scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SOME APPROACHES IN CURRENT PRACTICE OF TRANSPORT MODELLING

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Temnov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Transport Modelling

Introduction. The urgency of transport modeling, which is the basis for the implementation of various technical solutions aimed on the automated traffic control systems usage based on a new generation of road controllers, is noted. The circumstance according to which the transport modeling acquires essentially dynamic approach is specified. The aim and the problems of the study are formulated, consisting in the generalization and formalization of the tasks of transport modelling.Materials and methods. To solve such problems the author uses methods of system analysis, theory of transport systems, as well as techniques that are widely used in the community of transport engineers, including various options for computational and experimental methods of modeling traffic flows and transport systems for the city or agglomeration.Results. On the basis of generalization of information about stages of transport modeling the sequence of actions leading to obtaining the required transport model, by means of which it is possible to carry out the decision of a specific task, is offered. The list of the main tasks of transport engineering is formulated, the importance of the dynamic approach and the special role of the theory of transport macro systems are indicated, according to the provisions of which stochastic processes at the micro level lead to the deterministic behavior of transport systems at the macro level.Discussion and conclusions. The main result of the research is the development of the control actions for the operation of the intelligent transport system that evenly distributes traffic flows through the network and prevents the occurrence of congestion in real time. The basis for it is the formulation and solution of various problems of transport modeling.

scholarly journals CALIBRATION OF VILNIUS PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODEL

Transport ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Ušpalyte-Vitkūniene ◽  
Marija Burinskiene ◽  
Vytautas Grigonis
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The Impact

The application of information technologies preconditions the optimisation of performance of transport systems: improvement of the performance quality, safety and efficiency of the overall system, increase in capacity, reduction of the trip duration without high financial investment into construction of the new technical infrastructure. The transport modelling is the only economical and sufficiently reliable way to carry out a forward assessment of the impact of the innovations to be applied on the overall system. The network of Vilnius public transport was built up on the data of 2002, and the year 2002 saw the last comprehensive surveys. Building up the PT network the data was taken from the VIDAS database, created in 2002 while drafting the special plan for Vilnius transport infrastructure (tram) development. The morning rush hour, when the passenger flows are maximum, was chosen for the modelling. Calibration of Vilnius PT network was carried out after selection of three possible methods: TSys‐based, Headway‐based and Timetable‐based. In the timetable‐based model Logit, Kirchhoff, BoxCox and Lochse distribution factors are inter‐changed. Analysis of all coefficients received when modelling allows a conclusion that further modelling of the development of Vilnius public transport network should be based on Timetable‐based model choosing Kirchhoff or BocCox distribution laws, whereof conformity to the basic averages of coefficients of the 2002 survey is respectively 0,82 and 0,81. This would facilitate adopting solutions to the development of the public transport systems and would increase their reliability. The calculated coefficients revealed that TSys‐based methods were mostly removed from reality, and the average coefficient of failure to conform to the data of the 2002 survey is 0,24. This method did not give any data about the load on the stops, although the number of trips modelled with the help of this method was most proximate to the survey data, i.e. 0,69 %.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONING OF THE CAR PARKING PLACES NEAR HOUSES: FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ROAD CITY NETWORK

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Agureev ◽  
D. A. Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Road ◽  
Network Loading ◽  
On The Road

Introduction. The load models of the road network make it possible to understand a lot of the transport, social, environmental, and other city problems. Creating transport models requires knowledge of the traffic flows’ formation and functioning. The paper formulates a goal and poses tasks for the research conducting of the adjoining territories of residential areas in Tula as one of the urban traffic flows’ sources and of the identifying patterns of the parking places near houses’ influence on the road network loading.Materials and methods. The basis of the research was the development in the field of predictive simulation of automobile transport systems. The authors used complex of computer-aided design “TransNet”, which allowed adjusting the initial data in the base model by the results of the parking places’ functioning.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the improved transport model of Tula allows making the forecast for determining the main parameters of the transport system taking into account the dynamics of vehicles’ local area departure at different time intervals. Moreover, the proposed methodological tools and algorithm for solving the problem of the road network loading in a quasi-dynamic setting helps to solve existing transport problems and to improve the traffic organization.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals The Problem of Data Mining in Modelling Traffic Flows in a Megapolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
N. G. Kuftinova
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics

The article discusses the problems of using data mining in a transport model as a digital platform for analysing data on traffic flows in a megapolis, and prerequisites for creation in future of single data banks and an integrated environment for interaction of models of different levels as clusters of the digital economy, which will consider all modes of transport to assess transport demand and develop projects for organizing traffic in a megapolis.The objective of the work is to study the processes of obtaining quantitative characteristics of objects of transport modelling when creating a single electronic environment by calculating the derived parameters of the transport network of a megapolis. Quantitative spatial characteristics of an object are associated with calculating the distance from a city centre and a main street and are determined using geographic information systems entailing consequent problem of data unification and efficient data storage.As part of achieving that objective, it is shown that it is necessary to create a preprocessing and validation procedure for all primary transport data, since data sources have different formats and spatial interpolation of tracking data. For this, it is recommended to use various methods of data analysis based on GIS technologies, digital terrain modelling, topology of the road network and other objects of the transport network of a megapolis. Besides, the use of intelligent data should be preceded by formatting and grouping the source data in real time. The most common errors arise at the stage of the iterative process for obtaining quantitative characteristics of objects of transport modelling and building the optimal route in terms of travel time along a certain transport network.The existing trends of urban growth require global digitalization of all transport infrastructure objects, considering changes in the functions of the transport environment and in intensity of traffic flows. Theis entails further development and implementation of new information technologies for data processing using neural networks and other digital technologies.

A Comprehensive Study on Intelligent Transportation Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ankur Mishra ◽  
Aayushi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Transportation Sector

Transportation or transport sector is a legal source to take or carry things from one place to another. With the passage of time, transportation faces many issues like high accidents rate, traffic congestion, traffic & carbon emissions air pollution, etc. In some cases, transportation sector faced alleviating the brutality of crash related injuries in accident. Due to such complexity, researchers integrate virtual technologies with transportation which known as Intelligent Transport System. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) provide transport solutions by utilizing state-of-the-art information and telecommunications technologies. It is an integrated system of people, roads and vehicles, designed to significantly contribute to improve road safety, efficiency and comfort, as well as environmental conservation through realization of smoother traffic by relieving traffic congestion. This paper aims to elucidate various aspects of ITS - it's need, the various user applications, technologies utilized and concludes by emphasizing the case study of IBM ITS.

scholarly journals Formation of the Traffic Flow Rate under the Influence of Traffic Flow Concentration in Time at Controlled Intersections in Tyumen, Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8324
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Morozov ◽  
Sergei Iarkov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Traffic Light

Present experience shows that it is impossible to solve the problem of traffic congestion without intelligent transport systems. Traffic management in many cities uses the data of detectors installed at controlled intersections. Further, to assess the traffic situation, the data on the traffic flow rate and its concentration are compared. Latest scientific studies propose a transition from spatial to temporal concentration. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to establish the regularities of the influence of traffic flow concentration in time on traffic flow rate at controlled city intersections. The methodological basis of this study was a systemic approach. Theoretical and experimental studies were based on the existing provisions of system analysis, traffic flow theory, experiment planning, impulses, probabilities, and mathematical statistics. Experimental data were obtained and processed using modern equipment and software: Traficam video detectors, SPECTR traffic light controller, Traficam Data Tool, SPECTR 2.0, AutoCad 2017, and STATISTICA 10. In the course of this study, the authors analyzed the dynamics of changes in the level of motorization, the structure of the motor vehicle fleet, and the dynamics of changes in the number of controlled intersections. As a result of theoretical studies, a hypothesis was put forward that the investigated process is described by a two-factor quadratic multiplicative model. Experimental studies determined the parameters of the developed model depending on the directions of traffic flow, and confirmed its adequacy according to Fisher’s criterion with a probability of at least 0.9. The results obtained can be used to control traffic flows at controlled city intersections.

scholarly journals Variable Speed Limit and Ramp Metering for Mixed Traffic Flows: A Review and Open Questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Filip Vrbanić ◽  
Edouard Ivanjko ◽  
Krešimir Kušić ◽  
Dino Čakija
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Ramp Metering ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Limit ◽  
Traffic Demand

The trend of increasing traffic demand is causing congestion on existing urban roads, including urban motorways, resulting in a decrease in Level of Service (LoS) and safety, and an increase in fuel consumption. Lack of space and non-compliance with cities’ sustainable urban plans prevent the expansion of new transport infrastructure in some urban areas. To alleviate the aforementioned problems, appropriate solutions come from the domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems by implementing traffic control services. Those services include Variable Speed Limit (VSL) and Ramp Metering (RM) for urban motorways. VSL reduces the speed of incoming vehicles to a bottleneck area, and RM limits the inflow through on-ramps. In addition, with the increasing development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Connected AVs (CAVs), new opportunities for traffic control are emerging. VSL and RM can reduce traffic congestion on urban motorways, especially so in the case of mixed traffic flows where AVs and CAVs can fully comply with the control system output. Currently, there is no existing overview of control algorithms and applications for VSL and RM in mixed traffic flows. Therefore, we present a comprehensive survey of VSL and RM control algorithms including the most recent reinforcement learning-based approaches. Best practices for mixed traffic flow control are summarized and new viewpoints and future research directions are presented, including an overview of the currently open research questions.

scholarly journals Information Source Quality in Intelligent Transport Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Jelušić ◽  
Mario Anžek ◽  
Božidar Ivanković
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport Systems ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Time Information

Advanced automatic traffic control systems and various other ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) applications and services rely on real-time information from the traffic system. This paper presents the overview and general functions of different information sources which provide real-time information that are used or could be used in ITS. The objective is to formally define the quality of information sources suitable for ITS based on formal models of the traffic system and information sources. The definition of quality encompasses these essential factors: traffic system information that exists or may be requested, user requirements and attributes that describe the information sources. This provides the framework and guidelines for the evaluation of information sources that accounts for relevant factors that influence their selection for specific ITS applications. KEY WORDS: information source, information source quality, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), automatic traffic control

New Intelligent Transport Systems Applications in Europe to Improve Bus Services

2002 ◽  
Vol 1791 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Hounsell ◽  
Graham Wall
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport Systems ◽  
Bus Priority ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Message Signs ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
Bus Services

Applications of information technology are expanding rapidly across all modes of transport, under the general heading of intelligent transport systems (ITS). For bus-based public transport, a cluster of applications has been developed that can help improve the efficiency and performance of buses on the street, thus helping to provide a real transport alternative to the private car. An initial summary of a range of such ITS examples in Europe is provided, including automatic vehicle location (AVL), bus priority in traffic control systems, automatic ticketing systems, automatic camera enforcement systems, and variable message signs. Then the focus shifts to one area where activity is most pronounced—the implementation of AVL systems and their integration with urban traffic control (UTC) systems. A review of typical AVL/UTC systems operational in Europe is then presented through the identification of some eight alternative architectures and associated system characteristics, such as the technologies used and the location of bus priority “intelligence.” This is followed by a summary of examples from cities in Europe that have implemented these architectures, together with typical results illustrating the effectiveness of these systems. The diversity of architectures, technologies, and systems is recognized as beneficial in providing customer choice, but can generate a significant difficulty for decision makers in local authorities wishing to invest in public transport ITS technologies. A concluding discussion lists some of the key issues involved in this investment process.

scholarly journals Investigating the Applicability of Upstream Detection Strategy at Pedestrian Signalised Crossings

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti A Hassan ◽  
Nick B Hounsell ◽  
Birendra P Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Detection Strategy ◽  
Vehicle Delay ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Uk ◽  
User Friendly

In the UK, the Puffin crossing has provision to extend pedestrian green time for those who take longer to cross. However, even at such a pedestrian friendly facility, the traffic signal control is usually designed to minimise vehicle delay while providing the crossing facility. This situation is rather contrary to the current policies to encourage walking. It is this inequity that has prompted the need to re-examine the traffic control of signalised crossings to provide more benefit to both pedestrians and vehicles. In this context, this paper explores the possibility of implementing an Upstream Detection strategy at a Puffin crossing to provide a user friendly crossing. The study has been carried out by simulating a mid-block Puffin crossing for various detector distances and a number of combinations of pedestrian and traffic flows. This paper presents the simulation results and recommends the situations at which Upstream Detection would be suitable.

scholarly journals Absence of Rapid Exchange Component in a Low-Affinity Carrier Transport

1963 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. LeFevre ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Rapid Exchange ◽  
Carrier Mediated Transport ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
High Concentrations

A previous study showed that human red blood cells equilibrate much less rapidly with D-glucose at moderately high concentrations than with C14-glucose added after the net movement is completed. This had been predicted from a simple reversible mobile-carrier mediated-transport model system suggested by the net monosaccharide transport kinetics in these cells, but is also consistent with the more complex models proposed for certain active transport systems to account for elevation of tracer fluxes of even low-affinity "substrates" when their trans-concentration is raised. The simple model predicts, however, that with any sugar showing a much lower apparent affinity for the reactive sites, such as D-ribose, this phenomenon would not be observed, and tracer equilibration should proceed at approximately the same rate as net uptake. The latter expectation was confirmed experimentally by analyses of the ribose, or radioactivity, content of washed red cells sampled serially during incubation with ribose or C14-ribose in the appropriate mixtures. The tracer ribose movement showed no evidence of a relatively rapid exchange component. The relative rapidity of glucose tracer uptake into cells preloaded with ordinary glucose may therefore more readily be attributed simply to depression of tracer efflux by competition for the saturated reactive sites, than to any action of the trans-concentration on the influx by way of a coupled exchange process.

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