Microfluidic based Platform for drug screening-A review

There is a lot of requirement to develop a preclinical rapid drug screening devices to treat the throat cancerous patients in effective manner. Very High cost models like animal based, 2d and 3d type models are static drug screening models and they are unable to mimic the human body dynamic condition. So microfluidic platform based drug screening devices will give predetermined and prominent result in rapid drug screening by mimic dynamic body conditions. Now it is required to review what are the developments from last five years in screening the drug for cancer. Recently research is going on microfluidic platforms to screen the efficacy of mixed drugs, drug tolerance, and drug susceptibility. So this study presents the review on what are the advancements in microfluidic platforms for rapid drug screening and for different cancer patients. This study also presents what are the different sensing methodologies of microfluidic devices exists to screen the drug for various cancerous tissues

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Microtiter Plate-Based Microfluidic Platforms: Sealing, Leakage Testing, and Performance of a 96-Well SPRI Device

Microelectromechanical Systems ◽

10.1115/imece2006-15275 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

D. S. Park ◽

M. Hupert ◽

J. Guy ◽

P. Datta ◽

J.-B. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

Mold Insert ◽

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Thickness Variation ◽

Large Area ◽

Microfluidic Platforms ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Micro Molding ◽

Microtiter Plate Format

Highly parallelized biochemical analysis is a significant step toward achieving high throughput processing of patient samples for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The standard microtiter plate is used to carry out multiple reactions for high throughput screening. By incorporating polymer microfluidic devices at each well in the microtiter plate format, the capability of the format could be significantly enhanced for high throughput processing of large numbers of biochemical samples in a cost-effective manner. Low cost replication of the microtiter plates is done using micro molding techniques, so microfabrication technology for making large area mold inserts (LAMIs) containing microfluidic devices at each well of a microtiter plate format is needed. A large area mold insert (LAMI) in the footprint of the standard microtiter plate was fabricated using an SU-8 based UV-LIGA technique. Excellent lithography results, with vertical sidewalls, were obtained by utilizing flycutting to minimize SU-8 film thickness variation and a UV filter for attenuating high absorbance UV wavelengths. Overplating of nickel in the SU-8 polymeric molds was used to make high quality metallic mold inserts with vertical sidewalls. Micro molding of polycarbonate (PC) was done using hot embossing, resulting in good replication fidelity over the large surface area. Thermal fusion bonding of the molded PC chips yielded good sealing results and the developed polymer microfluidic platforms showed good fluidic uniformity.

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On-chip anticancer drug screening – Recent progress in microfluidic platforms to address challenges in chemotherapy

Biosensors and Bioelectronics ◽

10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 236-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Nandini Dhiman ◽

Peter Kingshott ◽

Huseyin Sumer ◽

Chandra S. Sharma ◽

Subha Narayan Rath

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Drug ◽

Drug Screening ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Microfluidic Platforms ◽

On Chip

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Gut-Ex-Vivo system as a model to study gluten response in celiac disease

Cell Death Discovery ◽

10.1038/s41420-021-00430-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mara Gagliardi ◽

Nausicaa Clemente ◽

Romina Monzani ◽

Luca Fusaro ◽

Eleonora Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Dynamic Condition ◽

Model Systems ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Junction Protein ◽

The Impact

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is a complex immune-mediated chronic disease characterized by a consistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract induced by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. Although initiated by the interaction between digestion-derived gliadin, a gluten component, peptides, and the intestinal epithelium, the disorder is highly complex and involving other components of the intestine, such as the immune system. Therefore, conventional model systems, mainly based on two- or three-dimension cell cultures and co-cultures, cannot fully recapitulate such a complex disease. The development of mouse models has facilitated the study of different interacting cell types involved in the disorder, together with the impact of environmental factors. However, such in vivo models are often expensive and time consuming. Here we propose an organ ex vivo culture (gut-ex-vivo system) based on small intestines from gluten-sensitive mice cultivated in a dynamic condition, able to fully recapitulate the biochemical and morphological features of the mouse model exposed to gliadin (4 weeks), in 16 h. Indeed, upon gliadin exposure, we observed: i) a down-regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and an up-regulation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) at both mRNA and protein levels; ii) increased intestinal permeability associated with deregulated tight junction protein expression; iii) induction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-15, IL-17 and interferon gamma (IFNγ); and iv) consistent alteration of intestinal epithelium/villi morphology. Altogether, these data indicate that the proposed model can be efficiently used to study the pathogenesis of CD, test new or repurposed molecules to accelerate the search for new treatments, and to study the impact of the microbiome and derived metabolites, in a time- and cost- effective manner.

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Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensors Integrated with Microfluidic Platforms for Biomedical, Agricultural and Food Analyses: A Review

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18124124 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 4124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fabiana Felix ◽

Alexandre Baccaro ◽

Lúcio Angnes

Keyword(s):

Quality Management ◽

Signal Amplification ◽

Screen Printing ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Strong Interactions ◽

Point Of Care Testing ◽

Microfluidic Platforms ◽

Broad Variety ◽

Interesting Alternative

Disposable immunosensors are analytical devices used for the quantification of a broad variety of analytes in different areas such as clinical, environmental, agricultural and food quality management. They detect the analytes by means of the strong interactions between antibodies and antigens, which provide concentration-dependent signals. For the herein highlighted voltammetric immunosensors, the analytical measurements are due to changes in the electrical signals on the surface of the transducers. The possibility of using disposable and miniaturized immunoassays is a very interesting alternative for voltammetric analyses, mainly, when associated with screen-printing technologies (screen-printed electrodes, SPEs), and microfluidic platforms. The aim of this paper is to discuss a carefully selected literature about different examples of SPEs-based immunosensors associated with microfluidic technologies for diseases, food, agricultural and environmental analysis. Technological aspects of the development of the voltammetric immunoassays such as the signal amplification, construction of paper-based microfluidic platforms and the utilization of microfluidic devices for point-of-care testing will be presented as well.

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Cost Issues in Digitalization and Preservation

Digital Libraries and Institutional Repositories ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2463-3.ch003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 45-58

Author(s):

Ada Chi Wai Chung

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Digital Preservation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Small Scale ◽

Cost Models ◽

Effective Strategy ◽

Cost Effective Strategy ◽

Open Archival Information System ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Migration Strategies

For many projects, resources are always limited. Hence, there is often a need to allocate resources in a most cost-effective manner. There are some cost models developed as guidelines on how to estimate the costs of digitalization and preservation of information in a comparatively more accurate way. By knowing the factors which affecting those costs, it will be easier to find a cost-effective strategy for digital preservation. Among different migration strategies proposed by researchers, in this article the migration in the framework of Open Archival Information System (OAIS) will be studied. This is applied to the case of this small-scale music library, Melos Music Library in El Parnaso Centre in Uruguay.

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Skin-interfaced microfluidic devices with one-opening chambers and hydrophobic valves for sweat collection and analysis

Lab on a Chip ◽

10.1039/d0lc00400f ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 2635-2645 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yingxue Zhang ◽

Yao Chen ◽

Jielong Huang ◽

Yangchengyi Liu ◽

Jinfeng Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Microfluidic Platforms ◽

Sweat Loss ◽

Essential Insight ◽

Insight Into ◽

Sweat Collection

Soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic platforms are capable of capturing, storing, and assessing sweat chemistry and total sweat loss, which provides essential insight into human physiological health.

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The 3D Tele Motion Tracking for the Orthodontic Facial Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/4932136 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stefano Mummolo ◽

Alessandro Nota ◽

Enrico Marchetti ◽

Giuseppe Padricelli ◽

Giuseppe Marzo

Keyword(s):

Motion Tracking ◽

Dynamic Testing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cephalometric Analysis ◽

Facial Analysis ◽

The Face ◽

The Mean ◽

2D And 3D ◽

Very High ◽

Posterior Anterior

Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of 3D-TMT, previously used only for dynamic testing, in a static cephalometric evaluation. Material and Method. A group of 40 patients (20 males and 20 females; mean age 14.2±1.2 years; 12–18 years old) was included in the study. The measurements obtained by the 3D-TMT cephalometric analysis with a conventional frontal cephalometric analysis were compared for each subject. Nine passive markers reflectors were positioned on the face skin for the detection of the profile of the patient. Through the acquisition of these points, corresponding plans for three-dimensional posterior-anterior cephalometric analysis were found. Results. The cephalometric results carried out with 3D-TMT and with traditional posterior-anterior cephalometric analysis showed the 3D-TMT system values are slightly higher than the values measured on radiographs but statistically significant; nevertheless their correlation is very high. Conclusion. The recorded values obtained using the 3D-TMT analysis were correlated to cephalometric analysis, with small but statistically significant differences. The Dahlberg errors resulted to be always lower than the mean difference between the 2D and 3D measurements. A clinician should use, during the clinical monitoring of a patient, always the same method, to avoid comparing different millimeter magnitudes.

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CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF 2D AND 3D FEATURES EXTRACTED FROM UAV DATA

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-317-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol III-3 ◽

pp. 317-324

Author(s):

C. M. Gevaert ◽

C. Persello ◽

R. Sliuzas ◽

G. Vosselman

Keyword(s):

Point Cloud ◽

Informal Settlement ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Classification Problems ◽

Roof Material ◽

Topographic Features ◽

Urban Scene ◽

2D And 3D ◽

Very High

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are capable of providing very high resolution and up-to-date information to support informal settlement upgrading projects. In order to provide accurate basemaps, urban scene understanding through the identification and classification of buildings and terrain is imperative. However, common characteristics of informal settlements such as small, irregular buildings with heterogeneous roof material and large presence of clutter challenge state-of-the-art algorithms. Especially the dense buildings and steeply sloped terrain cause difficulties in identifying elevated objects. This work investigates how 2D radiometric and textural features, 2.5D topographic features, and 3D geometric features obtained from UAV imagery can be integrated to obtain a high classification accuracy in challenging classification problems for the analysis of informal settlements. It compares the utility of pixel-based and segment-based features obtained from an orthomosaic and DSM with point-based and segment-based features extracted from the point cloud to classify an unplanned settlement in Kigali, Rwanda. Findings show that the integration of 2D and 3D features leads to higher classification accuracies.

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LiDAR-Based System and Optical VHR Data for Building Detection and Mapping

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20051285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Silvia Liberata Ullo ◽

Chiara Zarro ◽

Konrad Wojtowicz ◽

Giuseppe Meoli ◽

Mariano Focareta

Keyword(s):

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Case Studies ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Lidar Data ◽

Building Detection ◽

The Earth ◽

Areas Of Interest ◽

2D And 3D ◽

3D Lidar ◽

Very High

The aim of this paper is to highlight how the employment of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technique can enhance greatly the performance and reliability of many monitoring systems applied to the Earth Observation (EO) and Environmental Monitoring. A short presentation of LiDAR systems, underlying their peculiarities, is first given. References to some review papers are highlighted, as they can be regarded as useful guidelines for researchers interested in using LiDARs. Two case studies are then presented and discussed, based on the use of 2D and 3D LiDAR data. Some considerations are done on the performance achieved through the use of LiDAR data combined with data from other sources. The case studies show how the LiDAR-based systems, combined with optical Very High Resolution (VHR) data, succeed in improving the analysis and monitoring of specific areas of interest, specifically how LiDAR data help in exploring external environment and extracting building features from urban areas. Moreover the discussed Case Studies demonstrate that the use of the LiDAR data, even with a low density of points, allows the development of an automatic procedure for accurate building features extraction, through object-oriented classification techniques, therefore by underlying the importance that even simple LiDAR-based systems play in EO and Environmental Monitoring.

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