scholarly journals The Problem of Data Mining in Modelling Traffic Flows in a Megapolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
N. G. Kuftinova
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics

The article discusses the problems of using data mining in a transport model as a digital platform for analysing data on traffic flows in a megapolis, and prerequisites for creation in future of single data banks and an integrated environment for interaction of models of different levels as clusters of the digital economy, which will consider all modes of transport to assess transport demand and develop projects for organizing traffic in a megapolis.The objective of the work is to study the processes of obtaining quantitative characteristics of objects of transport modelling when creating a single electronic environment by calculating the derived parameters of the transport network of a megapolis. Quantitative spatial characteristics of an object are associated with calculating the distance from a city centre and a main street and are determined using geographic information systems entailing consequent problem of data unification and efficient data storage.As part of achieving that objective, it is shown that it is necessary to create a preprocessing and validation procedure for all primary transport data, since data sources have different formats and spatial interpolation of tracking data. For this, it is recommended to use various methods of data analysis based on GIS technologies, digital terrain modelling, topology of the road network and other objects of the transport network of a megapolis. Besides, the use of intelligent data should be preceded by formatting and grouping the source data in real time. The most common errors arise at the stage of the iterative process for obtaining quantitative characteristics of objects of transport modelling and building the optimal route in terms of travel time along a certain transport network.The existing trends of urban growth require global digitalization of all transport infrastructure objects, considering changes in the functions of the transport environment and in intensity of traffic flows. Theis entails further development and implementation of new information technologies for data processing using neural networks and other digital technologies.

scholarly journals CALIBRATION OF VILNIUS PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODEL

Transport ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Ušpalyte-Vitkūniene ◽  
Marija Burinskiene ◽  
Vytautas Grigonis
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The Impact

The application of information technologies preconditions the optimisation of performance of transport systems: improvement of the performance quality, safety and efficiency of the overall system, increase in capacity, reduction of the trip duration without high financial investment into construction of the new technical infrastructure. The transport modelling is the only economical and sufficiently reliable way to carry out a forward assessment of the impact of the innovations to be applied on the overall system. The network of Vilnius public transport was built up on the data of 2002, and the year 2002 saw the last comprehensive surveys. Building up the PT network the data was taken from the VIDAS database, created in 2002 while drafting the special plan for Vilnius transport infrastructure (tram) development. The morning rush hour, when the passenger flows are maximum, was chosen for the modelling. Calibration of Vilnius PT network was carried out after selection of three possible methods: TSys‐based, Headway‐based and Timetable‐based. In the timetable‐based model Logit, Kirchhoff, BoxCox and Lochse distribution factors are inter‐changed. Analysis of all coefficients received when modelling allows a conclusion that further modelling of the development of Vilnius public transport network should be based on Timetable‐based model choosing Kirchhoff or BocCox distribution laws, whereof conformity to the basic averages of coefficients of the 2002 survey is respectively 0,82 and 0,81. This would facilitate adopting solutions to the development of the public transport systems and would increase their reliability. The calculated coefficients revealed that TSys‐based methods were mostly removed from reality, and the average coefficient of failure to conform to the data of the 2002 survey is 0,24. This method did not give any data about the load on the stops, although the number of trips modelled with the help of this method was most proximate to the survey data, i.e. 0,69 %.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SOME APPROACHES IN CURRENT PRACTICE OF TRANSPORT MODELLING

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Temnov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Transport Modelling

Introduction. The urgency of transport modeling, which is the basis for the implementation of various technical solutions aimed on the automated traffic control systems usage based on a new generation of road controllers, is noted. The circumstance according to which the transport modeling acquires essentially dynamic approach is specified. The aim and the problems of the study are formulated, consisting in the generalization and formalization of the tasks of transport modelling.Materials and methods. To solve such problems the author uses methods of system analysis, theory of transport systems, as well as techniques that are widely used in the community of transport engineers, including various options for computational and experimental methods of modeling traffic flows and transport systems for the city or agglomeration.Results. On the basis of generalization of information about stages of transport modeling the sequence of actions leading to obtaining the required transport model, by means of which it is possible to carry out the decision of a specific task, is offered. The list of the main tasks of transport engineering is formulated, the importance of the dynamic approach and the special role of the theory of transport macro systems are indicated, according to the provisions of which stochastic processes at the micro level lead to the deterministic behavior of transport systems at the macro level.Discussion and conclusions. The main result of the research is the development of the control actions for the operation of the intelligent transport system that evenly distributes traffic flows through the network and prevents the occurrence of congestion in real time. The basis for it is the formulation and solution of various problems of transport modeling.

scholarly journals Architecture of a Compact Data GRID Cluster for Teaching Modern Methods of Data Mining in the Virtual Computer Lab

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Mikhail Belov ◽  
Vladimir Korenkov ◽  
Nadezhda Tokareva ◽  
Eugenia Cheremisina
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Data Grid ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Distributed Data Storage ◽  
Computer Lab ◽  
Virtual Computer

This paper discusses the architecture of a compact Data GRID cluster for teaching new methods of Big Data analytics in the Virtual Computer Lab. Its main destination is training highly qualified IT-professionals able to solve efficiently problems of distributed data storage and processing, drawing insights, data mining, and mathematical modeling based on these data. The Virtual Computer Lab was created and successfully operated by the experts of the System Analysis and Control Department at the Dubna State University in collaboration with the Laboratory of Information Technologies (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research).

scholarly journals Transport accessibility and mobility: a forecast of changes in the face of planned development of the network of expressways and motorways in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kowalski ◽  
Szymon Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
European Country ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Face ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Made In

The article presents a forecast of changes in the level of transport accessibility and mobility in Poland as a result of the anticipated development of the network of expressways and motorways. The progress which has been made in this respect in the last few years in Poland is unquestionable and unrepeatable by any other European country. Will the subsequent investment plans concerning the road network of the highest parameters offer equally impressive results as far as the increase in Poland’s territorial cohesion is concerned? The aim of this article is to establish in what way the planned infrastructure investments will affect the changes in transport accessibility and mobility as well as whether they will result in the changes in traffic flows directed to Warsaw and other regional centres. To achieve this, an analysis of the present and target state of the road network in Poland was conducted from the perspective of changes in accessibility, anticipated traffic flows, and mobility. For this purpose the authors used the analyses of isochrone and accumulative accessibility in ArcMap environment and research into traffic flows and their changes in the Visum software. The conducted research showed that the planned transport network might result in induced traffic through a increase in accessibility (the central variant) with the assumption that an increase in mobility would be vented in the real face of the phenomenon of motility. The fact of opening new road sections of expressways will contribute to substantial changes in the directions of traffic flows only to a slight extent, and the only transformations concern regions with already developed fast car transport infrastructure whose functionality is limited due to the lack of its cohesion in the subsequent course or lack of a developed network of expressways and motorways.

scholarly journals Regularities of Formation and Distribution of Transport and Passenger Flows

2020 ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
Ihor Khitrov ◽  
◽  
Mykhailo Krystopchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Distribution ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
Transport Complex ◽  
The City

Decision-making to improve the functioning of route systems is an extremely necessary, but at the same time difficult task, as it determines the overall socio-economic development of the city, the stability and safety of its transport complex. The purpose of this work is to establish patterns of formation and distribution of passenger flows for the transport network of the city with a description of models of their operation. The traditional approach to determining the concentration of travel is described by "synthetic" models, such as gravity. A practical solution to the problems of transport planning is the modeling of behavioral demand, which is based on the concept of attractiveness function. The load of the transport network is determined by the number of vehicles on it. Download simulation is the distribution of inter-district correspondence along specific paths connecting district pairs. In normative models, the distribution of traffic flows is based on the optimization of some global criterion that characterizes the efficiency of the entire network. The descriptive approach is based on the principle according to which each participant seeks to minimize their own costs. The most effective is the model of finding the equilibrium distribution. One of the variants of which is used to distribute users of one class. In this way, the location of transport interchanges in the transport infrastructure of the city mainly determines their transport structure. The distribution of passenger correspondence between interacting infrastructure objects is described by a gravitational model. The equilibrium distribution search model should be used as a task to optimize the distribution of traffic flows.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF CONGESTIONS IN URBAN TRANSPORT NETWORK USING CELLULAR AUTOMATION MODEL / SPŪSČIŲ MIESTO TRANSPORTO TINKLE TYRIMAS, TAIKANT LĄSTELINIO AUTOMATO MODELĮ / ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕГРУЗКИ ГОРОДСКОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СЕТИ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МОДЕЛИ КЛЕТОЧНОГО АВТОМАТ

Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Jablonskytė ◽  
Jurga Ilgakojytė-Bazarienė ◽  
Artūras Keršys ◽  
Algis Pakalnis
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Brake Light ◽  
Traffic Speed

The growing demand for transport and communication services leads to more and more important, traffic related and closely associated problems, especially in the city centre, such as traffic congestion, air pollution, noise and some others. When modelling traffic flows in the Kaunas city centre, the simulation models of crossroads were created based on the principle of cellular automaton model, taking into consideration such relevant traffic indicators as the average speed of traffic flow in different streets, traffic intensity, congestions and distributed flows. Operation of cellular automaton model is associated with the improved approach of further vehicle model. Modelling of microscopic traffic flows is based on the brake light–cellular automaton (BL–CA) model. Random functions were made discreet and autocorrelation values of these functions were calculated in this work. Fundamental macroscopic traffic characteristics were obtained. Numerical dependences of the average traffic speed and traffic flow, traffic density and traffic flow, the average traffic speed and density were determined, with a help of which the demand parameters of transport network were evaluated in the Kaunas city centre in certain time intervals. Santrauka Didėjantis susisiekimo poreikis lemia vis aktualesnes, ypač centrinėse miestų dalyse, tarpusavyje glaudžiai susijusias eismo problemas: eismo spūstys, oro tarša, triukšmas ir kt. Darbe atliekant transporto srautų Kauno miesto centre modeliavimą, sudaryti ląstelinio automato modelio principu veikiantys imitaciniai sankryžų modeliai, įvertinant tokius eismo požiūriu aktualius rodiklius kaip vidutiniai eismo srauto greičiai skirtingose gatvėse, eismo intensyvumas, eismo spūstis ir srautų pasiskirstymas. Ląstelinio automato modelio veikimas susietas su patobulintu tolesnio automobilio modelio priartėjimu. Mikroskopinis eismo srautų modeliavimas paremtas ląstelinio automato (brake-light, BL-CA) modeliu. Darbe diskretizuotos atsitiktinės funkcijos, apskaičiuotos šiųfunkcijų autokoreliacinės reikšmės. Gautos fundamentalios makroskopinės transporto eismo charakteristikos. Nustatytos vidutinio eismo srauto greičio ir eismo srauto, eismo tankio ir eismo srauto, vidutinio eismo srauto greičio ir tankio skaitinės priklausomybės, kuriomis remiantis įvertinti transporto tinklo paklausos parametrai Kauno miesto centre tam tikrais laiko intervalais. Резюме Возрастающая потребность в перемещении приводит к тесно взаимосвязанным проблемам движения: перегрузке движения (заторам), шуму, загрязнению среды и т. д., что проявляется и особенно актуально в центральных частях города. В статье исследуются транспортные потоки в центре города Каунаса (Литва). С использованием принципа модели клеточного автомата (клеточный автомат – это математический объект с дискретными пространством и временем, каждое положение в пространстве представлено отдельной клеткой) созданы действующие имитационные модели перекрестков, учитывающие актуальные с точки зрения движения показатели: среднюю скорость потока движения на различных улицах, интенсивность движения, перегрузку потока и распределенный поток. Работа модели клеточного автомата связана с усовершенствованной моделью приближения следующего автомобиля. Микроскопическое моделирование потоков движения основано на модели клеточного автомата (brake-light, BL-CA). В работе дискретизированы случайные функции, вычислены значения автокорреляции этих функций, получены фундаментальные макроскопические характеристики транспортного движения, установлены числовые зависимости средней скорости потока движения и потока движения, транспортной плотности и потока движения, средней скорости движения и плотности, с помощью которых оценены параметры потребности транспортной сети в центре Каунаса с определенными временными интервалами.

scholarly journals Variable Speed Limit and Ramp Metering for Mixed Traffic Flows: A Review and Open Questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Filip Vrbanić ◽  
Edouard Ivanjko ◽  
Krešimir Kušić ◽  
Dino Čakija
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Ramp Metering ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Limit ◽  
Traffic Demand

The trend of increasing traffic demand is causing congestion on existing urban roads, including urban motorways, resulting in a decrease in Level of Service (LoS) and safety, and an increase in fuel consumption. Lack of space and non-compliance with cities’ sustainable urban plans prevent the expansion of new transport infrastructure in some urban areas. To alleviate the aforementioned problems, appropriate solutions come from the domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems by implementing traffic control services. Those services include Variable Speed Limit (VSL) and Ramp Metering (RM) for urban motorways. VSL reduces the speed of incoming vehicles to a bottleneck area, and RM limits the inflow through on-ramps. In addition, with the increasing development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Connected AVs (CAVs), new opportunities for traffic control are emerging. VSL and RM can reduce traffic congestion on urban motorways, especially so in the case of mixed traffic flows where AVs and CAVs can fully comply with the control system output. Currently, there is no existing overview of control algorithms and applications for VSL and RM in mixed traffic flows. Therefore, we present a comprehensive survey of VSL and RM control algorithms including the most recent reinforcement learning-based approaches. Best practices for mixed traffic flow control are summarized and new viewpoints and future research directions are presented, including an overview of the currently open research questions.

scholarly journals Ultrafast optical manipulation of magnetic order in ferromagnetic materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuangtang Wang ◽  
Yongmin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Ultrafast Lasers ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Magnetic Interaction ◽  
Ferromagnetic Materials ◽  
Magnetic Storage ◽  
Magnetization Dynamics ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Ultrafast Optical

Abstract The interaction between ultrafast lasers and magnetic materials is an appealing topic. It not only involves interesting fundamental questions that remain inconclusive and hence need further investigation, but also has the potential to revolutionize data storage technologies because such an opto-magnetic interaction provides an ultrafast and energy-efficient means to control magnetization. Fruitful progress has been made in this area over the past quarter century. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical studies on magnetization dynamics and switching in ferromagnetic materials that are induced by ultrafast lasers. We start by describing the physical mechanisms of ultrafast demagnetization based on different experimental observations and theoretical methods. Both the spin-flip scattering theory and the superdiffusive spin transport model will be discussed in detail. Then, we will discuss laser-induced torques and resultant magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic materials. Recent developments of all-optical switching (AOS) of ferromagnetic materials towards ultrafast magnetic storage and memory will also be reviewed, followed by the perspectives on the challenges and future directions in this emerging area.

scholarly journals Evaluating Performance of Public Transport Networks by Using Public Transport Criteria Matrix Analytic Hierarchy Process Models—Case Study of Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn Public Transport Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6949
Author(s):  
Gang Lin ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
Conghua Lin ◽  
Linshan Bu ◽  
Honglei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Ahp Model

To mitigate car traffic problems, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) issued a document that provides guidelines for sustainable development and the promotion of public transport. The efficiency of the policies and strategies needs to be evaluated to improve the performance of public transportation networks. To assess the performance of a public transport network, it is first necessary to select evaluation criteria. Based on existing indicators, this research proposes a public transport criteria matrix that includes the basic public transport infrastructure level, public transport service level, economic benefit level, and sustainable development level. A public transport criteria matrix AHP model is established to assess the performance of public transport networks. The established model selects appropriate evaluation criteria based on existing performance standards. It is applied to study the Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn public transport network, representing a series of land use and transport policy backgrounds. The local public transport authorities can apply the established transport criteria matrix AHP model to monitor the performance of a public transport network and provide guidance for its improvement.

“Select before You Collect”: Uses and Abuses of Profiling and Data Mining in Law and Literature

Pólemos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Jeanne Gaakeer
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Law And Literature

AbstractThis article addresses some of the risks involved in the uses of information technologies such as profiling and data mining by means of the German jurist-philosopher Juli Zeh’s dystopic novel Leere Herzen.

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