scholarly journals TUTURAN PENOLAKAN OLEH PENUTUR BAHASA KOMERING DI PULAU GEMANTUNG, OGAN KOMERING ILIR

Widyaparwa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
NFN Mukhamdanah ◽  
NFN Inayatusshalihah
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Basic Technique ◽  
Sentence Construction ◽  
The Face

Refusal is the form of speech act that has the most potential threat to the face, both the listeners and speakers. In communication, if the rules that apply to society are not obeyed, it will have an impact. This study explains how the speech acts taken by Komering speakers in Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra when rejecting children's requests. By involving several parents who already have children, the data is collected through questionnaires and open-ended data. The data are classified and analyzed based on the form and pattern of refusal speech realization. Determination of the form and speech realization is done by using the basic technique in the form of a deciding element, namely classifying the elements that determine the form and pattern of speech realization used by respondents in rejecting requests. The form of speech here is related to sentence construction, i.e. declarative, interrogative or imperative, while the realization is related to various forms of refusal speech used by the speakers. As a result, although it has relative power and a higher level of imposition compared to speech partners, the use of hedges to soften the power of refusal continues. Parents tend to use speech acts that employ greetings and apologies also give reasons for rejection and alternatives. Values for respecting speech partners with relative power and lower levels of imposition are still transmitted by people to their children.Tindak tutur penolakan merupakan bentuk tindak tutur yang paling berpotensi mengancam muka, baik petutur maupun penutur. Dalam sebuah komunikasi, jika aturan-aturan yang berlaku pada masyarakat tidak dipatuhi, maka akan menimbulkan dampak. Kajian ini menjelaskan bagaimana bentuk tindak tutur yang dilakukan penutur bahasa Komering di Ogan Komering Ilir, Sumatera Selatan ketika menolak permintaan anak. Dengan melibatkan beberapa orang tua yang telah memiliki anak, data dijaring melalui kuesioner dan pertanyaan terbuka. Data diklasifikasikan dan  dianalisis  berdasarkan bentuk dan pola realisasi tuturan penolakan. Penentuan bentuk dan realisasi tuturan menggunakan teknik dasar berupa pilah unsur penentu, yakni mengklasifikasi unsur yang menentukan bentuk dan pola realisasi tuturan yang digunakan responden dalam menolak permintaan. Bentuk tuturan di sini berkaitan dengan konstruksi kalimat, deklaratif, interogatif, atau imperatif, sedangkan realisasi berkaitan dengan berbagai wujud tuturan penolakan yang digunakan oleh penutur. Hasilnya, meskipun mempunyai kekuasaan relatif dan tingkat imposisi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mitra tutur, penggunaan pagar (hedge) untuk memperlunak daya penolakan tetap dilakukan. Orang tua cenderung menggunakan bentuk tindak tutur yang menggunakan kata sapaan, permintaan maaf, memberikan alasan penolakan dan alternatif pengganti. Nilai-nilai untuk menghargai mitra tutur dengan kekuasaan relatif dan tingkat imposisi yang lebih rendah tetap ditransmisikan oleh orang tua ke anak-anaknya.

scholarly journals Politeness as a Linguistic Device in Response to the Speech Act of Modesty

2020 ◽  
pp. 378-390
Author(s):  
Maryam Shafaghi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Negative Judgement

The context in which the speech act of modesty takes place has a considerable impact on the formation of meaning as well as the determination of the illocutionary force behind the modesty act. This context might include different speech acts, such as admiration, approval, and praise. Modesty can be either positive or negative. In positive modesty, i.e. sincere modesty, the speaker expresses his true feeling of respect and politeness. Thus, he or she conforms to accepted norms of expressing modesty in a society. In negative modesty, i.e. insincere modesty, the speaker deviates from those norms. To be modest is to be polite; therefore, responses given to the act of modesty include a range of different speech acts. Positive modesty entails the acts of approval, praise, admiration, and a request to end modesty, whereas negative modesty leads to the acts of disapproval, negative judgement, denial, reproach, and a request to end flattery. High modesty is indicative of a polite and modest person, while low modesty is suggestive of an impolite and egoistic person. Excessive and low modesty form an unfriendly and unequal interaction.

scholarly journals Conversational Storytelling in Chinese Speech Acts

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Shuling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Conversational Storytelling ◽  
Conversational Narrative ◽  
Everyday Talk ◽  
The Face

Conversational narrative or storytelling is a prevalent activity in everyday talk. This paper, drawing on the speech act theory and conversational analysis methodology, examines the conversational storytelling in performing a few types of illocutionary acts like assert, warn, object, advise in Chinese everyday talk. It is found that storytelling plays several significant roles in performing some types of illocutionary acts, i.e. to make a point, to build rapport among friends and even to reduce the face threat. Conversational storytelling may occur immediately after the expression of an illocutionary act, and sometimes before it to indicate certain illocutionary force.   

scholarly journals Courtesy and Degree of Strength in a Realization of Face-Threatening Acts in Spanish

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Nuria Campos Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Structure Determination ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act

The determination of the types of speech acts that can be executed in relation to different languages ​​has been studied inside and outside the boundaries of Spanish. There have been many attempts to realize taxonomies of speech acts connected to basic schemes of expression, and these attempts of classification and structure determination are normally focused on lists of verbs without providing the main structures that languages use to express speech acts. In the development of this work we will propose tools to clearly show what is meant by speech act and by its types and, finally, we will provide a taxonomy of general structures for the expression of illocutionary directive acts of speech in Spanish.

scholarly journals Hedging in Refusal Speech Act

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusman ◽  
Ermanto Ermanto
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
The Face ◽  
Observational Techniques

Abstract—The refusal speech act is quite risky to lose the face of the addressee. As far as observation of the author, refusal speech act has been frequently studied, but hedging in refusal speech act has not been thoroughly studied. Thus, this article was wr itten to explain hedging in the refusal speech act. The source of the data was the Indonesian language spoken by native Indonesians. Data were collected by observational techniques and interviews towards native Indonesians in Indonesia. Data were analyzed qualitati vely based on the speech act theory and politeness. The results of this study were, first, there are three main forms of hedging in the refusal speech act in the Indonesian language; second, a hedge is used to shape the politeness in a speech act; third, i n general, the speakers used more than one hedge in a speech act; fourth, the use of form and quantity of hegdes in a speech act affects the level of politeness of speech acts; fi fth, the use of the form and the quantity of hedges were adjusted to the level of face threatening acts.

scholarly journals Errors Analysis of Directive Speech Act and Politeness Strategy in Kaiwa Chukyu Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Lispridona Diner
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Basic Technique ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Data Object ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Directive Speech

The research aimed to explain types of directive speech act encompassed meirei (order), irai (plea), kinshi (prohibition), kyoka (permit), and teian (suggestion) in the Japanese language. Directive speech acts were common for students in the kaiwa chukyu zenhan level (basic intermediate speaking lesson). The present research employed a listening method with the basic technique, i.e., tapping method. Further, involved and uninvolved conversation observation techniques, note-taking, and recording were applied to collect the data. The data object was the documentation of student conversations in class. The data, consisting of the directive speech act of the politeness principles in the conversation during the Japanese course kaiwa chukyu zenhan, were analyzed using an identity method. In conclusion, the research identifies several directive speech acts that are used during the class. Those are zenhan (order, three data), requesting (two data), suggesting (one data), prohibiting (one data), and permitting (one data). Moreover, the honorifics used include the teineigo and kenjogo. Among the nine data, directive speech acts are identified in the class, and only one data indicates the indirect speech act.

THEORY OF SPEECH ACTS AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCES: PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE ILLOCUTIVE ACT “EXPRESSION OF REFUSALS”

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Sayyora Azimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
English Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Interpretation

This article is devoted to the pragmatic interpretation of the illocutionary action of the speech act “expression of refusals”. The article discusses different ways of reflecting cases of denial. This article was written not only for English language professionals, but also for use in aggressive conflicts and their pragmatic resolution, which naturally occur in the process of communication in all other languages

THEORY OF SPEECH ACTS AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCES: PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE ILLOCUTIVE ACT “EXPRESSION OF REFUSALS”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Sayyora Azimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
English Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Interpretation

This article is devoted to the pragmatic interpretation of the illocutionary action of the speech act“expression of refusals”. The article discusses different ways of reflecting cases of denial. This article was written not only for English language professionals, but also for use in aggressive conflicts and their pragmatic resolution, which naturally occur in the process of communication in all other languages

Directive Speech Act Seen on Family 2.0 Drama Script Written by Walter Wykes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Jovita Putri
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Declarative Sentence ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

<p>The research entitled Directive Speech Act Seen on Family 2.0 Drama Script Written by Walter Wykes purposes to describe and uncover the types of form and intended meaning of directive speech act on that drama script. This descriptive research uses pragmatic approach and theory. The collecting and analysing data are focused on the using of declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences in the text of drama. The forms of those sentences will be analysed to find out the types of form of directive speech act, while the context of those sentences will be used to analyze the intended meaning of directive speech act uttered by speakers. The results of the research are found that, first, there are two types of the form of directive speech acts, direct directive speech acts and indirect directive speech acts. Direct directive speech acts are represented by imperative sentence without subject; imperative sentence with let; and negative imperative sentence. Meanwhile the indirect directive speech acts are represented by declarative sentence statement; declarative sentence if clause; negative declarative sentences; and interrogative sentences. Second, the intended meanings seen on drama script of Family 2.0 are command, prohibition, request, treat, and persuasion. It can be concluded that, the most frequent intended meaning appeared in directive speech acts on this script is command by the use of imperative forms. Then, the declarative and interrogative forms are used to request something by adults charaters; in contrast the kids characters use them to command and prohibit the hearer.<strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords: </strong> family 2.0, pragmatic, speech act, directive, form and intended meaning

Epizootological features of demodicosis in homeless animals in the city of Tyumen ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕМОДЕКОЗА У БЕЗДОМНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ В ГОРОДЕ ТЮМЕНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
The City

Широкое распространение безнадзорных животных на территории городов несет за собой потенциальную угрозу распространения зооантропонозных заболеваний, одним из которых является демодекоз. Невозможно разработать мероприятия, направленные на борьбу с заболеванием и его профилактику, без анализа данных особенностей возникновения и распространения инвазии среди всей популяции восприимчивых животных. Поэтому целью нашей работы явилось изучение распространения демодекоза среди безнадзорных собак и кошек в городе Тюмени. В задачи исследования входило изучение распространения демодекоза и его клинического проявления среди бездомных собак и кошек в условиях города Тюмени и определение сезонной динамики заболевания. Работу выполняли в 2016-2018 гг. на базе кафедры анатомии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО ГАУ Северного Зауралья, в лаборатории акарологии ВНИИВЭА – филиала ТюмНЦ СО РАН, а также в производственных условиях на базе пункта временного содержания безнадзорных домашних животных МКУ «ЛесПаркХоз». Демодекозная инвазия распространена среди бездомных кошек и собак. Наиболее часто демодекоз встречается у собак, экстенсивность инвазии от 0,65 до 0,72%. Заболевание демодекозом у бездомных собак регистрировали на протяжении всего года, но 54,6% больных собак поступали в апреле и мае. Большинство больных демодекозом – это молодые собаки в возрасте от 1,5 месяцев до 2-х лет – 75,76%, животные старше двух лет гораздо реже страдали от демодекоза – 24,24%. Генерализацию демодекоза регистрировали у 21 собаки (63,64%), а локализованные очаги – у 12 собак (36,36%). Наиболее распространенной формой проявления демодекоза у бездомных собак является пустулезная, или пиодемодекоз. Данная форма заболевания была отмечена у 16 собак (48,49%), чешуйчатая форма отмечалась у 10 собак (30,30%), а смешанная – у 7 собак (21,21%). The widespread use of stray animals in urban areas carries with it the potential threat of the spread of zooanthroponotic diseases, one of which is demodicosis. It is impossible to develop measures aimed at combating the disease and its prevention without analyzing the data on the characteristics of the occurrence and spread of invasion among the entire population of susceptible animals. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the distribution of demodicosis among street dogs and cats in the city of Tyumen. The objectives of the study included the study of the spread of demodicosis and its clinical manifestation among stray dogs and cats in the conditions of the city of Tyumen and the determination of the seasonal dynamics of the disease. Demodectic invasion is common among stray cats and dogs. Most often, demodicosis occurs in dogs, with extensive invasion from 0.65 to 0.72%. Demodecosis in stray dogs was recorded throughout the year, but 54.6% of sick dogs were reported in April and May. The majority of patients with demodicosis are young dogs between the ages of 1.5 months and 2 years old - 75.76%, animals older than two years suffer less from demodicosis, only 24.24%. Generalization of demodicosis was recorded in 21 dogs (63.64%), and localized foci in 12 dogs (36.36%). The most common form of demodicosis in stray dogs is pustular or pyodemodecosis. This form of the disease was observed in 16 dogs (48.49%), scaly form, was observed in 10 dogs (30.30%), and mixed in 7 dogs (21.21%).

Pragmatics of the Qur’an: Model Pemahaman Kisah Sayyidah Maryam yang Terikat Konteks

SUHUF ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-342
Author(s):  
Fathur Rosyid
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Application Form ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Birth Story ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak Kata Kunci: Pragamtik, Tindak Tutur, Implikatur, Kisah Sayyidah Maryam   Kisah Sayyidah Maryam dalam al-Qur’a>n merupakan salah-satu kisah yang menarik dikaji dengan pendekatan pragmatik. Hal ini disebabkan, secara tekstual, beliau adalah publik figur yang fenomenal, bahkan mengalahkan status sosial perempuan lainnya, sehingga namanya terdokumentasikan dalam satu surat khusus yang populer dengan sebutan ”Surat Maryam”. Kecuali itu, kisah tersebut juga termasuk kisah yang kaya dengan nuansa konteks. Sementara posisi ilmu prgamatik sendiri  merupakan disiplin keilmuan yang mengkaji satuan bahasa dari sudut pandang relasi antara konteks linguistik yang bersifat diadik dan konteks non-linguistik yang bersifat triadik. Penelitian ini hendak mengungkap dua hal; Pertama, apa yang dimaksud pragmatika al-Qur’a>n?. Kedua, bagaimana bentuk aplikasi pragmatik tindak tutur dan implikatur terhadap fragmentasi kisah kelahiran Sayyidah Maryam dalam al-Qur’an?. Tujuan kedua pertanyaan tersebut untuk memahami konsep prgamtika al-Qur’an, juga untuk mengungkap bentuk tindak tutur dan implikatur fragmentasi kisah kelahiran Sayyidah Maryam. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan; Pertama, pragmatika al-Qur’an adalah suatu disiplin ilmu yang mengkaji al-Qur’a>n dari sudut pandang relasi antara konteks kebahasaan dengan konteks non-kebahasaan. Kedua, tindak tutur fragmentasi kisah kelahiran Sayyidah Maryam yang terdapat dalam Qs. A<li ‘Imra>n (03): 36, lokusinya berupa kalimat informatif, sementara illokusinya merupakan bentuk kalimat asertif yang bermakna mengeluh. Adapun implikaturnya sebagai pelajaran, bahwa jika segala sesuatu telah dipasrahkan sama Allah swt. maka tidak pantas mencari kesalahan atas peraturan yang telah ditetapkan-Nya.               Abstract Keywords: Pragamtik, Speech Acts, implicatures, Story of Sayyidah Maryam   The story of Sayyidah Maryam in the al-Qur'a>n is one-on-one interesting stories studied with a pragmatic approach. This is due, textually, he is a public figure who is phenomenal, even beating out other women's social status, so the name is documented in a special letter that is popularly known as "Surah Maryam". Except that, the story also included a story rich with nuances of context. While the position pragamatic science itself is a scientific discipline that examines unit of language from the perspective of the relationship between linguistic context that is both dyadic and non-linguistic context that is triadic. This research seeks to reveal two things; First, what is meant pragmatic al-Qur'a>n?. Second, how the application form pragmatics of speech acts and implicatures to fragmentation birth story of Sayyidah Maryam in the al-Qur'a>n?. The second purpose of these questions to understand the concept pragamtic al-Qur'a>n, as well as to reveal the shape of speech acts and implicatures fragmentation of the birth story of Sayyidah Maryam. This research resulted in the conclusion; First, the pragmatics of the al-Qur’a>n is a discipline that examines al-Qur'a>n from the viewpoint of the relationship between linguistic context with non-linguistic context. Second, the speech act fragmentation birth story of Sayyidah Maryam contained in Qs. A<li 'Imra>n (03): 36, locutionary acts be informative sentence, while illocutionary acts an assertive form meaningful sentences complaining. The implicature as a lesson, that if everything was handled the same God, it is inappropriate to find fault with the regulations set his.

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