scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impacts of Climate Change on Sediment Yield from the Logiya Watershed, Lower Awash Basin, Ethiopia

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Nura Boru Jilo ◽  
Bogale Gebremariam ◽  
Arus Edo Harka ◽  
Gezahegn Weldu Woldemariam ◽  
Fiseha Behulu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

It is anticipated that climate change will impact sediment yield in watersheds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of climate change on sediment yield from the Logiya watershed in the lower Awash Basin, Ethiopia. Here, we used the coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX)-Africa data outputs of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Future scenarios of climate change were analyzed in two-time frames: 2020–2049 (2030s) and 2050–2079 (2060s). Both time frames were analyzed using both RCP scenarios from the baseline period (1971–2000). A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was constructed to simulate the hydrological and the sedimentological responses to climate change. The model performance was calibrated and validated using the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). The results of the calibration and the validation of the sediment yield R2, NSE, and PBIAS were 0.83, 0.79, and −23.4 and 0.85, 0.76, and −25.0, respectively. The results of downscaled precipitation, temperature, and estimated evapotranspiration increased in both emission scenarios. These climate variable increments were expected to result in intensifications in the mean annual sediment yield of 4.42% and 8.08% for RCP4.5 and 7.19% and 10.79% for RCP8.5 by the 2030s and the 2060s, respectively.

scholarly journals Modeling Impact of Climate Change on Surface Water Availability Using SWAT Model in a Semi-Arid Basin: Case of El Kalb River, Lebanon

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Jad Saade ◽  
Maya Atieh ◽  
Sophia Ghanimeh ◽  
Golmar Golmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Satisfactory Precision ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
The Impact

Assessing the impact of climate change on streamflow is crucial for depicting the vulnerability of water resources and for identifying proper adaptation measures. This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the impact of climate change on the streamflow of El Kalb river, a major perennial river in Lebanon. The model performance was tested for monthly flow at two stations under a nine-year calibration period (2003–2011) and a four-year validation period (2012–2015). The model results indicated satisfactory precision in fitting observed and simulated flow using various acceptable statistical indices. Future projections of climate change were obtained for three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). The model indicated that the average annual discharge of El Kalb River in the near future (2021–2040) will decrease by around 28–29% under the three RCP scenarios. End-of-century projections (2081–2100) indicated that the flow will decrease by 23%, 28%, and 45% under RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5, respectively.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT YIELD USING SWAT MODEL: CASE STUDY OF KEBIR WATERSHED, NORTHEAST OF ALGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Kamel Khanchoul ◽  
Amina Amamra ◽  
Bachir Saaidia
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Model Case

Erosion is identified as one of the most significant threats to land in increasing rates of soil loss and reservoir sedimentation. An integrated approach therefore requires sediment assessment for identification of its sources for efficient watershed management. The present study is aimed to examine the spatial and temporal sediment yield distribution potential and to identify the critical erosion prone zones within Kebir watershed, Algeria using Soil and Water Assessment Tool interfaced in GIS for the period from 1982 to 2014. The model is calibrated by adjusting sensitive parameters and validation is done using observed data from 1982 to 1998. The model performance checked by the coefficient of determination (0.76), Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (0.75) and relative error (+8.19%) suggests that the model has performed satisfactorily for sediment yield prediction. The simulated outputs of the model show that the 33-year period of sediment load production is estimated to be 19.24×106 tons and a mean annual sediment yield of 856.14 T/km²/yr. Temporally, sixty-four percent (50%) of sediment yield generated in the watershed occurs in five months of the winter and fall seasons. The most erosion vulnerable sub-basins that could have a significant impact on the sediment yield of the reservoirs are identified. Based on this, sub-basin 16, 14, 13, 11 and 8 are found to be the most erosion sensitive areas that could have a significant contribution, of 50%, to the increment of sediment yield. Best management practices are highly recommended for the land sustainability because of the high sediment supply to the dams.

scholarly journals Performance of HEC-HMS and SWAT to simulate streamflow in the sub-humid tropical Hemavathi catchment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Sanjay Shekar ◽  
D. C. Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Compensation Factor ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract The present study was conducted to examine the accuracy and applicability of the hydrological models Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC)- Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) to simulate streamflows. Models combined with the ArcGIS interface have been used for hydrological study in the humid tropical Hemavathi catchment (5,427 square kilometer). The critical focus of the streamflow analysis was to determine the efficiency of the models when the models were calibrated and optimized using observed flows in the simulation of streamflows. Daily weather gauge stations data were used as inputs for the models from 2014–2020 period. Other data inputs required to run the models included land use/land cover (LU/LC) classes resulting from remote sensing satellite imagery, soil map and digital elevation model (DEM). For evaluating the model performance and calibration, daily stream discharge from the catchment outlet data were used. For the SWAT model calibration, available water holding capacity by soil (SOL_AWC), curve number (CN) and soil evaporation compensation factor (ESCO) are identified as the sensitive parameters. Initial abstraction (Ia) and lag time (Tlag) are the significant parameters identified for the HEC-HMS model calibration. The models were subsequently adjusted by autocalibration for 2014–2017 to minimize the variations in simulated and observed streamflow values at the catchment outlet (Akkihebbal). The hydrological models were validated for the 2018–2020 period by using the calibrated models. For evaluating the simulating daily streamflows during calibration and validation phases, performances of the models were conducted by using the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The SWAT model yielded high R2 and NSE values of 0.85 and 0.82 for daily streamflow comparisons for the catchment outlet at the validation time, suggesting that the SWAT model showed relatively good results than the HEC-HMS model. Also, under modified LU/LC and ungauged streamflow conditions, the calibrated models can be later used to simulate streamflows for future predictions. Overall, the SWAT model seems to have done well in streamflow analysis capably for hydrological studies.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON STREAMFLOW IN SREPOK WATERSHED

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Khoi Nguyen Dao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Delta Change ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

In this paper, the author investigated the effects of climate change on streamflow in Srepok watershed. The climate change scenarios were built by downscaling method (delta change method) based on the outputs of MIROC 3.2 Hires GCM. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was used to investigate the impacts on streamflow under climate change scenarios. The calibration and validation results showed that the SWAT model was able to simulate the streamflow well. Their difference in simulating the streamflow under future climate scenarios was also investigated. Results indicated a 1.3-3.9oC increase in annual temperature and a -4.4 to -0.5% decreases in annual precipitation corresponded to a decrease in streamflow of about -7.6 to -2.8%. The large decrease in precipitation and runoff are observed in the dry season.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on hydrology in the Dak B’la watershed, Central Highland Vietnam based on SWAT model

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Kim Loi ◽  
Vo Ngoc Quynh Tram ◽  
Nguyen Thi Tinh Au
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Average Water

Climate is the main factor affecting hydrology in a watershed. For purely agricultural watershed, hydrological assessment and management play a very important role in the region's agricultural development. In this study, the hydrological was simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. This paper aimed to calibrate and validate the SWAT model in Dak B’la watershed in Central Highland Vietnam and assess the climate change on water discharge. The coefficient of determination (R²) and Nash-Sutcliffe index (NSI), and Percent BIAS (PBIAS) during the calibration process was 0.75, 0.72, and -1.15 respectively and validation process was 0.82, 0.83, 3.67 respectively. It proved the high reliability of the SWAT model after calibration. The two climate scenarios were selected in this investigation: scenario A is the existing climate using the data from 2001 to 2018 and scenario B is the A1B emission scenario for the future period from 2020 to 2069. Compared to the average water discharge from 2001-2018 and average water discharge from 2020 to 2069, the results indicated that climate change increases the average water discharge (0.55%), especially in 2050, the water discharge in the flood season (in November) is 584 m3/s, which higher than the largest flood in 2009 of 450 m3/s.

scholarly journals Coupling Remote Sensing and Hydrological Model for Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow in Data-Scarce Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14025
Author(s):  
Fazlullah Akhtar ◽  
Usman Khalid Awan ◽  
Christian Borgemeister ◽  
Bernhard Tischbein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The Kabul River Basin (KRB) in Afghanistan is densely inhabited and heterogenic. The basin’s water resources are limited, and climate change is anticipated to worsen this problem. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of data to measure the impacts of climate change on the KRB’s current water resources. The objective of the current study is to introduce a methodology that couples remote sensing and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for simulating the impact of climate change on the existing water resources of the KRB. Most of the biophysical parameters required for the SWAT model were derived from remote sensing-based algorithms. The SUFI-2 technique was used for calibrating and validating the SWAT model with streamflow data. The stream-gauge stations for monitoring the streamflow are not only sparse, but the streamflow data are also scarce and limited. Therefore, we selected only the stations that are properly being monitored. During the calibration period, the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were 0.75–0.86 and 0.62–0.81, respectively. During the validation period (2011–2013), the NSE and R2 values were 0.52–0.73 and 0.65–0.86, respectively. The validated SWAT model was then used to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on streamflow. Regional Climate Model (RegCM4-4) was used to extract the data for the climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) from the CORDEX domain. The results show that streamflow in most tributaries of the KRB would decrease by a maximum of 5% and 8.5% under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. However, streamflow for the Nawabad tributary would increase by 2.4% and 3.3% under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. To mitigate the impact of climate change on reduced/increased surface water availability, the SWAT model, when combined with remote sensing data, can be an effective tool to support the sustainable management and strategic planning of water resources. Furthermore, the methodological approach used in this study can be applied in any of the data-scarce regions around the world.

scholarly journals Assessment and Mitigation of Streamflow and Sediment Yield under Climate Change Conditions in Diyala River Basin, Iraq

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Al-Khafaji ◽  
Rana D. Al-Chalabi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Diyala River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment

The impact of climate change on the streamflow and sediment yield in the Derbendkhan and Hemrin Watersheds is an important challenge facing the water resources of the Diyala River in Iraq. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to project this impact on streamflow and sediment yield until year 2050 by applying five climate models for scenario A1B involving medium emissions. The models were calibrated and validated based on daily observed streamflow and sediment recorded for the periods from 1984 to 2013 and 1984 to 1985, respectively. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and coefficient of determination values for the calibration (validation) were 0.61 (0.53) and 0.6 (0.62) for Derbendkhan and Hemrin, respectively. In addition, the average of the future predictions for the five climate models indicated that the streamflow (sediment yield) for the Derbendkhan and Hemrin Watersheds would decrease to 49% (43.7%) and 20% (30%), respectively, until 2050, compared with the observed flow of the base period from 1984 to 2013. The spatial analysis showed that 10.4% and 68% of the streamflow comes from Iraqi parts of the Derbendkhan and Hemrin Watersheds, respectively, while 10% and 60% of the sediment comes from the Iraqi parts of the Derbendkhan and Hemrin Watersheds, respectively. Deforestation of the northern part of the Hemrin Watershed is the best method to decrease the amount of sediment entering the Hemrin Reservoir.

Impact of Climate Change on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Stream Flow and Sediment Yield of Darbandikhan Watershed, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2A) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Al- Khafaji ◽  
Rana D. Al- Chalabi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change on stream flow and sediment yield in Darbandikhan Watershed is an important challenge facing the water resources in Diyala River, Iraq. This impact was investigated using five Global Circulation Models (GCM) based climate change projection models from the A1B scenario of medium emission. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to compute the temporal and spatial distribution of streamflow and sediment yield of the study area for the period 1984 to 2050. The daily-observed flow recorded in Darbandikhan Dam for the period from 1984 to 2013 was used as a base period for future projection. The initial results of SWAT were calibrated and validated using SUFI-2 of the SWAT-CUP program in daily time step considering the values of the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficient of determination (R2) as a Dual objective function. Results of NSE and R2 during the calibration (validation) periods were equal to 0.61 and 0.62(0.53 and 0.68), respectively. In addition, the average future prediction for the five climate models indicated that the average yearly flow and sediment yield in the watershed would decrease by about 49% and 44%, respectively, until the year 2050 compared with these of the base period from 1984 to 2013. Moreover, spatial analysis shows that 89.6 % and 90 % of stream flow and sediment come from the Iranian part of Darbandikhan watershed while the remaining small percent comes from Iraq, respectively. However, the middle and southern parts of Darbandikhan Watershed contribute by most of the stream...

scholarly journals Simulated Impacts of Climate Change on Surface Water Yields over the Sondu Basin in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Stephen Kibe Rwigi ◽  
Jeremiah N. Muthama ◽  
Alfred O. Opere ◽  
Franklin J. Opijah ◽  
Francis N. Gichuki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Potential impacts of climate change on surface water yields over the Sondu River basin in the western region of Kenya were analysed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with climate input data obtained from the fourth generation coupled Ocean-Atmosphere European Community Hamburg Model (ECHAM4) using the Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) model. Daily time step regional climate scenarios at a spatial grid resolution of 0.44Ëš over the Eastern Africa region were matched to the Sondu river basin and used to calibrate and validate the SWAT model.Analysis of historical and projected rainfall over the basin strongly indicated that the climate of the area will significantly change with wetter climates being experienced by 2030 and beyond. Projected monthly rainfall distribution shows increasing trends in the relatively dry DJF and SON seasons while showing decreasing trends in the relatively wet MAM and JJA seasons. Potential changes in water yields resulting from climate change were computed by comparing simulated yields under climate change scenarios with those simulated under baseline conditions. There was evidence of substantial increases in water yields ranging between 88% and 110% of the baseline yields by 2030 and 2050 respectively. Although simulated water yields are subject to further verification from observed values, this study has provided useful information about potential changes in water yields as a result of climate change over the Sondu River basin and in similar basins in this region.

scholarly journals Modelling streamflow and sediment yield using Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A case study of Lidder watershed in Kashmir Himalayas, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvat Gull ◽  
Shagoofta Rasool Shah
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Similar Characterization ◽  
Fitting Algorithm ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract The conjunction of heavy snowfall during winters and intensive rainfall during monsoons along with the mountainous topography expose the Lidder watershed to serious erosion and flood aggravation issues. Barely any attempts have been made for an in-depth examination of Lidder watershed for precise estimation of sub-basin level runoff and erosion. In this study Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting algorithm (SUFI-2) for modelling streamflow and sediment yield of the Lidder watershed. Daily runoff and sediment event data from 2003–2013 were used in this study; data from 2003–2008 was used for calibration and 2009–2013 for validation. Model performance was evaluated using various statistical tools which showed good results revealing excellent potential of SWAT model to simulate streamflow and sediment yield for both calibration and validation periods. The annual rate of average upland sediment drawn from the watershed was approximately 853.96 Mg/ha for an average surface runoff of 394.15 mm/year. This study identifies the vulnerable areas of the Lidder watershed which can be thoroughly examined by decision-makers for effective management and planning. Further, the calibrated model can be applied to other watersheds with similar characterization to influence strategies in the management of watershed processes.

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