scholarly journals Corticolous Lichens of Belarus. II. Obligate and Facultative Epiphytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
A. G. Tsurykau ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Dice Index

The lichen biota of Belarus lists 406 corticolous species. Of these, 213 (35.7%) species are obligate epiphytes. Crustose lichens make up the majority of obligate epiphytes (157 species, or 73.7%). Apparently, this can indicate the decisive role of the morphology and chemistry of the substrate for the closely contacted lichen thallus. Facultative epiphytes are represented by 193 species, which are quite widely represented by foliose and fruticose life forms (51.3%). Facultative epiphytes inhabit rotting and processed wood, stony substrates, soil (including forest litter), mosses, leaves (needles), root turnouts and metal objects. Wood is inhabited by 154 facultative epiphyte species, of which 80 lichens are strongly epiphyticlignicolous. The lichen diversity of tree bark and wood is relatively similar; the value of the Sørensen-Dice index is equal to 0.51. Soil is the second most important substrate after wood for facultative epiphytes. It is inhabited by 55 lichens, most of which are represented by Cladonia and Peltigera species. 46 species of facultative epiphytes were found on mosses. These are represented mainly by cyanobiont-containing lichens, broad-lobed species, as well as many by the representatives of the genus Cladonia. The stony substrate is suitable for 43 facultative epiphytes species and is characterized by a high specificity of lichen biota. Its Sørensen- Dice index is equal to 0.13. Most of these representatives are common in urban environments. Fungi, lichens, root inversions, leaves, and metal are predominantly inhabited by multisubstrate lichen species.

Response of Evernia prunastri to urban environmental conditions in Central Europe after the decrease of air pollution

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna LACKOVIČOVÁ ◽  
Anna GUTTOVÁ ◽  
Martin BAČKOR ◽  
Peter PIŠÚT ◽  
Ivan PIŠÚT
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractThe epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri is sensitive to air pollution and reacted by total retreat to the worsening of air quality during the peak of SO2 pollution in Central Europe (1950s–1990). Since 1990, after a significant decrease in air pollution, epiphytic lichens recolonized previously polluted areas, including E. prunastri. We investigated the physiological status of E. prunastri, transplanted for six months in 34 sites in the urban area of Bratislava (Slovakia) under current conditions. The content of chlorophylls, cortical and medullar secondary metabolites and soluble proteins were explored. We then examined the relationship of these parameters with the environmental quality status, reflected by the diversity of epiphytic lichens. The results showed that the physiological status of E. prunastri did not change significantly after exposure. Positive correlations were found between lichen diversity in the sampling sites and physiological parameters (photosynthetic pigments and phaeophytinization quotient) in the transplants. Transplants from sampling sites with a greater proportion of nitrophilous lichens displayed a decrease in photosynthetic pigments. Sites where E. prunastri naturally occurred had a lower proportion of nitrophilous species in comparison to sites where E. prunastri was not present. This suggests that the indicator species E. prunastri may also recolonize sites with low eutrophication in urban environments under decreased air pollution, and the information on its presence can help to assess the pressure caused by nitrogen excess.

Lichen diversity of coarse woody habitats in a Pinus-Larix stand in the Italian Alps

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri NASCIMBENE ◽  
Lorenzo MARINI ◽  
Renzo MOTTA ◽  
Pier Luigi NIMIS
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Different Types

Abstract:In the European Alps, subalpine forests are important for lichen diversity conservation at multiple levels. However, the potential role of coarse woody debris (CWD) has been only marginally considered in the previous literature. The aims of this case study are (i) to provide a first evaluation of the effects of different types of CWD (stumps, logs, and snags) and wood decay on lichen diversity in Pinus-Larix forests in the Italian Alps, and (ii) to increase the knowledge of the lichen biota on CWD in Italy. Seventy-eight species were found, including 12 nationally rare and 10 calicioid species; Placynthiella hyporhoda is new to Italy. Different types of CWD in different decay stages had significantly different lichen communities. Snags seem to be particularly effective for conservation, since they host the highest number of nationally rare species. Our survey suggests that CWD could be an important substratum for several nationally rare species, indicating that further surveys at a regional scale are urgently required in order to evaluate the role of CWD for lichen diversity conservation in the Alps.

scholarly journals Natural resumption of pine trees on the cuttings of the Middle Priangarya due to the peculiarities of forest soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
А.П. Смирнов ◽  
А.А. Смирнов ◽  
П.В. Богачев
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Permafrost Soils

Исследования последующего возобновления проводились на вырубках 5-15-летнего возраста в Северном лесничестве Усть-Илимского района Иркутской области. Основное внимание было уделено подросту сосны, как самой распространенной и наиболее эксплуатируемой хвойной породе. На почвенных прикопках измерялась мощность гумусового горизонта А1 и лесной подстилки А0, а также определялся гранулометрический состав верхних минеральных горизонтов почв. Выявлено отсутствие значимой корреляции густоты подроста сосны с отношением мощности А1/А0 осолоделых красно-бурых длительно-сезонно-мерзлотных почв региона, сформированных в условиях резкой континентальности климата, преобладания испарения над осадками, богатства материнской породы обменным кальцием, магнием и натрием. Установлена высокая обратная корреляция численности подроста сосны с «утяжелением» гранулометрического состава почв от супеси к среднему суглинку. Наибольшее количество подроста (3-5 тыс. экз./га) выявлено в исходных сосняках с почвами супесчаного, реже – легкосуглинистого механического состава. На почвах легко- и среднесуглинистых сосны значительно меньше, в составе подроста господствуют береза и осина. Подрост сосны практически отсутствует на относительно богатых суглинистых почвах в исходных пихтарниках, ельниках, лиственничниках. Отношение А1/А0, в силу особенностей формирования почв в районе исследований, не играет определяющей роли в успешности последующего возобновления сосны на вырубках. Studies of the subsequent resumption were carried out on the cuttings of 5-15-year-olds in the Northern Forestry of The Ust-Ilim district of Irkutsk region. The focus was on the growth of the pine tree as the most common and most exploited coniferous breed. The soil excavations measured the thickness of the A1 humus horizon and the forest litter A0, as well as the granulometric composition of the upper mineral horizons of the soils. The absence of a significant correlation between the density of the pine grower with the ratio of the thickness of A1/A0 of the osolode-made red-brown longseason-permafrost soils of the region, formed in conditions of sharp continentality of the climate, the predominance of evaporation over precipitation, the wealth of the mother breed exchange calcium, magnesium and sodium. There is a high inverse correlation of the number of the growth of pine with the "weighting" of the granulometric composition of soils from the sandy loam to the average loam. The largest number of teenagers (3-5 thousand ex./ha) was found in the original pines with the soils of the supine, less often – lightly coglinish mechanical composition. On the soils of light- and medium-sougling pines are much smaller, in the teenage part of the birch and aspen dominate. The growth of pine is practically absent on relatively rich loamy soils in the original firs, spruce trees, larch. The A1/A0 ratio, due to the peculiarities of soil formation in the research area, does not play a decisive role in the success of the subsequent resumption of pine cuttings.

scholarly journals A preliminary investigation of the lichen biota associated with recently deglaciated terrain in southeastern Alaska

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alan M. Fryday ◽  
Karen L. Dillman
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Glacier Bay ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Exposed Rock ◽  
Tongass National Forest ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Glacier Bay National Park ◽  
Successional Stages

Glaciers worldwide are currently retreating at unprecedented rates, revealing large tracts of newly exposed rock and till. We present the results of a preliminary, qualitative investigation of the lichen diversity of transient habitats near three glaciers in southeastern Alaska: Muir Glacier within Glacier Bay National Park, and Baird and Patterson Glaciers in the Tongass National Forest. This work is noteworthy as it (i) documents previously undescribed lichen species and communities within rapidly changing glacier habitats, (ii) illustrates the importance of cryptogams (lichens, bryophytes, algae, and cyanobacteria) in the primary colonization of recently deglaciated terrain, (iii) sets apart the lichen biota of recently deglaciated terrain in southeastern Alaska from that of other glacial regions worldwide (e.g., the European Alps, Svalbard, and southern South America) and even other parts of Alaska (e.g., Brooks Range), and (iv) emphasizes the importance of more lichen studies that focus on this rapidly changing habitat. The lichen biotas found at different successional stages near these glaciers are described and compared. The role of lichens and other cryptogams in post-glacial vegetation initiation, the threats to the lichen biota, and suggestions for the possible origins of the lichen propagules that colonize these newly exposed surfaces are also discussed.

scholarly journals Notes on the distribution of lichen biota of Podlasie. III. Nowosady village, Podlaskie province (north-eastern Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Kiercul
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Species ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Ramalina Farinacea ◽  
Full Protection

<p>The present study was undertaken to evaluate the biodiversity of lichen species in Nowosady village and surrounding areas. This work was conducted in 2014 (in August) and biodiversity of lichen species growing on tree bark and bushes, on dead wood (anthropogenic origin), glacial erratics, concrete, mortared walls and other specific substrates like eternit roof slates has been assessed. The lichen species represented morphologically diverse forms: crustose (38%), foliose (38%), fruticose (13%), dimorphous (5%), placodial (3%) and squamulose (3%). They belonged to different ecological types including epiphytes (27 species), epixyles (18) and epilithes (12). Out of 39 species identified in Nowosady village, five are included in the Polish red list of lichens: <em>Bryoria fuscescens</em>, <em>Evernia prunastri</em>, <em>Hypogymnia tubulosa</em>, <em>Ramalina farinacea</em> and <em>Ramalina fraxinea</em>. Four taxons from the study area are under statutory protection of species. One species, <em>Ramalina fraxinea</em> is under full protection and 3 species (<em>Bryoria fuscescens</em>, <em>Evernia prunastri</em> and <em>Hypogymnia tubulosa</em>) are under partial protection.</p>

scholarly journals An updated checklist of lichens from Goa with new records from Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Randive ◽  
Sanjeeva Nayaka ◽  
M. Janarthanam
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
The State ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Crustose Lichens

A checklist 118 lichens species is prepared by compiling the published literature, unreported species from herbarium LWG and fresh collection from Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary. The study added 47 species as new to Goa and Anisomeridium angulosum (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris as new to India. The state lichen biota is dominated by crustose lichens belonging to Graphidaceous and Pyrenocarpous group. Maximum number of lichens are listed from Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary with 67 species. The study would serve as baseline information for further studies on lichen biota as well as biomonitoring in Goa

scholarly journals Testing the Poleotolerance Lichen Response Trait as an Indicator of Anthropic Disturbance in an Urban Environment

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Rocha ◽  
Pedro Pinho ◽  
Joana Vieira ◽  
Cristina Branquinho ◽  
Paula Matos
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Community Weighted Mean

Urban environments are densely populated areas buzzing with a wide range of anthropic activities that cause disturbances like air pollution or the heat island effect, threatening both human and environmental health. Mitigating its impacts implies understanding the integrated effects that those disturbances exert on urban environments. Lichen biodiversity is frequently used as an ecological indicator, being able to integrate its effects in a quantifiable way. The poleotolerance response trait classifies lichens according to their tolerance to human disturbance, but it was developed for Italy’s flora and has seldom been applied outside Italy or in urban context studies. The aim of this work was to assess this trait suitability as an indicator of urban anthropic disturbance and test it outside Italy. For that, we sampled lichen diversity in 41 green spaces in Lisbon. Lichens were classified into the respective poleotolerance trait functional groups and their community weighted mean related with three type of environmental variables used as surrogates of urban disturbance. We showed that disturbance-tolerant functional groups could be used as an ecological indicator of the integrated effects of environmental disturbances. Some species were clearly misclassified, so we propose reclassification for those. Natural and seminatural functional groups did not behave as expected. Nevertheless, disturbance-tolerant functional groups have the potential to be used in in other Southern European cities.

A molecular phylogeny of the lichen genus Biatora including some morphologically similar species

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian PRINTZEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Crustose Lichens

AbstractThe lichen genus Biatora comprises inconspicuous crustose lichens that are typically found on organic substrata such as tree bark, bryophytes and detritus. During the last 20 years many new species have been added to the genus making its delimitation more and more difficult. The infrageneric relationships of the 42 species have never been investigated thoroughly. Using DNA sequences from three gene loci (ITS, RPB2, mrSSU) and 59 OTUs, an attempt was made to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Biatora and its infrageneric groups. Cliostomum appears to be the closest relative of Biatora. The position of Mycobilimbia in the Lecania-clade is confirmed. Phylogenetic relationships within Biatora are poorly supported, but six different species groups that are also phenotypically distinguished are more or less well supported: the vernalis-, meiocarpa-, hertelii-, ocelliformis-, beckhausii- and rufidula- groups. The analysis also confirms the presence of several undescribed taxa. Biatora subduplex as currently circumscribed appears to be heterogeneous, as does B. helvola. Based on the phylogeny, the distributional range of B. alaskana is extended to Japan. The new combinations Biatora ementiens (Nyl.) Printzen and Biatora hemipolia (Nyl.) S. Ekman & Printzen are made and both names are typified.

Pyrenocarpous lichens (except Trypetheliaceae) in Rondônia

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
André APTROOT ◽  
Marcela Eugenia da Silva CÁCERES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Gelatinous Layer ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Pyrenocarpous Lichens ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Rich Flora ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe following new species of pyrenocarpous lichens are described from Rondônia: Agonimia tenuiloba: corticolous, thallus with minute flabellate lobes developing goniocysts; ascomata smooth, grey, ellipsoidal; ascospores densely muriform, 30–50(–76)×20–35 µm. Anisomeridium lateriticum: saxicolous; conidiomata sessile, pyriform, ostiole with brown and hyaline septate setae; conidia simple to 1-septate, 8–11×2·0–2·5 µm. Anisomeridium triseptatum: corticolous, ascomata with lateral ostioles; ascospores (1–)3-septate, 25–30×7·5–10·0 µm, often with gelatinous appendages. Mycomicrothelia megaspora: ascospores ornamented, 1-septate, (27–)29–35(–40)×8–12 µm, often with a gelatinous layer 6–15 µm thick. Porina linearispora: corticolous; thallus green, shiny; ascomata immersed, 0·2–0·3 mm; ascospores filiform, (7–)9(–13)-septate, 75–90×1·5–2·0 µm. Porina maxispora: corticolous; thallus green, matt; ascomata immersed, 0·5–0·7 mm; ascospores filiform, (17–)23–35-septate, 95–110×4·5–5·5 µm. Porina novemseptatoides: saxicolous; thallus very thin, brown, glossy; ascomata superficial, 0·1–0·2 mm; ascospores fusiform, (7–)9-septate, 21–24×4·5–5·0 µm, with a c. 5 µm thick gelatinous layer. Porina termitophila: terricolous; thallus greyish green; ascomata emergent, 0·15–0·20 mm; ascospores fusiform, 1–3-septate, 13–15×2·5–3·0 µm. Pyrenula bispora: corticolous, thallus whitish, ascomata dispersed; hamathecium inspersed; ascospores 2 per ascus, muriform, 55–75×19–23 µm. Pyrenula leptaleoides: corticolous; thallus green to pale brown; ascomata deeply immersed in bark, with long necks fused in joint ostioles visible as brown dots on the surface; ascospores 23–27×8–11 µm, with rather angular lumina. Pyrenula rhomboidea: corticolous; thallus olive-brown; ascomata single, immersed; ascospores irregularly uniseriate, clavate-rhomboidal, 11–13×3·5–4·0 µm.A key is provided to all species of pyrenocarpous lichens (except Trypetheliaceae) found in Rondônia. Nearly all species are new reports for Rondônia. Aspidothelium glabrum, Pyrenula leucotrypa and P. micheneri are newly reported for South America. The usually foliicolous Strigula nitidula is reported for the first time from bark.The high lichen diversity is explained by the poor soils, supporting an only moderately dense forest where enough light can reach the tree trunks at ground level to support a rich flora of crustose lichens usually confined to the upper trunks.

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