ESTIMATING SEDIMENT YIELD AT TARBELA DAM AND FLOOD FORECASTING THROUGH CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF MODELING OF UPPER INDUS BASIN

The live water storage of the reservoirs is decreasing by the sedimentation, which is affecting the reservoir’s capacity and cause a severe problem for the irrigation system at the downstream side. Floods occur at the downstream by the poor management at upstream due to the heavy rainfall and snow melting. For annual accumulations of sediment load and estimation of the peak flow at Tarbela reservoir near Besham Qila station having area of 170,000 km2 was selected. Estimation of the peak flow and sediment yield at the Tarbela reservoir, SWAT (distributed hydrological model) was used. The expected decrease in reservoir storage capacity was also estimated with the SWAT model. For runoff modelling, calibration was done for three years (2004-2006) and validation was also done for three years (2007-2009). Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Standard Error of Estimate existed the statistical indices to evaluate the results. Coefficient of determination (R2) was found as 0.75 for the calibration period and 0.80 for the validation. Whereas, NSE for calibration was observed 0.69 and 0.70 for the validation. Monthly mean sediment yield was about 0.13 BCM estimated at the Tarbela reservoir near Besham Qila.

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Evaluation of the Impacts of Climate Change on Sediment Yield from the Logiya Watershed, Lower Awash Basin, Ethiopia

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology6030081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Nura Boru Jilo ◽

Bogale Gebremariam ◽

Arus Edo Harka ◽

Gezahegn Weldu Woldemariam ◽

Fiseha Behulu

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sediment Yield ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Model Performance ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Rcp Scenarios ◽

Time Frames ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

It is anticipated that climate change will impact sediment yield in watersheds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of climate change on sediment yield from the Logiya watershed in the lower Awash Basin, Ethiopia. Here, we used the coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX)-Africa data outputs of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Future scenarios of climate change were analyzed in two-time frames: 2020–2049 (2030s) and 2050–2079 (2060s). Both time frames were analyzed using both RCP scenarios from the baseline period (1971–2000). A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was constructed to simulate the hydrological and the sedimentological responses to climate change. The model performance was calibrated and validated using the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). The results of the calibration and the validation of the sediment yield R2, NSE, and PBIAS were 0.83, 0.79, and −23.4 and 0.85, 0.76, and −25.0, respectively. The results of downscaled precipitation, temperature, and estimated evapotranspiration increased in both emission scenarios. These climate variable increments were expected to result in intensifications in the mean annual sediment yield of 4.42% and 8.08% for RCP4.5 and 7.19% and 10.79% for RCP8.5 by the 2030s and the 2060s, respectively.

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ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT YIELD USING SWAT MODEL: CASE STUDY OF KEBIR WATERSHED, NORTHEAST OF ALGERIA

Big Data In Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE) ◽

10.26480/bdwre.02.2020.36.42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 36-42

Author(s):

Kamel Khanchoul ◽

Amina Amamra ◽

Bachir Saaidia

Keyword(s):

Best Management Practices ◽

Sediment Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Model Performance ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Sediment Supply ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Model Case

Erosion is identified as one of the most significant threats to land in increasing rates of soil loss and reservoir sedimentation. An integrated approach therefore requires sediment assessment for identification of its sources for efficient watershed management. The present study is aimed to examine the spatial and temporal sediment yield distribution potential and to identify the critical erosion prone zones within Kebir watershed, Algeria using Soil and Water Assessment Tool interfaced in GIS for the period from 1982 to 2014. The model is calibrated by adjusting sensitive parameters and validation is done using observed data from 1982 to 1998. The model performance checked by the coefficient of determination (0.76), Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (0.75) and relative error (+8.19%) suggests that the model has performed satisfactorily for sediment yield prediction. The simulated outputs of the model show that the 33-year period of sediment load production is estimated to be 19.24×106 tons and a mean annual sediment yield of 856.14 T/km²/yr. Temporally, sixty-four percent (50%) of sediment yield generated in the watershed occurs in five months of the winter and fall seasons. The most erosion vulnerable sub-basins that could have a significant impact on the sediment yield of the reservoirs are identified. Based on this, sub-basin 16, 14, 13, 11 and 8 are found to be the most erosion sensitive areas that could have a significant contribution, of 50%, to the increment of sediment yield. Best management practices are highly recommended for the land sustainability because of the high sediment supply to the dams.

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Modeling Runoff and Sediment Yield in Highly Gullied Regions of Kashmir using SWAT Model: A Case Study of Lolab Watershed

Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum ◽

10.22146/jcef.55298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 247

Author(s):

Dar Sarvat Gull ◽

Ayaz Mehmood Dar

Keyword(s):

Sediment Yield ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Curve Number ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Economic Productivity ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

Global Issue ◽

Runoff And Sediment Yield

Soil erosion in highly gullied regions of Kashmir valley is a serious global issue due to its impacts on economic productivity and environmental consequences such as land disintegration and one of the most affected areas is Lolab which is flood-prone and has witnessed several disastrous floods in the past. This means assessment of hydrological behavior should be highly prioritized and the most problematic sub-basins contributing to the erosion and excessive runoff identified to formulate and apply proper management strategies. This study integrated the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with Arc software to simulate the runoff and sediment yield of Lolab Watershed. The method was applied due to its flexibility in inputting data requirements and the capability to model larger catchments and mountainous areas. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis showed the most sensitive four parameters for runoff estimation with the initial soil conservation service curve number II rated to be the highest and two others were found for sediment estimation with channel erodibility factor rated highest. The calibration of the values of these sensitive parameters led to the provision of reliable NashSutcliffe (NSE) and Coefficient of determination(R2) efficiencies which makes SWAT a good analyzing tool to assess the hydrological behavior of highly gullied region and un-gauged basins of Kashmir. These factors were found to be above 0.90 for both runoff and sediment yield and the sediment yield rates were estimated using SWAT at individual sub-basin levels after which a prioritization map was prepared to determine the most problematic sub-basins in the watershed.

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A SWAT modeling approach to assess the impact of climate change on consumptive water use in Lower Chenab Canal area of Indus basin

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2016.102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1025-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Usman Khalid Awan ◽

Umar Waqas Liaqat ◽

Minha Choi ◽

Ali Ismaeel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Use ◽

Swat Model ◽

Indus Basin ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Consumptive Water Use ◽

Consumptive Water ◽

The Impact

Accurate assessment of spatio-temporal variations of consumptive water use (CWU) in large irrigation schemes is crucial for several hydrological applications. This study is designed to evaluate the impact of climate change on CWU in the Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) irrigation scheme of the Indus basin irrigation system of Pakistan. A distributed hydrological model, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), was spatially calibrated (2005–2009) and validated (2010–2012) for monthly CWU. The estimated CWU using the SWAT model showed promising results (the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.87 ± 0.06, Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) = 0.83 ± 0.06)) when compared with CWU determined by the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm (SEBAL) (R2 = 0.87 ± 0.06, NSE = 0.83 ± 0.06). Future evaluation, performed by considering the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios, showed that changes in temperature and rainfall would significantly influence the CWU in the LCC scheme. Compared with the reference period, annual water consumption in the basin would increase overall by 7% and 11% at the end of 2020 with monthly variations of –40% to 60% and –17% to 80% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios, respectively. The water managers in the region have to consider this fluctuating consumptive use in water allocation plans due to climate change for better management of available water resources.

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A Review on SWAT Model for Stream Flow Simulation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3792 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 3792-3798

Author(s):

Wen Ju Zhao ◽

Wei Sun ◽

Zong Li Li ◽

Yan Wei Fan ◽

Jian Shu Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Stream Flow ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Flow Simulation ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Distributed Hydrological Model ◽

Rs And Gis ◽

Model Research ◽

Gis And Rs

SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model is one of distributed hydrological model, based on spatial data offered by GIS and RS. This article mainly introduces the SWAT model principle, structure, and it is the application of stream flow simulation in China and other countries, then points out the deficiency existing in the process of model research. In order to service in water resources management work better, experts and scholars further research the rate constant and uncertainty of the simplification of the model parameters, and the combination of RS and GIS to use, and hydrological scale problems.

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Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment

Land ◽

10.3390/land10060650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 650

Author(s):

Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽

Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽

Konrad Miegel

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Sediment Yield ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Crop Production ◽

Management Practices ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Sediment Yields ◽

Soil And Water

Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.

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Impacts of land use and land cover changes on hydrological processes and sediment yield determined using the SWAT model

International Journal of Sediment Research ◽

10.1016/j.ijsrc.2021.04.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Edivaldo Afonso de Oliveira Serrão ◽

Madson Tavares Silva ◽

Thomás Rocha Ferreira ◽

Lorena Conceição Paiva de Ataide ◽

Cleber Assis dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Sediment Yield ◽

Swat Model ◽

Hydrological Processes ◽

Land Cover Changes

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Development and Verification of the Available Number of Water Intake Days in Ungauged Local Water Source Using the SWAT Model and Flow Recession Curves

Water ◽

10.3390/w13111511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1511

Author(s):

Jung-Ryel Choi ◽

Il-Moon Chung ◽

Se-Jin Jeung ◽

Kyung-Su Choo ◽

Cheong-Hyeon Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Intake ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

High Water ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Regional Government

Climate change significantly affects water supply availability due to changes in the magnitude and seasonality of runoff and severe drought events. In the case of Korea, despite high water supply ratio, more populations have continued to suffer from restricted regional water supplies. Though Korea enacted the Long-Term Comprehensive Water Resources Plan, a field survey revealed that the regional government organizations limitedly utilized their drought-related data. These limitations present a need for a system that provides a more intuitive drought review, enabling a more prompt response. Thus, this study presents a rating curve for the available number of water intake days per flow, and reviews and calibrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model mediators, and found that the coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) from 2007 to 2011 were at 0.92, 0.84, and 7.2%, respectively, which were “very good” levels. The flow recession curve was proposed after calculating the daily long-term flow and extracted the flow recession trends during days without precipitation. In addition, the SWAT model’s flow data enables the quantitative evaluations of the number of available water intake days without precipitation because of the high hit rate when comparing the available number of water intake days with the limited water supply period near the study watershed. Thus, this study can improve drought response and water resource management plans.

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