scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CARP VALUE CHAIN IN BARA DISTRICT, NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Subash Bhandari ◽  
Dilip Kumar Jha ◽  
Purushottam Dhungana ◽  
Bina Sapkota ◽  
Shreeram Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Chain ◽  
Regional Market

Carp is the major fish produced under polyculture in Nepal. A study was conducted to analyze the value chain of carp in the Bara district from January to April 2020. A total of 120 respondents; 60 each from Simraungadh and Pachrauta municipality on an equal basis was sampled by using the cluster sampling technique. 60 respondents include; 45 carp producers, 10 traders (local collector, district collector, local wholesaler, processor, retailer), and 5 consumers from Simraungadh and Pachrauta municipality were sampled randomly. Data were entered and coded in SPSS 25 and analyzed using STATA 12.1. The study revealed a benefit-cost ratio was 1.76. The maximum share was contributed by the cost of feed (70%) to the total variable cost and cost of pond construction (80%) to the total fixed cost. The unit cost of production of carp under polyculture was NRs. 201.5. The key actors involved in the chains were producer, wholesaler, collector, processor, retailer, and consumer. The price spread was higher in the regional market chain i.e. NRs 66.73 as compared to the local market (NRs 40.38). The producer’s share was higher in the local market chain (87.5%) as compared to the producer’s share in the regional market chain (81.73%). The study revealed that the value chain of carp was dominated by the trader. Consumers kept the freshness of the carp under major consideration while purchasing. The major problem faced by the trader was identified as the unavailability of plastic crates. Carp production is a profitable enterprise, yet producers were not realizing potential benefits due to the involvement of middlemen and their dominant role while determining the price. Thus, carp enterprise could be bolstered through government stringent rules and proper policy to determine the price and to customize the efficient marketing channel.

scholarly journals An Economic Study on Shrimp Production and Value Chain System in Khulna District of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N. I. Toma ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
R. Sultana ◽  
S. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
Chain System ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Shrimp Production ◽  
Human Labor

Shrimp farming and related activities contribute significantly to the national economy of Bangladesh. Per hectare half yearly average yield of shrimp was 350 kg and its money value was Tk. 1, 07,900. Variable cost is 61.29% and fixed cost is 38.71% of the total cost (Tk. 92,190). Among the various variable cost items of shrimp production, maximum cost Tk. 20,000 was found on human labor which was about 35.40% and Tk. 14,770 was found on feed which was about 26.14% of the total variable cost. Again among the various fixed cost items of shrimp production, maximum cost (Tk. 24,375) was found on human labor which was about 68.30% of the total fixed cost. Net returns were estimated at Tk. 1, 49,710 and benefit-cost ratio of shrimp farming was 2.62 which indicates that shrimp production is profitable business for the shrimp farmers. The value chain system continues by the active involvement of farmer, faria, aratdar, bepari, retailer, consumers.

scholarly journals Economics analysis of Seed Yam production in Aeroponic system

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pinamang Acheampong ◽  
Marian Dorcas Quain ◽  
David Appiah-Kubi ◽  
Jonas Osei-Adu ◽  
Stella Ama Ennin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Using Data

The supply of seed yams for intensive yam production is hindered by many constraints, including diseases and pest infestations as well as the unavailability of quality planting material. The combination of tissue culture and aeroponics system is perceived to be the way towards clean and adequate supply of seed yam for enhanced yam production. However, the system is considered as expensive for any individual to implement. In order to encourage private sector to participate in this venture, the economic analysis determining the feasibility and viability of using aeroponics in seed yam production was performed. Using data from established tissue culture and aeroponics system in Ghana, the fixed cost and variable cost parameters as well as production costs were obtained. Results revealed that total cost of building aeroponics structure amounted to GH₵ 94,178.00 (USD 17,938.70). Annual cost of aeroponics structure was GH₵ 9,417.82 (USD 1,793.87). Annual total cost of production totalled GH₵ 204,391.75 (USD 38,931.61). Annual net revenue was GH₵ 75,888.00 (USD 14,454.86). Payback period was 15 months and benefit cost ratio was 1.4. Aeroponics system for seed yam production is therefore profitable since short period would be needed to recoup investment. For food security and creation of workplaces, government could partner with the private sector in the establishment of aeroponics systems to increase yam production and export.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Turkey Farming in Bangladesh: Farming Practices, Profitability and Supply Chain Mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p28
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdur Rashid ◽  
M Rasheduzzaman ◽  
MSK Sarker ◽  
S Faruque ◽  
Md Salauddin Palash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Commercial Purpose

The study was conducted to know the existing turkey production system, supply chain mapping, and identifying the prospects and problems of turkey rearing in some selected areas of Bangladesh during October 2019 to December 2019. A total of 100 turkey raisers were surveyed following convenience method of sampling technique. The primary data were collected, analyzed accordingly and tabular presentation method was applied with the help of simple descriptive statistical measures e.g. frequency distributions, percentage, sum and means to illustrating the results. Profitability analysis was done on the basis of variable cost, fixed cost, return by using arithmetic means and percentages. The study revealed that 87 male and 13 female respondents were surveyed, of them cent percent found educated. About 56% turkey keeper’s main occupation was business, 27% service and 12% in farming while 88.57% involved with farming as secondary sources of income. Average landholding for homestead, cultivable and non-cultivable was 24.40, 129.71 and 29.47 decimal, respectively. About 59% farms started for commercial purpose, 32% for non-commercial purpose and 9% for both. About 60% respondents kept less than 50 turkeys and only 2% kept 501-1000 turkeys. Among the surveyed farms55% stopped their operation and 45% farms found running their business. Among the running farms cent percent were small-scale group. The average feed intake was 192.13 grams per day per bird at 20 weeks of age. Turkey laid on an average 139 eggs a year irrespective of variety and for hatching poults, the fertility and hatchability rate found between 65 to 100% and 50 to 90%, respectively. About 28% farmers experienced the deaths of turkey because of Cold, Pox, Ranikhet, Bird flu and unknown cases and 69.47% farmers took veterinary advice from Upazila Livestock Hospital and rest from other sources. Farmers to consumers were the most common and widely used marketing channel for egg, chick and adult turkey. The market intermediaries of turkey farm carried out different marketing functions e.g. buying and selling, pricing, transportation, sorting, distribution and market information. The average net return and benefit-cost ratio was BDT 127838.04 and 1.38, respectively for 50 turkeys per year. In the study, turkey rearing found some comparative benefit over chicken and ducks e.g. higher weight gain, forage eater, lower diseases rate and suitability for the country. The main problem of turkey rearing identified as market instability, lack of quality turkey feed, higher feed price, lack of proper marketing facility and training on turkey farming. In conclusion, the small-scale turkey farming could be a viable source of income for the rural people of Bangladesh after taking some remedial steps by the Government of Bangladesh for the aforesaid hindrances faced by the turkey farmers.

scholarly journals Waste management practices and profitability analysis of poultry farming in Mymensingh district: A socioeconomic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Manasi Modak ◽  
Emdadul Haque Chowdhury ◽  
M Saidur Rahman ◽  
M Nahid Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Poultry Farming

Poultry manure is a hazard to the environment and health due to the release of toxic substances as well as pathogenic microorganisms. The present study was undertaken to assess the current scenario of poultry waste management considering its social as well as environmental and health hazards. A questionnaire based survey was conducted in 36 commercial poultry farms (which included 15 broiler, 14 layer, 3 cockerel and 4 mixed farms) in Mymensingh district from February to June 2016. Most of the broiler and layer farms had between 500 to 2000 birds, while most of the cockerel farms had between 3000 to 4000 birds. The study showed that 69 percent of the poultry farmers were unaware of the health and environmental problems of the poultry waste. Majority of the small scale farmers disposed their droppings to fish ponds (31 percent) and agricultural farms (16 percent) directly, while only 6 percent farmers used those droppings in biogas plant. However, 53 percent farmers had knowledge about hygienic handling of poultry dropping, although only 19 percent of them used protective gloves during dropping handling. The profitability analysis revealed that average variable cost and fixed cost per farm per year were TK. 2,17,355 and TK. 3,93,106, respectively. The benefit cost ratio per farm per year poultry farming was 1.55. Considering the findings, it is suggested that proper poultry waste management could be highly beneficial for the farmers. On the other hand, improper dispose of poultry litter could be a cause for social, environmental and public health hazard. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 50–57, March 2019

Adoption and profitability of summer tomato cultivation in Jashore district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hajong ◽  
B Sikder ◽  
S Mondal ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Proper Time ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Cash Cost ◽  
Adoption Level

The study assessed the level of adoption and profitability of summer tomato varieties at farm level. Data were collected from 90 randomly selected tomato farmers of Bagherpara, Jashore Sadar and Jhikorgacha upazila of Jashore district. The results indicated that BARI Hybrid Tomato-4 was highly adopted summer tomato variety (75%) followed by BARI Hybrid Tomato-8 (16%) and ACI summer king tomato variety (9%). The adoption level of ploughing, manure and fertilizer use were low, whereas planting time and irrigation were high. Total cost of production of summer tomato was Tk 584822 per hectare whereas Tk 507355 per hectare was variable cost and fixed cost was Tk 77467 per hectare. Among the cost items mancha preparation cost was the highest (26.89 %) and 26.10 % cost was for labor. The average yield of summer tomato was 50.41 t/ha and gross return was 1542300 tk/ha. On the average, benefit cost ratio was found to be 2.64 on full cost basis and 3.04 on cash cost basis. MoP, zipsum and manure were significant effect on summer tomato cultivation. Attack by pest and disease, lack of seed at proper time, lack of agricultural credit and high cost of production were the major constraints for the adoption of summer tomato.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 575-585, December 2018

scholarly journals Examining Profitability and Viability of Urban and Peri-Urban Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
A. L. Rathva ◽  
L. M. Sorathiya ◽  
D. N. Gadhvi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Profit

Cost benefit analysis in 20 each urban and periurban dairy farms nearby Navsari city of Gujarat, India were studied. The required information from selected farms was collected through personal interview. The collected and derived data were subject to statistics as per standard technique in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Total fixed cost in urban and peri urban area was Rs. 2.27±0.36 and 2.05±0.33 lakh, respectively. Among total cost, fixed cost was 11.42%, further; it was nonsignificant among urban and peri-urban farms. Total variable cost was looked higher in urban farms i.e. Rs.18.97±2.47 and 14.50±2.33 in urban and periurban farms, respectively, however, it was nonsignificant between two areas. The proportion of variable cost was major (88.58%) among total cost. Among total cost feed-fodder cost was highest i.e. 70.10% followed by labour cost i.e. 17.13%. Gross total income was found higher in urban farms but it was nonsignificant between two regions. Pooled gross total income was Rs. 23.05 lakh. Average total income from sale of milk was Rs. 21.70 lakh (92.72%). Sale of animals (4.31%) and sale of dung (2.98%) was also having some contribution in return. The average net profit in urban farms was found nonsignificant higher i.e. Rs. 5.52 and 3.48 lakh, in urban and peri urban farms, respectively. When farms was compared based on net return per adult unit the urban farms was significantly more profitable (US$ 172 v/s 136). The net profit per litre of milk was Rs. 9.20 and 6.80 in urban and periurban farms, respectively. The overall benefit cost ratio was found 1:1.20. It was also higher in urban area. Thus, it can be concluded that urban and periurban dairy farms are profitable and viable enterprise.

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja Kemandirian Keuangan Dan Aktivitas Layanan Rawat Inap Utama Pada Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Dengan Metode Activity Based Costing

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Puspitawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Inpatient Services ◽  
The Government

Background : As the Government Hospital of East Java Province, Menur Mental Hospital provide inpatient main public services with tariff that set by the Director of the hospital. Status of Badan Layanan Umum Daerah (BLUD) requires hospitals to improve financial independence along with improved quality of service, so that the necessary cost analysis as the basis for calculating rates and cost efficiency in order to make the right and accurate decisions. Determination of the major inpatient services rates using Activity Based Costing will track activity based on those costs. Objective: Calculate the unit cost per class, analyze the activity and performance of financial independence of the main inpatient services. Methods : The study design applied in a descriptive cross-sectional field.Results : The unit cost per day of hospitalization after activity analysis, are: VIP 1 Rp1.264.940,29; VIP 2 Rp982.913,63; Main 1 Rp513.692,85; Main 2 Rp423.506,13, and Main 3 Rp282.026,07. Fixed cost are Rp1.490.013.692,04; while the variable cost per class are 1 VIP Rp257.777,48; VIP 2 Rp229.777,48; Main 1 Rp195.582,48; Main 2 Rp164.852,48; and Main 3 Rp126.125,33.Conclusion : Unit Cost of all classes of treatment before analysis of activity  are higher than current tariff. Non value-added activities cost are Rp341.235.192,80; so that the unit cost of each class is reduced by an average 9.25% when including the salaries of civil servants, and 12.47% without the salaries of civil servants. Level of financial independence after the analysis of activity increased to 94.88%  from 80,00% if the salaries of civil servants still subsidized by the government. Suggestion : Keep the understanding and commitment, especially in cost efficiency through further analysis of activities. If civil servants salaries are not subsidizied anymore, Main 2 and Main 3 class are not able to reach the Break Even Point (BEP), although with Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) to be considered for a 100% rate increase. Keywords : Activity Based Costing, financial independence, hospital

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Productivity and Marketing Channel of Household Level Dairy Farming, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Chanda Antor ◽  
Asif Mahmud ◽  
Kanon Das ◽  
Sufianur Rahman ◽  
Tauhidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Level

Aims: This study was conducted to explore the factors affecting dairy production and marketing value chain, value addition at a Household level in Mollahat upazila of Bagerhat District, Bangladesh. Methodology: For the implication of the study cluster sampling technique was used and data was collected from 80 dairy households. A Cobb-Douglas production function was used to identify the factors affecting dairy production and marketing margin was used to measure value addition as well as deriving marketing channel. Results: Marketing Channel of dairy farming showed that 50% of milk were channeled through by farmer-milkman-sweetshop-consumer and only 10% of milk directly channeled in both directly local market and home delivery. By analyzing data, the study got human labor, utilities, medicine have a positive correlation with milk yield of the milk cow. But it was found that straw and green grass have a negative correlation with the milk yield of the cow due to excessive use of it. The main observation was that all of the resources were not fully utilized by those households. Conclusion: Despite being smallholder and subsistence, if the farmers increase the amount of resource use in dairy rearing then milk production will be increased and the smallholder’s socio-economic conditions will be better.

Chevon availability in some markets in Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
H. O. Shaib-Rahim ◽  
O. J. Aluko ◽  
O. Eniola ◽  
E. N. Okeke ◽  
M. B. Oyedeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Age Range

Goat meat has a number of nutritional benefits compared to other meats. It is preferred by those who know it value. Studies on marketing of goat meat (chevon) is important to provide vital information on its availability, profitability and the contsraints encoutered by the marketers for effective research, pricing, planning and policy fomulation. In the study, the marketing of chevon in selected markets in Ibadan, was examined. Well-structured questionnaires were purposively administered to 60 respondents from four markets (Bodija, Akinyele, Oritamerin, Aleshinloye) in different Local Government Areas within Ibadan, using multi-stage sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis. The results showed that 55% male respondents were chevon marketers in which 70% were married within the age range of 40-49 years. About 31.7% had no formal education while 30.0% had secondary education. In terms of religion, 46.7% were Muslims, 40.0% were Christians and 13.3% were traditional believers. The budgetary analysis revealed that the total revenue (TR) was < 3,970,030.00, total variable cost (TVC) was < 2,125,150.00 and total fixed cost (TFC) was <123,300.00 while gross profit and net profit accounted for < 3,970,030.00 and ? 1,721,580.00, respectively. Total cost incurred was < 2,248,450.00 per month. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was calculated to be < 1.83. Among the problems facing chevon marketing in the study areas are infrastructural, credit facilities and storage facilities. It is therefore recommended that the government at all levels should provide market facilities and favorable market, regulatory framework for a more profitable chevon business.

scholarly journals Prospek Pengembangan Cabai Rawit di Kecamatan Arut Selatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Novi Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Break Even Point

The purpose of this research is to know the analysis of chili pepper farming and the prospect of cayenne pepper development in the sub-district of Arut Selatan Kotawaringin Barat regency. Analysis of cayenne pepper includes income analysis, acceptance, revenue cost ratio, Break-even point price, break-even point production, return on investment. The prospect of chili pepper development can be known by the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The data needed in this study are secondary data and primary data variable cost, fixed cost, price, and quantity of production. Pursuant to result of research of cayenne pepper farm have to value of acceptance equal to Rp. 11.723.333,33., income equal to Rp. 5.618.333,33.,; revenue-cost ratio equal to 1.90; break-even point production equal to 124,14 kg; break-even point price equal to Rp. 26.038,27 and return on investment equal to 90,25%. The prospect of the development of chili pepper farm has a good prospect because based on SWOT analysis is in quadrant I which means very profitable for a business, which has the strength and the chances of mutual support.

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