scholarly journals Relevance of endosonography in diagnosis of tumor and pretumor pathology of the larynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goncha F Allakhverdieva ◽  
Galina T Sinyukova ◽  
Olga A Malikhova ◽  
Armen O Tumanian ◽  
Leonid V Cherkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Submucosal Layer ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Post Radiation

Aim. The study objective is studying the possibility of endosonography in the diagnosis of tumor and pretumor pathology of the larynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. Materials and methods. Endosonographic study was conducted in 20 patients with tumors and suspected tumors of the larynx, laryngopharynx and oropharynx. Results. The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) method was useful and important in determining the thickness and structure of the tumor, with hyperplasia of the lingual and palatine tonsils. Endosonographic picture of fibrous changes after surgery and post-radiation changes, lack of blood flow in the fibrous tissue and blurred contours gave additional information in the differential diagnosis of tumor and non-tumor changes. The results of the ultrasound examination performed in the standard B-mode for the presence of tumors, cysts and formations, suspicious of the tumor of the submucosal layer of the oropharynx and larynx, which were not determined by endoscopic examination, were confirmed. Conclusion. Obtaining a sonographic image simultaneously with endoscopic examination of the formations in the submucosal layer of the oropharynx and larynx will shorten the diagnostic algorithm of the study in patients with pathological changes in this area. The use of endosonography made it possible to confirm the data obtained by ultrasound examination in B-mode and which were not confirmed by endoscopic examination.

Transoral Endoscopic Examination of the Oropharynx With Tongue Protrusion, Phonation, and Open Mouth

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
RYOTA TOMIOKA ◽  
HIROKI SATO ◽  
ISAKU OKAMOTO ◽  
AKIRA SHIMIZU ◽  
KIYOAKI TSUKAHARA
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Tongue Protrusion ◽  
Transnasal Endoscopy ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
Open Mouth ◽  
Adjacent Mucosa ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background/Aim: We examined the diagnostic performance of the tongue protrusion with phonation and open mouth (TOPPOM) method for visualizing structures of the oropharynx. Patients and Methods: Transoral endoscopy was performed on 20 healthy participants to evaluate 12 oropharynx subsites under three conditions: open mouth (OM), phonation with open mouth (POM), and TOPPOM. Each subsite was scored from 0 to 2 depending on subsite visualization, and the scores were summed. Images of subsite-adjacent mucosa were similarly scored. Results: The total scores were significantly higher for TOPPOM than for POM and for POM than for OM. Such scores were observed for both the palatine arches, both palatine tonsils, the left lingual tonsillar sulcus, and the vallecula. Conclusion: TOPPOM enables visualization of the oropharynx through transoral endoscopic examination, and TOPPOM with conventional transnasal endoscopy may enable early detection of oropharyngeal carcinomas and lesions and improve the performance of pre- and post-treatment evaluations.

scholarly journals Clinical and morphological features of scar tissue of the uterus.

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
N.P. Goncharuk ◽  
N.R. Kovyda ◽  
O.O. Dyadyk ◽  
Y.S. Radkevich
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Uterine Scar ◽  
Group 1

One of the key issues for increase uterine scars is the rapid and unwarranted Caesarean sections (CS) as in the world same in Ukraine. One of the way to reduce CS is delivery truth vaginal births in women with previous surgical intervention on the uterus or after CS. The ability of scar on the uterus is the main criterion for an attempt to vaginal birth. Objectivе — to analyze the structural changes of the scar tissue of the uterus. Pathomorphological examination was fragments of uterus scar. The material was fixed in a 10% solution of neutral colored formalin (pH 7.4) carried out according to the standard procedure, poured into paraffin. From the paraffin blocks on the rotary microtome of HM 325, serial histological sections were made in a thickness of 4–5 microns, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Scar tissue was additionally stained for Van Gieson, according to Masson. Fragments of scar tissue were subjected to an immunohistochemical study (IGHS) using monoclonal antibodies (MATs) to CD31 to assess the degree of vascularization vascular component and α-SMA for assessing the condition smooth muscle tissue. Having conducted a comprehensive pathomorphological study in two groups, one can state that in group 1 the pathomorphological picture of the changes in the scar was minimal and confirmed by the retained proportions between the fibrous tissue and the smooth muscle fibers, as well as their characteristic location. Muscle fibers with minimal pathological changes, developed by compensatory changes from the side of the vascular complex. These data were confirmed by conducting IGHS from MAT to CD31, which gives a pronounced positive response in the endothelial layer of the vascular wall, forming continuous cell chains. IGHS from MAT to α-SMA exhibits pronounced homogeneous intensive expression, indicating minimal pathological changes in muscle fibers. These figures make it possible to talk about the ability of uterine scar in 61% in group 1, as opposed to in group 2, this result was only 41%. As a result of a comprehensive clinical and morphological study, it was found that the majority of women in group 1, according to the morphological and histological characteristics, had a capable scar on the uterus, that is, potentially could be considered as a reserve for vaginal birth in women with uterine scar after the previous CS. In the second group, a significant proportion of women confirmed the correlation of regenerative and degenerative changes in the tissues of postoperative scar, indicating prevalence of fibro-sclerotic changes and insufficient vascularization, that is, it states the validity of operational resolution.

scholarly journals Acute Bronchiolitis: Is There a Role for Lung Ultrasound?

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Mauro ◽  
Ammirabile ◽  
Quercia ◽  
Panza ◽  
Capozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction: Viral bronchiolitis is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in the first year of life, considered a health burden because of its morbidity and costs. Its diagnosis is based on history and physical examination and the role of radiographic examination is limited to atypical cases. Thus far, Lung Ultrasound (LUS) is not considered in the diagnostic algorithm for bronchiolitis. Methods: PubMed database was searched for trials reporting on lung ultrasound examination and involving infants with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Results: Eight studies were suitable. Conclusions: This review analyzed the current evidence about the potential usefulness of LUS in the clinical management of bronchiolitis. Literature supports a peculiar role of LUS in the evaluation of the affected children, considering it as a reliable imaging test that could benefit the clinical management of bronchiolitis.

Acoustic Analysis of Diplophonia: A Follow-up Report

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Terrio ◽  
Diane Schreibweiss-Merin
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ventricular Folds

Additional information on the physiology of the diplophonic speech produced by an adult female is provided. Direct endoscopic examination of the subject's laryngeal mechanism showed her diplophonia was produced by exerting differential tension on her vocal folds. The ventricular folds were not directly involved.

ON SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY ASSOCIATED WITH KIMMERLE ANOMALY

2005 ◽  
pp. 069-073
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Kuzmich Chertkov ◽  
Maksim Evgenyevich Klimov ◽  
Marina Valentinovna Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Intraoperative Monitoring ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A New Technique

Patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, which are frequent in neurological and neurosurgical practice, require a complex examination to reveal its ethiology and to perform a differential diagnostics. The study objective was to develop a diagnostic algorithm for detection of clinically significant forms of Kimmerle anomaly, and to introduce a new technique for surgical treatment under intraoperative monitoring of the vertebral artery decompression. When a patient with the Kimmerle anomaly shows a vertebrobasilar insufficiency, a comprehensive surgical policy includes a complex clinicalphysiological assessment of the vertebrobasilar basin (from vertebral arteries entrances up to the basilar artery and its branches). If any other pathology is excluded, the Kimmerle rings (foramen arcuale) are removed and hemodynamics in the vertebrobasilar basin is estimated by clinical and graphical Doppler methods.

scholarly journals ON THE LESIONS PRODUCED IN THE APPENDIX BY OXYURIS VERMICULARIS AND TRICHOCEPHALUS TRICHIURA

1912 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Cecil ◽  
Kenneth Bulkley
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Lymph Follicle ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Cellular Changes

1. In a study of 129 cases of appendicitis in children, we have found that in nineteen of them (15 per cent.) the appendix contained Oxyuris vermicularis or Trichocephalus trichiura. 2. The oxyuris is much the commoner of the two parasites, occurring seventeen times, while the trichocephalus was found only twice. 3. In fifteen out of the nineteen cases, the parasites were associated with a non-suppurative catarrhal type of appendicitis. If the four cases of catarrhal oxyuris appendicitis of adults be also included, it may be said that 83 per cent. of the cases of appendicitis associated with parasites have been of the catarrhal type. In the four remaining cases, the appendix was gangrenous. The cellular changes noted in the catarrhal cases have been distension of the crypts with mucus, hyperplasia of the lymph follicles, and in some cases, the presence of a few leukocytes in the muscularis and serosa. 4. In thirteen of the nineteen cases (70 per cent.), there have been noted, in addition to the cellular changes, certain lesions in the mucosa, unquestionably produced by the parasite. Of the six cases in which no specific lesions were demonstrated, the extensive gangrene in three of them might have obliterated specific lesions had they been present. Specific lesions were not demonstrated in any one of the four adult cases. 5. The oxyuris injures the mucosa by breaking through the lining epithelium and burrowing into the lymph follicles for a greater or less distance. Its invasion is usually accompanied by extravasation of blood into the surrounding lymphoid tissue, and its escape through the ruptured mucosa. In some cases, the oxyuris produces hemorrhagic ulcers in the mucous membrane, the edges of which are undermined and the bases formed by the submucosa. A characteristic feature of the oxyuris lesions is the absence of inflammatory reaction about them, except in those cases where there is secondary bacterial infection. 6. In some instances, the oxyuris may become encapsulated in the mucosa with fibrous tissue, and itself undergo hyaline degeneration. Such a process constitutes a healed oxyuris lesion. 7. The trichocephalus attacks the mucous membrane of the appendix in a manner similar to that described for the oxyuris, and there is the same absence of inflammation about the invading parasite. The trichocephalus, however, instead of invading a lymph follicle, shows a tendency to burrow along just beneath the columnar epithelium. 8. The conclusion to be drawn from these facts is that oxyuris and trichocephalus, when they occur in a diseased appendix, are, in most cases, the existing cause of the pathological changes found.

3D Ultrasound Examination of the Superficial Lymph Nodes - Does it Provide Additional Information?

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bialek ◽  
W Jakubowski ◽  
A Szczepanik ◽  
R Maryniak ◽  
R Bilski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Additional Information

scholarly journals Diagnostic algorithm for psoriatic arthritis in clinical practice of dermatologist

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria N. Chamurlieva ◽  
T. V Korotaeva ◽  
E. Yu Loginova ◽  
E. A Batkaev
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The study was carried out in 103 patients with psoriasis, who had the consultation of dermatologist and rheumatologist. Answers for 6 questions mPEST (Psoriasis Epydemiology Screening Tool) modified questionnaire were estimated, each positive answer corresponded to 1, PEST ≥ 3 was suggested the presence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), PEST < 3 was considered the absence of PsA. All the patients were examined by rheumatologist, the gold standard was CASPAR (ClASsification criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis) criteria. If necessary the instrumental tests were performed: roentgenography, ultrasound examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laboratory tests. At PEST ≥ 3 diagnosis of PsA was suspected in 60 (58.2%) of 103 patients. Diagnosis of PsA was confirmed by CASPAR criteria in 47 (45.6%) patients. mPEST less than 3 was in 43 (41.7%) of 103 patients. Diagnosis of PsA was absent by CASPAR criteria in 29 (67.4%) patients. Newly diagnosed PsA was in 32 (52.4%) of 61 patients. Any rheumatic disease, mainly PsA, can develop with psoriasis. mPEST questionnaire in most cases reveals PsA in early stage, however, its isolated use is insufficient to establish an accurate diagnosis, it requires a clear diagnostic algorithm of the disease, including consultation of rheumatologist, clinical and instrumental examination.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE AND PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN FASCIOLIASIS (FASCIOLA GIGANTICA) OF DOMESTICATED DEER

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
M Masuduzzaman ◽  
ML Raman ◽  
MA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Gross Examination

An investigation was carried out on incidence and pathology of fascioliasis in deer of Chittagong Zoo and some houses of Chittagong city during the period from January 2001 to June 2004. A total of 57 domesticated deer of various types were examined to diagnose the fascioliasis in Chittagong zoo and some house deer of Chittagong city. By faecal examination out of 44 cases 34 (77.3%) were positive for fascioliasis, of which, 15 (34.1%) cases were recorded in Chittra deer, 12 (27.3%) in Maya deer, 05 (11.4%) in Shambar deer and 02 (4.5%) in Nathrini deer. In post mortem examination, fascioliasis found in 13 (100%) cases, of which, 08 (61.5%) from Chittra deer and 05 (38.5%) from Maya deer. The overall incidence of fascioliasis in deer was 82.5%. In relation to sex the fasciolasis was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in female (82.6%) than male (71.4%) deer. The incidence of fascioliasis in various types of deer in relation to age was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in age group of above 2 years old than in age group below 2 years old. The gross examination revealed enlarged livers with round edges and thickened capsule with numerous haemorrhagic spots on the parietal surface (subacute form). In chronic form, the livers were cirrhotic and reduced in size. The affected intra-hepatic bile ducts were protruded and were engorged with flukes. Microscopically the migratory tracts were represented by the presence of haemorrhagic, oedema and infiltration with numerous eosinophils mixed with few lymphocytes. The wall of the bile ducts was thickened with fibrous tissue proliferation and the lining epithelium showed hyperplastic changes.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF LEUKOCYTE PARAMETERS IN THE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
D. V. Zhehestovska ◽  
M. V. Hrebenyk
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Stable Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Group 2

Background. Inflammation is one of the key players in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). One of the ways to evaluate it indirectly is to analyze leukocyte parameters of complete blood count (CBC), which is a routine and affordable method of diagnosis. Leukocyte counts can provide additional information about the course, as well as a potential prognosis for complications of AMI. We suggest that the dynamic changes of CBC during the treatment of the patients with AMI may be of value to assess the prognosis of the course of the disease, and therefore require further study. Objective. The aim of the study to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of leukocyte indexes of CBC, in particular the levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and N/L, WBC/MPV, PLT/L ratios in the patients with AMI at the time of hospitalization and on the 7th day of hospital stay. Methods. The study involved 204 individuals: 152 patients with AMI (Group 1), 30 patients with stable coronary heart disease (Group 2) and 24 healthy volunteers (Group 3). Hemogram parameters and their ratios, in particular the levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, ESR, as well as the ratios of N/L and PLT/L were studied. Results. Levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, as well as N/L, WBC/MPV, MPV/L ratios were significantly higher in the patients with AMI compared to other groups. The best diagnostic value had such indicators as the total number of leukocytes (sensitivity 71.7%, specificity 69.7%, AUC 0.794), the absolute number of granulocytes (sensitivity 81.7%, specificity 77.4%, AUC 0.803), the N/L ratio (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 71.7%, AUC 0.791) and the WBC/MPV ratio (sensitivity 76.7%, specificity 62.3%, AUC 0.760). The PLT/L ratio calculated on the 7th day of hospital stay correlated with the risk of in-hospital (r=0.369, p=0.002) and 6-month mortality (r=0.338, p=0.004) according to the GRACE score. Conclusions. Leukocytes, granulocytes, N/L and WBC/MPV ratios had a fairly high diagnostic value for the patients with AMI. Regarding the prognostic potential assessment, only the PLT/L ratio on the 7th day of hospitalization correlated with the risk of in-hospital and 6-month mortality. This proves the importance of assessing CBC parameters not only at the time of hospitalization, but also in the dynamics of AMI.

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