely debilitated patients. However with enhanced medical and pharmaceutical technology, increasing numbers of ambulatory immunosuppressed individuals with oral fungal infections are seeking out general dentists for diagnosis and treatment of these lesions.

scholarly journals Chronic vulvovaginitis caused by Candida dubliniensis in an immunologically competent adult female

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Ketan Kolekar ◽  
Swagata Tambe ◽  
Rashmi Aderao ◽  
Chitra Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Life Threatening

Candida, a commensal dimorphic fungus, is the most common microorganism that causes opportunistic fungal infections worldwide. It can cause diseases ranging from superficial mucosal infections to disseminated, systemic life-threatening infections. Among Candida species, Candida albicans is the most common infectious agent. Nowadays, non- albicans Candida species are also emerging as significant pathogens. Candida dubliniensis has been implicated as a causative agent of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected individuals but has also been recovered from HIV non-infected individuals with oral candidiasis and rarely from the genital tract of women with vaginitis. Such cases have been under-reported due to phenotypic resemblance to C. albicans. The majority of C. dubliniensis clinical isolates tested to date have been susceptible to fluconazole, but they tend to develop resistance rapidly. Here, we report a case of chronic vulvovaginitis due to C. dubliniensis not responding to standard doses of fluconazole.

scholarly journals The The Effects of Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamon Derivatives) and Nystatin on Candida Albicans and Candida Glabrata

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Bakhtiari ◽  
Soudeh Jafari ◽  
Jamileh Bigom Taheri ◽  
Tahereh Sadat Jafarzadeh Kashi ◽  
Zahra Namazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Microdilution Method

BACKGROUND: Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungal infections. Today, cinnamon plants have been considered for anti-Candida properties. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde extract (from cinnamon derivatives) on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata species and comparison with nystatin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, cinnamaldehyde and nystatin were used. The specimens included Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were measured for each one by the microdilution method. This experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS: Cinnamaldehyde extract at a concentration of 62.5 μl/ml was able to prevent the growth of Candida albicans, at a concentration of 93.7 μl/ml, causing Candida albicans to disappear, at 48.8 μl/ml, to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and in the concentration of 62.5 μl/ml, causes the loss of Candida glabrata. In comparison, nystatin at 0.5 μg/ml concentration prevented the growth of Candida albicans, at concentrations of 1 μg/ml causing Candida albicans to be destroyed, at 4 μg/ml concentration to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and at a concentration of 8 μg/ml causes the loss of Candida glabrata. The results were the same every three times. CONCLUSIONS: Although cinnamaldehyde extract had an effect on fungal growth in both Candida albicans and Candida glabrata with a fatal effect; the effect on these two species was lower than nystatin.

Prevalence of Oral Candida Species in a North American Pediatric Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk ◽  
Sandra Torres ◽  
Isabel Rambob ◽  
Timothy Meiller ◽  
Lindsey Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
North American ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Oral Exam ◽  
Oral Candida

Oral candidiasis caused by species other than Candida albicans has been observed. This study evaluated the prevalence of oral yeast species among 196 children during routine oral exam. Based on standard mycological testing, 130 (66%) subjects had fungal growth. Candida albicans isolates were recovered in 56% of children, but an extensive diversity in the non-albicans species was observed. Intrinsic differences in the pediatric population may favor the presence of yeast species other than C. albicans

scholarly journals CD137 Signaling Is Critical in Fungal Clearance during Systemic Candida albicans Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Vuvi G. Tran ◽  
Na N. Z. Nguyen ◽  
Byungsuk Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Agonistic Antibody ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Surface Receptor ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

Invasive fungal infections by Candida albicans frequently cause mortality in immunocompromised patients. Neutrophils are particularly important for fungal clearance during systemic C. albican infection, yet little has been known regarding which surface receptor controls neutrophils’ antifungal activities. CD137, which is encoded by Tnfrsf9, belongs to the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily and has been shown to regulate neutrophils in Gram-positive bacterial infection. Here, we used genetic and immunological tools to probe the involvement of neutrophil CD137 signaling in innate defense mechanisms against systemic C. albicans infection. We first found that Tnfrsf9−/− mice were susceptible to C. albicans infection, whereas injection of anti-CD137 agonistic antibody protected the host from infection, suggesting that CD137 signaling is indispensable for innate immunity against C. albicans infection. Priming of isolated neutrophils with anti-CD137 antibody promoted their phagocytic and fungicidal activities through phospholipase C. In addition, injection of anti-CD137 antibody significantly augmented restriction of fungal growth in Tnfrsf9−/− mice that received wild-type (WT) neutrophils. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CD137 signaling contributes to defense mechanisms against systemic C. albicans infection by promoting rapid fungal clearance.

scholarly journals Oral candidiasis-adhesion of non-albicans Candida species

2008 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Bokor-Bratic
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mucosal Infection ◽  
Denture Acrylics ◽  
Candida Colonisation

Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused primarily by Candida albicans. However, in recent years, species of non-albicans Candida have been implicated more frequently in mucosal infection. Candida species usually reside as commensal organisms and are part of normal oral microflora. Determining exactly how transformation from commensal to pathogen takes place and how it can be prevented is continuous challenge for clinical doctors. Candidal adherence to mucosal surfaces is considered as a critical initial step in the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis. Acrylic dentures, acting as reservoirs, play an important role in increasing the risk from Candida colonisation. Thus, this review discusses what is currently known about the adhesion of non-albicans Candida species of oral origin to buccal epithelial cells and denture acrylics.

scholarly journals CD137 Signaling is Critical in Fungal Clearance During Systemic Candida albicans Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Vi Giang Tran ◽  
Zen Na Nu Nguyen ◽  
Byungsuk Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Agonistic Antibody ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Surface Receptor

Invasive fungal infections by Candida albicans frequently cause mortality in immunocompromised patients. Neutrophils are particularly important for fungal clearance at the early phase of infections, yet little has been known regarding which surface receptor controls neutrophil phagocytic activities during systemic C. albicans infection. CD137, which is encoded by Tnfrsf9, belongs to the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily and has been shown to regulate neutrophils in Gram-positive bacterial infection. Here, we used genetic and immunological tools to probe the involvement of CD137 signaling in innate defense mechanisms against systemic C. albicans infection. We first found that Tnfrsf9-/- mice were susceptible to C. albicans infection, whereas injection of anti-CD137 agonistic antibody protected the host from infection, suggesting that CD137 signaling is indispensable for innate immunity against C. albicans infection. Priming of isolated neutrophils with anti-CD137 antibody promoted their phagocytic and fungicidal activities through phospholipase C. In addition, injection of anti-CD137 antibody significantly augmented restriction of fungal growth in Tnfrsf9-/- mice that received WT neutrophils. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CD137 signaling contributes to defense mechanisms against systemic C. albicans infection by promoting rapid fungal clearance whereby harmful immunopathology-induced tissue injuries are minimalized.

scholarly journals Interleukin-18 and Gamma Interferon Production by Oral Epithelial Cells in Response to Exposure to Candida albicans or Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7073-7080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Rouabhia ◽  
Geneviève Ross ◽  
Nathalie Pagé ◽  
Jamila Chakir
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Oral Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Oral Epithelial

ABSTRACT Oral candidiasis is a collective name for a group of disorders caused by the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Host defenses against C. albicans essentially fall into two categories: specific immune mechanisms and local oral mucosal epithelial cell defenses. Since oral epithelial cells secrete a variety of cytokines and chemokines in response to oral microorganisms and since C. albicans is closely associated with oral epithelial cells as a commensal organism, we wanted to determine whether interleukin-18 (IL-18) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were produced by oral epithelial cells in response to C. albicans infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Our results showed that IL-18 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed by oral epithelial cells and were down-regulated by Candida infections but increased following LPS stimulation. Both C. albicans and LPS significantly decreased pro-IL-18 (24 kDa) levels and increased active IL-18 (18 kDa) levels. This effect was IL-1β-converting-enzyme dependent. The increase in active IL-18 protein levels promoted the production of IFN-γ by infected cells. No effect was obtained with LPS. Although produced only at an early stage, secreted IFN-γ seemed to be a preferential response by oral epithelial cells to C. albicans growth. These results provide additional evidence for the contribution of oral epithelial cells to local (direct contact) and systemic (IL-18 and IFN-γ production) defense against exogenous stimulation such as C. albicans infection or LPS stimulation.

The Use of 2.5% Natamycin, as Orally Administered Drops, in the Treatment of Fungal Infections of the Oral Cavity in Children with Chronic Blood Diseases

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rokicka-Milewska ◽  
D. Derulska ◽  
D. Lipnicki ◽  
A. Skrobowska-Woźniak ◽  
A. Moszczeńska
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Blood Diseases

A total of 34 children with oral candidiasis were treated with 2.5% natamycin in the form of orally administered drops; 6–20 drops applied to oral lesions four times daily for up to 8 weeks. A total cure was achieved in 28 (82.3%) cases. No side-effects were observed. This preparation was an effective treatment for Candida albicans infections in children with blood diseases, and was well tolerated.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF GARLIC AND PROPOLIS EXTRACTS AGAINST CANDIDAALBICANS WITH AMPHOTERICIN-B AS CONTROL - AN IN-VITRO STUDY.

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Annaji Sreedhar ◽  
Haritha T. V ◽  
Radhika. B* ◽  
Sreedevi Keeneri ◽  
Amit Walvekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Periodontitis Patient ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Introduction: -Oral candidiasis is an infection of oral cavity caused by an over growth of candida species. The proportions of yeast in the periodontal pockets are similar to some of periodontal bacteria, thus suggesting the possible role of Candida species in pathogenesis of periodontal pocket. The plant extract such as garlic and propolis, contain bioactive components which act against these organisms with no or less side effects than by the conventional antibiotics. Objectives: - To evaluate the efficacy of garlic and propolis extracts against candida albicans and compare it with Amphotericin-B as control at 3 different concentrations Methodology: - Subgingival plaque samples were collected and selectively cultivated for candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of propolis and garlic was assessed and compared with Amphotericin-B. Conclusion: Garlic extract can be used as a potent agent in the eradication of candida albicans in chronic periodontitis patient.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oil and Nystatin on Store Isolate of Candida species from HIV/AIDS Patients with Oral Candidiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Bernadya Yogatri Anjuwita ◽  
Iskandar Zulkarnain ◽  
Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan ◽  
Evy Ervianti ◽  
Rahmadewi Rahmadewi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Rosemary Essential Oil

Background: Oral candidiasis is caused by the mycotic activity of Candida albicans present in the oral cavity, and it is one of the most common opportunistic infections found in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The growing resistance and side effects to common antifungal drugs have promoted herbal essential oils as antifungal agents in recent years. In this study, essential oils (EO) of Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) were examined for in vitro antifungal activ­ity against Candida species. Purpose: To evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) and nystatin using the microdilution technique by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Candida spesies. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with a post-test-only design conducted in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya. Forty isolates consisted of twenty isolates of Candida albicans and twenty isolates of Candida non-albicans were collected. The isolates were tested for antifungal activity using the microdilution on 96-well plates. Result: There was a significant difference from the results of the MIC concentration of rosemary essential 100% to 6.25% microdilution method between nystatin and rosemary essential oil (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The antifungal activity of rosemary essential oil was better than nystatin that the lowest MIC value, which was 6.25%, has been obtained the microdilution method. The minimum fungicidal concentration of rosemary essential oil was 25%, while the minimum fungicidal concentration nystatin was higher than 100%.

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