Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, Executive Functioning, and Stress: Exploring a Process Model in Adolescents

The association of trait mindfulness with emotional well-being has been found to be mediated by executive functioning. However, there is little empirical evidence on this process in adolescents. Therefore, this study tested these associations using an adolescent sample participating in a physical education yoga class. This study extended previous research by also including self-compassion and state mindfulness in addition to trait mindfulness. A prospective design employed a pilot yoga curriculum in a high school physical education class. Adolescents (N = 20) completed assessments of trait mindfulness and self-compassion at baseline, state mindfulness experienced during yoga classes over the 12 week physical education yoga class, and six indices of executive functioning and stress at the end of the 12 weeks. Path analysis was used to test the process model found by Short with the extensions of self-compassion and state mindfulness. Self-compassion directly predicted problems with activity level impulse control and indirectly predicted stress. When self-compassion did not predict specific executive functioning indicators, state mindfulness experienced in yoga predicted stress. This study contributes preliminary evidence that suggests further research into the unique effects of trait and state mindfulness as well as self-compassion on adolescent cognitive and affective outcomes. Results support the use of contemplative practices, such as yoga, in adolescent physical education as a strategy to boost emotion regulation processes.

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Participation in Physical Education Classes, Psychological Well-Being, and Sleep Satisfaction Among South Korean Adolescents

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2021.00360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 517-526

Author(s):

Yoonkyung Song ◽

Eun-Young Lee ◽

Justin Y. Jeon

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Physical Education ◽

Well Being ◽

Activity Level ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Sleep Satisfaction

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the associations between participation in physical education (PE) classes and the psychological well-being and sleep satisfaction of Korean adolescents.METHODS: Cross-sectional data from 127,804 Korean adolescents (aged 12–18 years) who participated in the 2016 and 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys (KYRBS) were analyzed. The exploratory variable was the frequency of participation in PE classes every week, while the dependent variables included the psychological well-being and sleep satisfaction, as assessed by the KYRBS questionnaire. Sex- and grade-stratified logistic regression analyses were conducted to generate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: Overall 16.9% of adolescents reported that they did not participate in PE classes while 33.0% reported participating for more than three times a week. After adjusting for the academic achievements, family’s economic status, consumption frequency of breakfast and highly caffeinated drinks, and physical activity level, a greater participation in the PE classes was found to be associated with happiness in a dose-response fashion in both sexes and grades (p<.05). As for stress, participation in the PE classes for more than three times a week was associated with less/no stress in boys (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02–1.31, p<.05) and high school students (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.44, p<.05). Moreover, greater participation in the PE classes was associated with a lower odds of reporting sleep satisfaction in a linear fashion among high school students.CONCLUSIONS: More frequent participation in PE classes was associated with the psychological well-being and sleep satisfaction in a large sample of Korean adolescents. Increasing the number of mandatory PE sessions is a promising strategy for promoting the psychological well-being of Korean adolescents.

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The Differential Impact of Acute Exercise and Mindfulness Meditation on Executive Functioning and Psycho-Emotional Well-Being in Children and Youth With ADHD

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Bigelow ◽

Marcus D. Gottlieb ◽

Michelle Ogrodnik ◽

Jeffrey D. Graham ◽

Barbara Fenesi

Keyword(s):

Executive Functioning ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Mindfulness Meditation ◽

Memory Task ◽

Well Being ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

The Other ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Youth With Adhd

This study investigated how acute exercise and mindfulness meditation impacts executive functioning and psycho-emotional well-being in 16 children and youth with ADHD aged 10–14 (male = 11; White = 80%). Participants completed three interventions: 10 min of exercise, 10 min of mindfulness meditation, and 10 min of reading (control). Before and after each intervention, executive functioning (inhibitory control, working memory, task-switching) and psycho-emotional well-being (mood, self-efficacy) were assessed. Mindfulness meditation increased performance on all executive functioning tasks whereas the other interventions did not (d = 0.55–0.86). Exercise enhanced positive mood and self-efficacy whereas the other interventions did not (d = 0.22–0.35). This work provides preliminary evidence for how acute exercise and mindfulness meditation can support differential aspects of executive and psycho-emotional functioning among children and youth with ADHD.

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Perfil Nutricional, Nível de Atividade Física, Qualidade de Vida, Bem-Estar e Humor de Estudantes de Educação Física/Licenciatura durante a Pandemia de COVID-19 / Nutritional Profile, Physical Activity Level, Quality of Life, Well-Being and Mood of Physical Education/Licentiate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Brazilian Journal of Health Review ◽

10.34119/bjhrv4n6-357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 28043-28062

Author(s):

David da Silva ◽

Ana Luiza Barbosa Vieira da Silva ◽

Sand Araújo Tenório ◽

Antonio Filipe Pereira Caetano

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Education ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Well Being ◽

Activity Level ◽

Nutritional Profile

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Child Maltreatment and Subjective Well-being in Chinese Emerging Adults: A Process Model Involving Self-esteem and Self-compassion

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260521993924 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052199392

Author(s):

Qinglu Wu ◽

Hongjian Cao ◽

Xiuyun Lin ◽

Nan Zhou ◽

Peilian Chi

Keyword(s):

Child Maltreatment ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Process Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Life Course Perspective ◽

Psychological Maltreatment ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Stress Process Model ◽

Self Compassion

Child maltreatment is negatively associated with subjective well-being in emerging adulthood, but the understanding of the mechanisms of this relationship is incomplete. Guided by the stress process model incorporated with a life-course perspective, the present study examined the protective roles of self-related resources (self-esteem and self-compassion) in this association, while considering various maltreatment types (physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Self-compassion Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to measure the key variables through an online survey of 358 Chinese college students (226 females, mean age = 19.18) Direct effect of one type of maltreatment on life satisfaction and the three indirect effects through (a) self-esteem; (b) self-compassion; and (c) self-esteem and self-compassion in sequence were examined while controlling for age, gender, and the other four maltreatment types. The results showed that psychological maltreatment was negatively associated with life satisfaction through self-esteem and through the pathway from self-esteem to self-compassion. Indirect effects of the other three types of maltreatment were not significant. This suggests that self-processes are more vulnerable to psychological maltreatment than to other maltreatment types. The type of maltreatment experienced in childhood is worth considering when investigating the extending effect of child maltreatment on individual developmental outcomes. Our findings broaden the understanding of the mechanisms of the stress process model integrated with a life-course perspective. Self-related resources appear to play substantial roles in the long-term association between early stressors of psychological maltreatment in childhood and subjective well-being in emerging adulthood. Highlighting the need to work on improved self-related resources, including self-compassion and self-esteem, might help practitioners to provide treatment for survivors of adverse childhood experiences..

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