A Study on Reduction Characteristics of Ammonia Gas Generated by Rotary-type Livestock Manure Composting Process

The process of aerobic composting the slaughterhouse (SH) solid waste generate ammonia emissions. Aim: The objective of this research to study the ability of the adsorbent to use zeolite to reduce ammonia gas emissions during the composting process of SH solid waste. Methodology and Results: Reduction of ammonia emission is conducted during the aerobic composting process which is 50 days. The raw material composition of the composting process used was 100% rumen contents, 60% rumen contents: 40% straw, 50% rumen contents: 50% straw, and 40% rumen contents: 60% straw. Zeolite used in the form of granular size 100 mesh. The result of the research showed that the level of release of ammonia gas emissions during the composting process could be reduced by zeolite. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The efficiency of reducing ammonia gas emissions using zeolite adsorbents in the composting process of SH solid waste ranges from 98.09 - 99.40% on average. Zeolite is an adsorbent that has high adsorption power because it has many pores and has a high ion exchange high capacity and serves as an absorbent cation that can cause environmental pollution.

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EFEKTIVITAS PENGOMPOSAN PUPUK ORGANIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ORGADEC

Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah ◽

10.36762/litbangjateng.v16i2.764 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 183-189

Author(s):

Alfina Handayani

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Livestock Manure ◽

N Content ◽

Composting Process ◽

Before And After ◽

C And N ◽

Total P

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of orgadec starter in composting cattle (cow) manure. The study was conducted at the KWT Berdaya in Samiran Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. The composition of organic fertilizer for each 1 ton of cow manure mix with 5 kg of Orgadec. The observed parameters were carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphor (P), and potassium (K), C/N (rasio C and N) content. The parameters were measured before and after composting process. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Orgadec improved the composting process of livestock manure into organic fertilizer in terms of N-total, P₂O₅, K₂O and water content parameters, but only C/N ratios after meeting the standards in accordance with Permentan No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/ 2011. In theory, the composting process using orgadec takes about 3 weeks, however the result shows that the composting process should need longer time, so it needs further study.

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Evaluation of full-scale biofilter with rockwool mixture treating ammonia gas from livestock manure composting

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.033 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 1568-1572 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Tomoko Yasuda ◽

Kazutaka Kuroda ◽

Yasuyuki Fukumoto ◽

Dai Hanajima ◽

Kazuyoshi Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Full Scale ◽

Livestock Manure ◽

Ammonia Gas

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Livestock Manure Composting in Cold Regions: Challenges and Solutions

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.2478/agri-2020-0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah ◽

Chunyan Li

Keyword(s):

Microbial Inoculants ◽

Livestock Manure ◽

Cold Regions ◽

Composting Process ◽

Start Up ◽

Environmentally Sound ◽

Harsh Conditions ◽

Biochar Amendment

AbstractThis review investigates the significant challenges of the process of livestock manure composting in cold regions and assesses the critical features related to the quality of the final compost product. Recently, the composting process has grasped more attention because of environmental pollution concerns and seeks for environmentally-sound approaches for managing livestock manure. Despite recent progress in crucial areas like the microbiology of compost, further improvement is needed in composting process monitoring. Therefore, specific obstacles related to livestock manure composting in cold regions, such as the generation and preservation of temperature, and the solution of obstacles such as inoculation of coldadapted microorganisms, and the role of biochar in prolonging the thermophilic stage of composting were reviewed. Also, the challenges were adequately addressed, and promising strategies to improve composting of livestock manure under harsh conditions were proposed. Still, there is a need for more investigation to get a better understanding of the role of microbial inoculants and biochar amendment regarding the start-up of the composting process in cold regions.

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Speciation of heavy metals during co-composting of livestock manure

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology ◽

10.1515/pjct-2015-0044 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shazia Gul ◽

Alia Naz ◽

Iftikhar Fareed ◽

Abdullah Khan ◽

Muhammad Irshad

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Livestock Manure ◽

Composting Process ◽

Early Stages ◽

Extracting Agents

Abstract Heavy metals determination in manures provides beneficial information to predict the availability and the potential contamination of environment. Therefore, a study was carried out to investigate heavy metals changes in livestock manure during a co-composting process. The metals were stepwise fractionated into exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate precipitated and residual forms by extracting with 0.5M KNO3, de-ionized water, 0.5M NaOH, 0.05M Na2EDTA and 4M HNO3, respectively. During the extraction process, the amount of metals remained highly dependent on an extraction method and stage of manure composting. Extractions released heavy metals contents in the final composted manure as Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Irrespective of the days of composting, extracting agents differed in the order HNO3 > Na2EDTA > NaOH > KNO3 > H2O for all heavy metals. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were observed during the early stages of composting. Conversely, there was a progressive increase in the concentrations of K, Ca and Mg during composting of manure. Total C in the manure reduced with composting days.

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Suitability of Composting Process for the Disposal and Valorization of Brewer’s Spent Grain

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11010002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Davide Assandri ◽

Niccolò Pampuro ◽

Giacomo Zara ◽

Eugenio Cavallo ◽

Marilena Budroni

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Target Range ◽

Bulking Agents ◽

Livestock Manure ◽

Composting Process ◽

Substrate Properties ◽

Spent Grain ◽

Ph Range

The brewing industry is characterized by the large production of by-products. Following the fundamentals of a circular economy, several attempts to recycle brewers’ spent grain (BSG) have been investigated. However, little information is available on its use for composting. Considering the main parameters required for optimal development of composting, the objective of the present review was to analyze the literature to determine whether the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of BSG make it suitable for direct composting. As the main factors in the composting process, we considered the BSG moisture content, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, and pH. As described in the literature, the BSG moisture content, C/N ratio, and pH range from 70.6% to 81.3%, 7.1 to 26.5, and 3.8 to 6.9, respectively. This C/N ratio range is lower than the composting target range (20–30). Instead, the mean moisture content in the literature is higher than the 60% to 65% recommended for composting. Optimum pH for aerobic stabilization of compost ranges from 5.5 to 7.5, while the BSG pH in the literature is typically more acidic. Therefore, BSG is not suitable for direct composting. Addition of lignocellulosic bulking agents improves the reduction of moisture content during composting, while also optimizing the substrate properties, such as C/N ratio, air spaces, and pH, to positively affect the composting process. Moreover, livestock manure should be included as a starting material to promote the composting process. In this context, two hypothetical initial mixtures of BSG plus a lignocellulosic bulking agent and livestock manure are presented.

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Isolation and Characterization of Effective Bacteria That Reduce Ammonia Emission from Livestock Manure

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Sun-Il Kim ◽

Wan Heo ◽

So-Jung Lee ◽

Young-Jun Kim

Keyword(s):

Effective Strain ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Ammonia Excretion ◽

Airborne Particulate Matter ◽

Ammonia Emission ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Livestock Manure ◽

Ammonia Gas ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Isolation And Characterization

Ammonia from livestock manure reacts with chemical components discharged from various emission sources to produce airborne particulate matter. This study aimed to investigate a novel effective microbial agent to suppress ammonia gas emitted from manure. Both isolated L12I and 12III strains, identified as Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), were selected for their superior activity in assays performed with the evaluation criteria such as acid production, ammonia decomposition, and urease inhibition, which are key factors influencing ammonia excretion. The survivability of PA strains was confirmed by an increase in DNA abundance in the manure. PA strains lowered the pH of manure and suppressed the growth of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria (HAB) possessing urease activity. The L12I and 12III treatment groups showed 23.58% and 38.00% emission reductions, respectively. Especially, the 12III strain was proven to be the more effective strain for reducing ammonia gas emission, with the best ability to reduce pH and inhibit HAB. The strains could have an additive effect in improving the manure quality as a nitrogen fertilizer by preserving the total nitrogen and urea content. These results suggest that PA strains can be used as unprecedented microbial agents to improve manure-derived environmental pollution and improve fertilizer quality.

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