scholarly journals PESTICIDAL POTENTIAL OF ETHNOBOTANICALLY IMPORTANT PLANTS IN NEPAL – A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Pravin Budhathoki ◽  
Pushpa Gnawali ◽  
Divya Baral ◽  
Amita Gyawal
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Sweet Flag ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Pests are considered a major problem in agriculture as they cause a various degree of losses. The use of synthetic pesticides to control these pests has resulted in pest resurgences, pest resistance, environmental degradation and lethal effect to non-target organisms in the agro-ecosystems. To minimize or replace the use of synthetic pesticides, botanical pesticides are important alternatives. They possess a toxic effect against pest including repellent, antifeedant and antibiosis effect against insect growth. In Nepal, among 5,345 species of flowering plants, 324 species have pesticidal properties. Some of the botanicals like Neem, Tobacco, Sweet flag, Garlic, Mint, Ginger, Artemisia, Sichuan pepper, Adhatoda, Basil, Drum-stick, Jatropha, Polygonum, Lantana, Chinaberry etc are widely used in pest management and many types of research have been done to explore the potential of these botanicals. This study aims to review the insecticidal potential of these important ethnobotanical plants. The biopesticides made from these botanicals were found to be effective against various pests. However, efficacy was found to be variable and often lower than that of synthetic pesticides.

scholarly journals Botanical Pesticides: Use of Plants in pest management

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Nitin Sharma ◽  
Seema Ramniwas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Plants play a vital role in human life since the beginning of life on earth. Plants are not only directly used as a feed and fodder for humans and animals but are also used as drugs, food additives, pesticides, in flavor and fragrances and dye and pigments. The plants produce compounds for their growth and development and also produce secondary metabolites which provide additional properties to plants. These secondary metabolites produced by plant are responsible for these activities. Plants as a whole or in extracts/fractions form have been used as pesticides for protection of plants since thousands of years. Pyrethrum, neem, rotenone are such plants which has been used in many cultures and traditions for crop protection since ages and hold relevance in today’s world as well. The plant extracts contain secondary metabolites which provide protection to plants against pests by either causing mortality of pests or act as repellent to them. They can also impact pests by causing anti-feedancy, toxicity, alters insects behavior during oviposition and mating and inhibition of progeny emergence in pests. Essential oils isolated from the plants have also pesticidal properties. Lemongrass essential oil, Citronella essential oils, Tea tree essential oils and Oregano essential oils are the commonly used essential oils against the pests. In this review, botanical pesticides are discussed and their role in pest management and their advantageous over synthetic pesticides in terms of biodegradability, posing no or low risk to humans, environment and non-target organisms. Also, the future of botanical pesticides is discussed where they can be an alternative to synthetic pesticides if more research is done on their stability, efficacy, safety, modes of action, cost reduction is done.

Integrated Pest Management — How to do It?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Ausher
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Control Failures ◽  
Intensive Control

Protection of crop and ornamental plants from noxious organisms — insects, nematodes, mites, pathogens and weeds — is indispensable to modern agriculture. Despite intensive control efforts, about 50% of the world's crops are lost to these organisms, at an estimated annual cost of about 400 billion dollars. Ever since the advent of synthetic pesticides in the 1940s, modern crop protection has been largely based on chemical control. Pesticide expenditures are about 20% of total farming input costs, although this figure varies substantially according to crop and region. Mounting environmental concerns and pest control failures have made It increasingly clear that the use of toxic pesticides In agriculture should be drastically reduced all over the world.

Environmental degradation of the insect growth regulator methoprene

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Quistad ◽  
Luana E. Staiger ◽  
David A. Schooley
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Growth

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Industrial Effluents and sub-metropolitan Sewage of Biratnagar on Germination and seedling growth of Rice and Blackgram

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhabindra Niroula
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Power House ◽  
Industry Effluent

Comparative effects of effluents from six major industries viz. Diesel Power House, Hetaunda Iron and Steel, Hulas Wire, Himalaya Soap and Chemicals, Leather Industry, Shah Udyog and sub-metropolitan Sewage of Biratnagar on germination and seedling growth of rice and black gram were studied. Effluent of Himalaya Soap and Chemicals showed toxic lethal effect on both the test crops. On germination rice remained more sensitive and susceptible to the toxic effects of industrial effluents but black gram proved to be more tolerant. Effluents of Diesel power House and Shah Udyog remained toxic for seedling growth of black gram as their effects were significant while Leather Industry effluent showed toxic effect on rice for germination as well as seedling growth. Keywords: Industrial effluents, Sewage, Germinationdoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.296Our Nature (2003) 1: 10-14

scholarly journals Prospects of botanical pesticides for the future in pest management.

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
hala mahfouz ◽  
Mawahab Mahmoud ◽  
Rasha Essam
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
The Future

The influence of thyme and pennyroyal essential oils, found to be effective as acaricides against the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), on occurrence of taint in hens’ eggs

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
T Smith ◽  
D George ◽  
O Sparagano ◽  
R Shiel ◽  
C Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Preceding Work ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Conventional pest management (the use of synthetic pesticides) is being increasingly hampered by issues of pest resistance, tighter legislation and greater consumer demand for food stuffs produced in an environmentally friendly manner. A growing body of research suggests that essential oils may be of use as an alternative to synthetic products in managing the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), a serious pest of egg production systems for laying hens (Kim et al., 2004). It is necessary to ensure that any essential oil recommended as an acaricide against this pest does not taint the eggs produced from hens in poultry units in which the oil would be deployed. The aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that thyme and pennyroyal essential oils, having been found to be effective as acaricides for D. gallinae in preceding work, would have no effect on the occurrence of taint in hens’ eggs.

Bioactivity of Cinnamomum cassia （Laurales：lauraceae） Bark Extract on Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: anobiidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2065-2068
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Lü ◽  
Xin Hong Su ◽  
Yue Guang Du
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Lasioderma Serricorne ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Exposure Dosage ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

The bioactivity of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract was investigated on eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of Lasioderma serricorne. C. cassia bark extract had potent fumigant toxicity against different developing stages of L. serricorne, and the toxicity increased significantly with the increasing exposure dosage. Larvae and adults of L. serricorne were much more susceptible to the C. cassia bark extract than eggs and pupae. The corrected mortality of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults reached 33.42%, 96.21%, 31.75% and 93.68% at a dosage of 40 µL/L air after 48 h exposure, respectively. The declining order of susceptibility of different development stages of L. serricorne to C. cassia bark extract was as follows: larvae（LD50= 10.12 µL/L air）, adults（LD50= 11.03 µL/L air）, pupae（LD50= 56.46 µL/L air）and eggs（LD50= 92.35 µL/L air）. These results indicate that C. cassia bark extract have huge potential as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for the integrated pest management of L. serricorne in future.

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