Surgical Treatment Outcome of Salivary Gland Tumors

Background: Salivary gland neoplasms constitute a group of heterogeneous lesions with complex clinicopathologic characteristics and distinct biological behavior. Numerous studies have suggested geographical variation, therefore the aims of this study were to analyze the characteristics of salivary gland neoplasms in two Iraqi centers and to analyze the postoperative complications that are encountered after surgical treatment of these tumors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of the patients who were treated for major and minor epithelial salivary gland tumors was conducted. The analyzed data included; demographic information (age and gender), the site of the tumor, the clinical manifestations, the histological type of the tumor, the type of the treatment and the postoperative complications. Results: Fifty seven patients were included in this study. The parotid gland was involved in most patients (n=37, 64.9%). Thirty five patients (61.4%) had benign tumors while 22 patients (38.6%) had malignant tumors. The mean age of patients with malignant tumors was 52.05 (±17.3) while of patients diagnosed with benign tumors was 41.6 (±11.4) years, the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.008). Surgical treatment consisted of superficial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy, surgical excision of the submandibular gland, surgical excision of minor salivary glands and maxillectomy. The most common complication was weakness of one or multiple branches of the facial nerve, complications were significantly associated with patients’ age, whereas gender and type of tumor whether benign or malignant did not affect the complication rate Conclusions: benign salivary gland tumors are more common than malignant tumors with no gender predilection and that patients who are diagnosed with malignant tumors are significantly older that patients with benign tumors, parotid gland is the most commonly affected gland with pleomorphic adenoma as the most frequent diagnosis. Facial nerve dysfunction was the most common complication and the complication rate was significantly associated with the age of patients.

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Epidemiologic Characteristics of Salivary Gland Tumors in an Iranian Population

Shiraz E-Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/semj.107675 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Nafise Shamloo ◽

Alireza Ghanadan ◽

Fahimeh Sadat Hashemian ◽

Maedeh Ghorbanpour

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

The Body ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adenoid Cystic

Background: Salivary gland tumors include a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region. Although these tumors are not common, they are not rare. The prevalence of these tumors varies with regard to age, gender, and their location in the body. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in patients referred to three referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the demographic and pathologic records of the patients with salivary gland tumors submitted to the Department of Pathology of Amir Alam, Loghman Hakim, and Shohada Hospitals from 2005 to 2016. In this study, the histological variants of salivary gland tumors and clinical parameters such as age, gender, and the location of the tumor were examined. The clinical data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: Of 137632 patient records, 1180 cases were salivary gland tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma in 794 cases (67.3%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma in 109 cases (9.2%) were the most common tumors, respectively. Salivary gland tumors were more common in males, and the participants’ mean age was 42.86 ± 16.5 years. The most common site was parotid and minor salivary glands, with 937 (79.4%) and 137 (12%) cases, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, the most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland, and the most common malignant tumor was adenoid cystic carcinoma in the major salivary glands. Furthermore, benign tumors were more frequent than malignant tumors.

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Dendritic Interstitial and Myofibroblastic Cells at the Border of Salivary Gland Tumors

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2001-125-0232-diamca ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 232-236

Author(s):

Lori Soma ◽

Virginia A. LiVolsi ◽

Zubair W. Baloch

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Interstitial Cells ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Muscle Actin

Abstract Objective.—CD34-positive dendritic interstitial cells may be associated with the regulation of tumor growth. This association has been studied in various human neoplasms, especially skin tumors. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of dendritic interstitial cells and myofibroblastic cells at the tumor periphery of various benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Methods.—Forty-nine cases of salivary gland tumors were selected: 16 pleomorphic adenomas, 12 Warthin tumors, 8 polymorphous low-grade tumors, 5 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 6 acinic cell carcinomas, and 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed by using antibodies for CD34 (dendritic cells) and α-smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue. Staining intensity was graded as marked (3+), moderate (2+), weak (1+), and absent (0). Results.—Staining intensity for CD34 was 3+ in 24 (86%) of 28 benign tumors (pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors) and 6 (29%) of 21 malignant tumors (polymorphous low-grade tumors, acinic cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and mucoepidermoid carcinomas) and 2+ in 4 (19%) of 21 malignant tumors. None of the benign tumors displayed 2+ staining with CD34. Three (11%) of 28 benign and 11 (52%) of 21 of malignant tumors failed to stain with CD34. α-Smooth muscle actin staining was 3+ in 10 (36%) of 28 benign tumors and 6 (29%) of 21 malignant tumors, and 2+ in 11 (39%) of 28 benign and 2 (9%) of 21 malignant tumors. Five (18%) of 28 benign and 11 (52%) of 21 malignant tumors failed to stain with α-smooth muscle actin. Conclusion.—We conclude that the dendritic interstitial cells and myofibroblastic cells may be associated with the regulation of tumor growth in salivary gland tumors.

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Surgical treatment of benign parotid gland tumors in the years 2014–2018 at the ENT department of Hospital České Budějovice, a.s.

Otorinolaryngologie a foniatrie ◽

10.48095/ccorl202182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 82-88

Author(s):

Hana Zapletalová ◽

Martin Kuchař ◽

Lubor Mrzena

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Facial Nerve ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Histological Structure ◽

Warthin’S Tumor ◽

Parotid Gland Tumors ◽

Warthin's Tumor ◽

Keywords Parotid Gland

ntroduction: Salivary tumors represent a heterogeneous group of tumors of diverse location, histological structure and bio logical behavior. The purpose of this study was a retrospective evaluation of surgical treatment of a group of patients with newly dia gnosed benign tumors of the parotid salivary gland operated in the years 2014–2018 at the ENT department of Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. Material and methods: A type of surgery, defi nitive histology, postoperative complications and a number of recurrences were monitored. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistical methods. Results: A total of 190 surgeries with benign histological fi ndings in 182 patients were performed. The most common benign result was Warthin‘s tumor (90 cases, 47.4%), followed by pleomorphic adenoma (66 cases, 34.7%). Uncommon histological types of tumors were dia gnosed in 14 patients (7.4%). Non-tumorous fi ndings were found in 20 cases (10.5%). The most frequently performed procedure in 84 cases (44.2%) was extracapsular extirpation. Transient lesion in the area of innervation of the temporofacial and / or cervicofacial branch of the facial nerve was present in 34 (17.9%) patients. Permanent paresis of some of the branches of the facial nerve was reported in 2 (1.1%) patients. In 12 patients, the postoperative course was complicated by the development of salivary fi stula (6.3%). Pleomorphic adenoma relapsed after extracapsular extirpation in 5 cases (20.0%). After partial parotidectomy, one recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma (3.6%) was recorded. Warthin‘s tumor relapsed after simple extirpation in 4 cases (20.0%). Conclusion: Our evaluation results of the surgical treatment of benign parotid gland tumors lead us to make further eff orts improve the care of our patients. We see reserves mainly in the routine use of ultrasonographic examination with performance FNAC and thus planning a safe and suffi ciently radical operational solution. Keywords: parotid gland – pleomorphic adenoma – Warthin‘s tumor – parotidectomy – recurrence – facial nerve paresis – FNAC

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Characteristics of 5015 Salivary Gland Neoplasms Registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry over a Period of 39 Years

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8050566 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 566 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Sentani ◽

Ikuko Ogawa ◽

Kotaro Ozasa ◽

Atsuko Sadakane ◽

Mai Utada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Large Scale ◽

Tumor Tissue ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Salivary Gland Neoplasms ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Adjusted Incidence

Salivary gland neoplasms are uncommon, and their epidemiology in Japan has not been well described. We conducted a retrospective review of salivary gland tumors registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry over a period of 39 years. The subjects were 5015 cases ranging in age from 6 to 97 (mean, 54.3) years old. The incidence of both benign tumors and malignant tumors increased with age until 60–69 years and then declined. Among the 5015 salivary gland neoplasms, 3998 (80%) were benign and 1017 (20%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most frequent benign tumor (68%), followed by Warthin tumor (26%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) (27%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (26%) were the two most frequent malignant tumors. Characteristically, there was a very low incidence of polymorphous adenocarcinoma in Japan. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population was 3.3 for benign tumors and 0.8 for malignant tumors. This is the large-scale multi-institutional analysis to describe the characteristics of salivary gland neoplasms, based on the pathological tissue registry data. We hope that the present data can contribute to early diagnosis and effective treatment of salivary gland tumors and to cancer prevention.

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Major salivary gland tumors in children — diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-012-0030-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 624-627

Author(s):

Rafal Zielinski ◽

Anna Zakrzewska

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Major Salivary Gland ◽

Tumor Treatment ◽

Total Parotidectomy ◽

Operational Methods

AbstractMajor salivary gland tumors are very rare in the developmental period. Confirming tumor changes of the salivary gland requires precise diagnostic imaging involving an ultrasonography scan, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. A needle aspiration biopsy (NAB) of a tumor is of high importance. Excision of the tumor is the main treatment method in the case of parotid gland tumors. Statistical data concerning tumors suggest choosing less invasive methods, which seems very logical in children. The operational methods used in the tumor treatment are: extracapsular excision of a tumor, partial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy, sometimes proceeded with lymphatic nodes operations. Extracapsular excision of a tumor is a noninvasive method chosen because of simplicity and lesser risk of serious complications. This method is reserved only for the cases of benign tumors of the gland. Most authors, however, consider a partial parotidectomy as a method of choice in benign tumor cases and a total parotidectomy in cases of carcinomas of the parotid gland. Submandibular gland tumors need total gland excision. The clinical cases presented in this paper show the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment choices in cases of major salivary gland tumors in children.

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Cardiac masses due to tumors (diagnosis, clinical manifestations and surgical treatment)

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj1985 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 806-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D L Kranin

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Cardiac Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Valvular Heart Diseases ◽

Cardiac Myxomas

Aim. To summarize the experience on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary benign and malignant cardiac tumors. Methods. The paper describes 37 clinical observations of endocavitary primary benign and malignant cardiac tumors: 26 (70.3%) cases of cardiac myxoma, 5 (13.5%) - rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 (5.4%) - angiosarcoma, 1 (2.7% ) - leiomyosarcoma, 1 (2.7%) - fibrosarcoma, 1 (2.7%) - liposarcoma. Patients were 15 (40.5%) males and 22 (59.5%) females aged 18 to 65 years. Endocavitary cardiac tumors were diagnosed by noninvasive tests: echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. Results. Patients with primary benign and malignant cardiac tumors had variable clinical manifestations. Symptoms of astenoneurotic syndrome, auscultatory and cardiophonographic signs simulating acquired or congenital valvular heart diseases, which often have a positional relationship; low-grade fever of unknown origin, weight loss were registered. Paraneoplastic syndrome was characterized by an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, monocytosis, dysproteinemia, polycythemia, hypochromic anemia, increased levels of C-reactive protein. Surgical excision of 25 cardiac myxomas and 8 malignant tumors of the heart was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass, pharmacological cardioplegia and general hypothermia. In 1 case the tumor resection was combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. In 3 patients suffering from malignant tumors, explorative thoracotomy was performed. Surgical revision, emergency and planned microscopic studies of removed cardiac tumors allowed to establish the final clinical diagnosis. Hospital mortality among patients operated for cardiac myxomas was 4.0%, for cardiac malignant tumors - 27.3%. Conclusion. Timely surgical treatment of patients with primary cardiac benign tumors (myxomas) leads to recovery and is accompanied by a relatively low mortality; better results of patients with cardiac endocavitary tumors treatment depend on the early detection and timely radical surgical excision.

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Evaluation of salivary gland tumors- clinically radiologically and pathologically: prospective study

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20211178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 575

Author(s):

Namita Mishra ◽

Neeta Sharma

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Aspiration Cytology ◽

Fine Needle ◽

Needle Aspiration Cytology

Background: Salivary gland tumors are difficult to differentiate based solely on clinical presentation or cytological findings due to their overlapping pictures. Often inadequate samples from cytology pose a challenge in preoperative diagnosis. Histopathology is considered the gold standard in diagnosing these tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical, radiological, and cytological findings of these tumors and to assess the accuracy of these results with that of histopathological diagnosis.Methods: Prospectively 52 patients with salivary gland swellings were enrolled between 2007-2009. Cases with inflammatory swelling were excluded from the study. Demographic, clinical history, preoperatively ultrasonography, cytology, and histopathological data were collected and analyzed.Results: Most cases (65.38%) had parotid gland involvement. Benign tumors were common (80.76%) with pleomorphic adenoma as the most common one. Malignant tumors comprised 19.23%. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were common malignant tumors. Local swelling was the most common clinical presentation, and no facial nerve involvement was reported. The hard palate was the most common minor salivary gland affected predominantly by benign tumors. The diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology was 96.15%, followed by clinical and radiological diagnostic accuracy of 92.31% and 86.54%, respectively. Using McNemar's test, a significant agreement was found between clinical and histological diagnosis (p=0.1336) and between FNAC and histological diagnosis (p=0.4975).Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a highly accurate, sensitive, and specific screening technique. It is safe and reliable, though minimally invasive. Ultrasonography-guided cytology along with clinical, and radiological findings could enhance the pre-operative diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing salivary gland tumors.

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Histopathologic Profile of Salivary Gland Tumors among Specimens from a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4898 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (230) ◽

Author(s):

Dilasma Ghartimagar ◽

Arnab Ghosh ◽

Manish Kiran Shrestha ◽

Sushma Thapa ◽

Om Prakash Talwar

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are rare, comprising about 3% of all head and neck neoplasms. About 80% of the tumors are in parotids, 10% in submandibular glands and the remainders are distributed in sublingual and minor salivary glands. This study was conducted to evaluate the relative frequencies, types, site of distribution and the histopathological features of salivary gland tumors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara from January 2011 to December 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee of Manipal College of Medical Sciences (Ref: 314). Convenient sampling was done among specimen. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: Among the 130 specimens, the patients’ age ranged from 6 to 78 years with a mean age of 37.26 years for benign tumors and 48.45 years for malignant tumors. There was female predominance with a male to female ratio of 1:1.36. There were 98 cases of benign tumors, commonest being pleomorphic adenoma with 82 (83.67%) cases which was noticed more frequently in fourth decade of life. Among the 32 malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest tumor 20 (62.5%), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma 7 (23.33%). Conclusions: Benign salivary gland tumors were more common than malignant tumors and the most common site of location was the parotid for both the benign and malignant tumors. Female outnumbered the male population in benign tumors whereas males were slightly more than females in malignant tumors. This study corroborated well with other previously published studies.

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RANK and RANKL Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561320930640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

pp. 475-480

Author(s):

Figen Aslan ◽

Ülkü Küçük

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Rankl Expression ◽

Positive Expression ◽

Receptor Activator

Objectives: The pathogenesis and molecular basis of salivary gland tumors (SGT) are not well understood. We investigated the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL) in benign and malignant SGTs and their relationship with clinicopathological features. Methods: Fifty malignant and 38 benign SGTs were analyzed in this study. We evaluated the correlation between RANK and RANKL expression and benign and malignant tumors, as well as the correlation between clinicopathological prognostic parameters and RANK and RANKL expression. Results: Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB was positive in 82% (41) malignant SGTs and in 34.2% (13) benign SGTs. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand was expressed in 28% (14) malignant and 5.3% (2) benign tumors. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB and RANKL expression were significantly different between benign and malignant SGTs ( P < .001, P = .006, respectively). However, a relationship was not found between positive expression of RANK or RANKL and clinicopathological features. Conclusions: In our study, RANK and RANKL expression was found to be higher in malignant SGTs compared to benign SGTs and RANK was more sensitive than RANKL. In addition, RANK and RANKL expression was higher in some malignant histological subtypes. Based on these results, we think that RANK and RANKL expression in SGTs and its potential as a target for treatment should continue to be investigated.

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Comprehensive Loss of Heterozygosity Analysis and Identification of a Novel Hotspot at 3p21 in Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2007.01.017 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 119-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Noriyasu Honjo ◽

Mehmet Gunduz ◽

Kunihiro Fukushima ◽

Beyhan Cengiz ◽

Levent B. Beder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Loss Of Heterozygosity ◽

Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Salivary Gland Neoplasms ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Suppressor Genes

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles of 3p, 6q, 8q, 10q, 12q, 13q, and 17p and to identify the tumor suppressor genes involved in salivary gland neoplasms. STUDY DESIGN: LOH analysis was performed using 26 microsatellite markers by polymerase chain reaction—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method in 20 benign and 6 malignant salivary gland tumors. RESULTS: Overall, LOH was detected in at least one informative locus in 18 of 20 (90%) of benign tumors and in all of 6 cases of malignant tumors. High LOH frequencies were revealed at the loci D3S1307 (22%, 3p26), D3S966 (41%, 3p21), D6S255 (27%, 6q25), D8S166 (25%, 8q12), D8S199 (21%, 8q24), and D10S1765 (28%, 10q23) in benign tumors, defining the hotspot regions for putative tumor suppressor genes. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The hotspot regions defined by the present study suggest that new tumor suppressor genes related to the development of salivary gland tumors may reside at several chromosomal loci, including loci at 3p, 6q, 8q and 10q.

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