scholarly journals Botanical Pesticides: Use of Plants in pest management

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Nitin Sharma ◽  
Seema Ramniwas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Plants play a vital role in human life since the beginning of life on earth. Plants are not only directly used as a feed and fodder for humans and animals but are also used as drugs, food additives, pesticides, in flavor and fragrances and dye and pigments. The plants produce compounds for their growth and development and also produce secondary metabolites which provide additional properties to plants. These secondary metabolites produced by plant are responsible for these activities. Plants as a whole or in extracts/fractions form have been used as pesticides for protection of plants since thousands of years. Pyrethrum, neem, rotenone are such plants which has been used in many cultures and traditions for crop protection since ages and hold relevance in today’s world as well. The plant extracts contain secondary metabolites which provide protection to plants against pests by either causing mortality of pests or act as repellent to them. They can also impact pests by causing anti-feedancy, toxicity, alters insects behavior during oviposition and mating and inhibition of progeny emergence in pests. Essential oils isolated from the plants have also pesticidal properties. Lemongrass essential oil, Citronella essential oils, Tea tree essential oils and Oregano essential oils are the commonly used essential oils against the pests. In this review, botanical pesticides are discussed and their role in pest management and their advantageous over synthetic pesticides in terms of biodegradability, posing no or low risk to humans, environment and non-target organisms. Also, the future of botanical pesticides is discussed where they can be an alternative to synthetic pesticides if more research is done on their stability, efficacy, safety, modes of action, cost reduction is done.

scholarly journals Review on the Bio-insecticidal Properties of Some Plant Secondary Metabolites: Types, Formulations, Modes of Action, Advantages and Limitations

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-60
Author(s):  
Ukoroije, Rosemary Boate ◽  
Otayor, Richard Abalis
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Bio-pesticides are biological derived agents that are usually applied in a manner similar to synthetic pesticides but achieve pest management in an environmental friendly way. Bioinsecticides have the advantages of been reportedly eco-friendly both to man and the environment, are target specific, lack problem of residue, least persistent in environment, locally available, easily processed and inexpensive, though with the limitation of requiring repeated applications for the achievement of optimal control of insect pests while enhancing crop protection. The mode of action of bioinsecticides on insects includes repellent action, antifeedant activity, oviposition deterrent properties, growth and development inhibition, toxicity, attractants, sterility and death. Hence, bioinsecticides can be included in integrated pest management programs for crop protection and insect pest control. The review on biopesticidal properties of some plant secondary metabolites in the leaves, stems, bark, fruits, flowers, cloves, rhizomes, grains and seeds of plants and their interference with the growth, feeding, reproduction of insect pestsfor pest management has been elaborated.

Integrated Pest Management — How to do It?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Ausher
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Control Failures ◽  
Intensive Control

Protection of crop and ornamental plants from noxious organisms — insects, nematodes, mites, pathogens and weeds — is indispensable to modern agriculture. Despite intensive control efforts, about 50% of the world's crops are lost to these organisms, at an estimated annual cost of about 400 billion dollars. Ever since the advent of synthetic pesticides in the 1940s, modern crop protection has been largely based on chemical control. Pesticide expenditures are about 20% of total farming input costs, although this figure varies substantially according to crop and region. Mounting environmental concerns and pest control failures have made It increasingly clear that the use of toxic pesticides In agriculture should be drastically reduced all over the world.

The influence of thyme and pennyroyal essential oils, found to be effective as acaricides against the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), on occurrence of taint in hens’ eggs

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
T Smith ◽  
D George ◽  
O Sparagano ◽  
R Shiel ◽  
C Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Preceding Work ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Conventional pest management (the use of synthetic pesticides) is being increasingly hampered by issues of pest resistance, tighter legislation and greater consumer demand for food stuffs produced in an environmentally friendly manner. A growing body of research suggests that essential oils may be of use as an alternative to synthetic products in managing the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), a serious pest of egg production systems for laying hens (Kim et al., 2004). It is necessary to ensure that any essential oil recommended as an acaricide against this pest does not taint the eggs produced from hens in poultry units in which the oil would be deployed. The aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that thyme and pennyroyal essential oils, having been found to be effective as acaricides for D. gallinae in preceding work, would have no effect on the occurrence of taint in hens’ eggs.

scholarly journals Acaricidal, Insecticidal, and Nematicidal Efficiency of Essential Oils Isolated from the Satureja Genus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6050
Author(s):  
Asgar Ebadollahi ◽  
Jalal Jalali Sendi ◽  
Masumeh Ziaee ◽  
Patcharin Krutmuang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Main Components

The overuse of synthetic pesticides in plant protection strategies has resulted in numerous side effects, including environmental contamination, food staff residues, and a threat to non-target organisms. Several studies have been performed to assess the pesticidal effects of plant-derived essential oils and their components, as partially safe and effective agents, on economically important pests. The essential oils isolated from Satureja species are being used in medicinal, cosmetic, and food industries. Their great potential in pest management is promising, which is related to high amounts of terpenes presented in this genus. This review is focused on the acute and chronic acaricidal, insecticidal, and nematicidal effects of Satureja essential oil and their main components. The effects of eighteen Satureja species are documented, considering lethality, repellency, developmental inhibitory, and adverse effects on the feeding, life cycle, oviposition, and egg hatching. Further, the biochemical impairment, including impairments in esterases, acetylcholinesterase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases functions, are also considered. Finally, encapsulation and emulsification methods, based on controlled-release techniques, are suggested to overcome the low persistence and water solubility restrictions of these biopesticides. The present review offers Satureja essential oils and their major components as valuable alternatives to synthetic pesticides in the future of pest management.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Postharvest Pathogens to Esential Oils

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
M. Božik ◽  
P. Nový ◽  
P. Klouček
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Oil Components

Abstract Antimicrobial volatile substances from plants represent alternatives to synthetic pesticides and food preservatives. In this study, the compositions of some essential oils were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and the inhibitory properties of the essential oils and their components against the bacterial postharvest pathogens Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (CCM 1008), Pseudomonas syringae (CCM 7018), Xanthomonas campestris (CCM 22) were determined by the microdilution method. Essential oils from oregano, cinnamon, lemongrass, lavender, clove, rosemary, tea tree, eucalyptus, garlic, and ginger and their components cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol were used in the tests. The essential oil components exhibited strong antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The oregano and cinnamon essential oils were most effective. The rosemary, lavender, tea tree, eucalyptus, garlic, and ginger oils were not effective at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, certain essential oils, particularly their components, are highly effective and could be used for the control of postharvest bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals PESTICIDAL POTENTIAL OF ETHNOBOTANICALLY IMPORTANT PLANTS IN NEPAL – A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Pravin Budhathoki ◽  
Pushpa Gnawali ◽  
Divya Baral ◽  
Amita Gyawal
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Sweet Flag ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Pests are considered a major problem in agriculture as they cause a various degree of losses. The use of synthetic pesticides to control these pests has resulted in pest resurgences, pest resistance, environmental degradation and lethal effect to non-target organisms in the agro-ecosystems. To minimize or replace the use of synthetic pesticides, botanical pesticides are important alternatives. They possess a toxic effect against pest including repellent, antifeedant and antibiosis effect against insect growth. In Nepal, among 5,345 species of flowering plants, 324 species have pesticidal properties. Some of the botanicals like Neem, Tobacco, Sweet flag, Garlic, Mint, Ginger, Artemisia, Sichuan pepper, Adhatoda, Basil, Drum-stick, Jatropha, Polygonum, Lantana, Chinaberry etc are widely used in pest management and many types of research have been done to explore the potential of these botanicals. This study aims to review the insecticidal potential of these important ethnobotanical plants. The biopesticides made from these botanicals were found to be effective against various pests. However, efficacy was found to be variable and often lower than that of synthetic pesticides.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis of Leucaena leucocephala on various extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-482
Author(s):  
Revathi Deivasigamani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Medicinal Properties

The plants play a vital role in human life. Every plant has some disease curative properties in it. Even the fodder plants have medicinal properties. In the similar way the present research was carried out to study phytochemicals present in the leaves of fodder plant Leucaena leucocephala. The result showed that presence of valuable secondary metabolites like flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, phlobatannin and terpenoids on various extracts of leaves

scholarly journals Plant Allelochemicals as Sources of Insecticides

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Ivana Tlak Gajger ◽  
Showket Ahmad Dar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Plant Allelochemicals ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

In this review, we describe the role of plant-derived biochemicals that are toxic to insect pests. Biotic stress in plants caused by insect pests is one of the most significant problems, leading to yield losses. Synthetic pesticides still play a significant role in crop protection. However, the environmental side effects and health issues caused by the overuse or inappropriate application of synthetic pesticides forced authorities to ban some problematic ones. Consequently, there is a strong necessity for novel and alternative insect pest control methods. An interesting source of ecological pesticides are biocidal compounds, naturally occurring in plants as allelochemicals (secondary metabolites), helping plants to resist, tolerate or compensate the stress caused by insect pests. The abovementioned bioactive natural products are the first line of defense in plants against insect herbivores. The large group of secondary plant metabolites, including alkaloids, saponins, phenols and terpenes, are the most promising compounds in the management of insect pests. Secondary metabolites offer sustainable pest control, therefore we can conclude that certain plant species provide numerous promising possibilities for discovering novel and ecologically friendly methods for the control of numerous insect pests.

The role of Record of Rights (Khatian) in determining title or possession: An overview

IIUC Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Kalim Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Religious Systems

Human beings are deeply related to land. Human beings take birth on land, live on land, die on land and mixes with land ultimately. As stated in the holy Quran: ‘We (Allah) created you (human beings) from the soil, we shall make you return to the soil and We shall call you back again from the soil’ (20:55). Human life is surrounded by soil i.e. land. So, land is a highly completed issue of human life involving economic, social, political, cultural and often religious systems. Land administration is thus a critical element and often a pre-condition for peaceful society and sustainable development. In administrating land, Khatian or record of rights plays a vital role to determine the rights and interests of the respective parties as supportive evidence. In this article, discussion is mainly made on the fact that Khatian or record of rights is not a document of title solely but it may be an evidence of title as well as possession. IIUC Studies Vol.15(0) December 2018: 33-46

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