scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF SOME WEED RESIDUES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES OF GREEN GRAM (VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Kavitha D ◽  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Arumugam K
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Individual

The term allelopathy refers to the detrimental effects of higher plants of one species (the donor) on the germination, growth, or development of another species (the recipient). In the present studyallelopathic influence of weed species, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, (Poaceae), Cleome viscosa L. (Capparidaceae) and Ammania baccifera L. (Lythraceae) on green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek were investigated. The individual and combined residues of three weeds wereincorporated to the soil at the quantities of 0,1,2,3 and 4% (w/w) in the plots and the germination, seedling growth dry weight of green gram were assessed. The results showed that all the concentrations of combined weed residues exhibited higher degree of inhibitory effects than the individual weed residues in all the parameters employed in the study except at 1% of C. dactylon, where insignificant growth promotion observed. The percentage of inhibitory effects of weedresidues increases with increasing the magnitude of the residues. The degree of reduction percentage of all the growth parameters was concentration dependent.Among the three weeds, A. baccifera had more retarding effects on the growth of green gram and the order of inhibitory effect of three weed was A.baccifera, C. viscosa and E. colona.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF WEED SPEICES AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF SESAMUM INDICUM L

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Anbarasan R ◽  
Prabhakaran J
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of aqueous extracts prepared from two weed species namely Ageratum conyzoides L. and Cleome viscosa L. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The weed extracts showed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of sesame seedlings. The extracts of A.conyzoides had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of C.viscosa on growth parameters of sesame.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dairy Effluent on Germination Parameters of Seeds of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Mustard (Brassica nigra)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Jyoti Kapil ◽  
◽  
Neetika Mathur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Brassica Nigra ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Impact

The advancement of a country depends upon its industrialization. Of all industrial sectors, the food processing units have highest consumption of water and are biggest producers of effluent per unit of production.The concentration and composition of the effluent depends upon operating methods andthe size and design of the processing plant.The dairy industry generates on an average 6-10 litres of waste water per litre of the milk processed. It has relatively high organic matter, suspended solids, trace organic nutrients which are essential for growth of crop plant. Thus, the utilization of the dairy effluent for irrigation can be an eco friendly approach for its disposal. The present study was carried out to study the influence of dairy effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and biomass production in mung bean (Vigna radiata) and mustard (Brassica nigra). The seeds of both the plant species were grown in petriplates and pots irrigated with various concentrations of dairy effluent (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). The dairy effluent concentration of 20% was more favorable for total growth parameters viz., the germination percentage, the shoot length, dry weight and wet weight both in mustard and mung bean. Among different concentrations, 100% concentration of effluent caused inhibitory effect. Thus, it is recommended that only after suitable dilution, the dairy effluent can be effectively used for irrigation.

scholarly journals Effect of photosensitisers on growth and morphology of Phytophthora citrophthora coupled with leaf bioassays in pear seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Zambounis ◽  
Oksana Sytar ◽  
Dimitris Valasiadis ◽  
Zoe Hilioti
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phytophthora Citrophthora ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Zoospore Production

The phytopathogenic oomycetes of the genus Phytophthora cause devastating economic losses worldwide.<br />Naphthodianthrone compounds, present in plant extracts of buckwheat and Saint John’s wort act as photosensitiser<br />agents and exhibit antimicrobial activity against a number of pathogens. In this study, we investigated the potential<br />inhibitory effects of fagopyrin and hypericin on Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. &amp; E.H. Sm.) Leonian 1906, the<br />main causal agent of rot diseases in deciduous trees. Fagopyrin had the highest inhibitory effect in the colony growth<br />at a concentration of 2% of a stock solution (3 mg/mL), inducing clubbed hyphae with round tips. Notably, hypericin<br />also inhibited the radial colony growth and increased the hyphal branching at the subapical region, while also promoting<br />the formation of enlarged cells with irregular shapes growing collectively as biofilm-like structures. In terms of the<br />mycelial dry weight, although both photosensitisers had considerable inhibitory effects, the fagopyrin treatment was<br />most effective. Leaf bioassays showed that under dark conditions the photosensitiser pre-treated zoospores formed a<br />dense, but aberrant, mycelial growth with penetration defects. In contrast, when the zoospore production was performed<br />under light conditions, the zoospores failed to cause necrotic lesions and penetration events implying that their<br />virulence was impaired. These findings shed light on the biological effects of fagopyrin and hypericin in the regulation<br />of the mycelial growth, morphology and pathogenicity of P. citrophthora.

scholarly journals Soil amendment with Aerva javanica (Burm. F.) Juss. ex Schult. in the control of root rot fungi of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.)]

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naheed Ikram ◽  
Shahnaz Dawar
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plant Parts

Root rot fungi cause severe losses of crop plants, so the present work was carried out to determine the effect of <em>Aerva javanica </em>parts powder on root infecting fungi of mung bean (<em>Vigna radiata </em>(L.) and cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata </em>(L.) Walp.). <em>A. javanica </em>parts (stem, leaves and flower) were used as soil amendments at 0.1, 1 and 5% to check the effectiveness on growth parameters. All the plant parts showed a significant reduction in root rot fungi like <em>Fusarium </em>spp., <em>Rhizoctonia solani </em>Kuhn, and <em>Macrophomina phaseolina </em>(Tassi) Goid. It was noted that germination percentage, fresh weight, leaf area and number of nodules were significantly higher and the inhibitory effect on root rot fungi increased when the soil was amended with <em>A. javanica </em>leaves at 1%. Thus, among all the treatments, <em>A. javanica </em>leaves at 1% were found to be the most effective against root rot fungi.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Imperata Cylindrica Aqueous Extract on the Germination of Cucumis Sativus and Lolium Perenne

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2503-2508
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

In this study, the allelopathic effect of Imperata cylindrica has been investigated. Aqueous extracts of Imperata cylindrica were tested at concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, and 125 mg/ml to study different parameters on Cucumis sativus and Lolium perenne. Various factors were studied to determine the inhibition and growth of root and shoot length, percentage germination, and fresh and dry weight. Results indicated that the aqeous extract of Imperata cylindrica contain allelochemicals which may contribute to its invasiveness and extreme competitiveness. The results of this study show that Imperata cylindrica contains allelochemical compounds particularly in root and shoot extracts that might be the potential candidates for future investigations for the development of herbicides based on its secondary metabolites and their allelopathic inhibitory effects. Further research is needed to investigate the allelopathic effect of Imperata cylindrical aqueous extracts under field conditions against the associated weed species and elucidation of the mechanism of inhibition involved

scholarly journals Enhanced growth of cabbage seedlings by a Paenibacillus isolate in the presence of Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
H. Ghazalibiglar ◽  
J.G. Hampton ◽  
E. van_Zijll De_Jong ◽  
A. Holyoake
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

Paenibacillus spp are rhizobacteria that can promote plant growth through a range of mechanisms A New Zealand isolate of Paenibacillus P16 has reduced the incidence of black rot caused by Xanthamonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc) in brassicas To investigate if this response was provided through plant growth promotion isolate P16 was coapplied with Xcc as a seed treatment In the presence of Xcc P16treated seedlings had significantly greater root length leaf area and root and shoot dry weight compared to the positive control (Xcc alone) There were no significant differences in plant growth parameters between P16treated seedlings in the absence of the pathogen and the negative control (seeds without Xcc or P16) Isolate P16 enabled plants to survive and grow normally by preventing disease development; the mechanism of disease suppression requires further investigation

scholarly journals Potential and Persistence of the Inhibitory Effect of Sorghum on Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. BIESDORF ◽  
L.D. PIMENTEL ◽  
M.F.F. TEIXEIRA ◽  
E. BIESDORF ◽  
P.H.H. SALLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Inhibitory Interaction ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation

ABSTRACT: The inhibitory interaction between plants may be an important strategy of integrated weed management (IWM). This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of sorghum on phytosociology and infestation of weeds during cultivation and after harvest. An experiment was carried out in the field in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement. Plots consisted of sorghum and corn (control) and subplots were composed of different periods of weed community assessment after crop harvest (DAH) (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). An increased number of species and botanical families was observed after harvest. Degradation of sorghum and corn straw reached the stabilization at 60 DAH. Although sorghum has presented a lower amount of straw and soil cover, weed infestation was, on average, 30% lower in relation to areas cultivated with corn. Sorghum showed an inhibitory effect on some weed species, influencing phytosociology, especially during the first 40 DAH, and can be used as part of IWM strategy.

Inhibition of the Nitrification Process in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants by Industrial Discharges

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Grüttner ◽  
M. Winther-Nielsen ◽  
L. Jørgensen ◽  
P. Bøgebjerg ◽  
O. Sinkjær
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
The Individual

More than three years of pilot-plant operation has documented that inhibition of nitrification was found to influence the dimensioning of the largest Danish wastewater treatment plant, which serves a major part of Copenhagen. Hence, a program for investigating the sources of substances inhibitory to nitrification was initiated. Since the number of substances potentially inhibitory to nitrification is very high, the investigations used direct testing of inhibitory effects on nitrification as a tool for the mapping operations. The overall purpose of the investigation was to determine the types of sources of inhibitory substances and to suggest a program for source control to be implemented by the individual municipalities in the catchment area. This paper describes the strategy for sampling and the results of the first two years of activity. Major conclusions have been that the most important sources of inhibitory substances are to be found among the industries, and that nearly all of the industries investigated exhibited some kind of inhibitory effect Further, is was demonstrated that the toxic unit calculation might be used in the quantification of the sources, and that the observed effects could be explained by the chemical substances in the wastewater from the industries. Based on the above described results, a strategy for control of the inhibitory effects at the different levels of the catchment area was suggested.

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