scholarly journals Soil amendment with Aerva javanica (Burm. F.) Juss. ex Schult. in the control of root rot fungi of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.)]

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naheed Ikram ◽  
Shahnaz Dawar
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plant Parts

Root rot fungi cause severe losses of crop plants, so the present work was carried out to determine the effect of <em>Aerva javanica </em>parts powder on root infecting fungi of mung bean (<em>Vigna radiata </em>(L.) and cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata </em>(L.) Walp.). <em>A. javanica </em>parts (stem, leaves and flower) were used as soil amendments at 0.1, 1 and 5% to check the effectiveness on growth parameters. All the plant parts showed a significant reduction in root rot fungi like <em>Fusarium </em>spp., <em>Rhizoctonia solani </em>Kuhn, and <em>Macrophomina phaseolina </em>(Tassi) Goid. It was noted that germination percentage, fresh weight, leaf area and number of nodules were significantly higher and the inhibitory effect on root rot fungi increased when the soil was amended with <em>A. javanica </em>leaves at 1%. Thus, among all the treatments, <em>A. javanica </em>leaves at 1% were found to be the most effective against root rot fungi.

scholarly journals Gamma Radiation (60Co) Exposure and Application of Antagonists for the Suppression of Root Rot Diseases in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek)

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dawar ◽  
M.J. Zaki ◽  
N. Ikram ◽  
M. Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Helianthus Annus

An experiment was carried out for the control of root rot fungi such as Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). Seeds were treated with gamma radiation (60Co) for 0, 2, 8 and 16 minutes intervals and soil was drenched with different antagonists such as Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula and Rhizobium meliloti Dangeard. All the antagonists significantly increased germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot weight, root weight, leaf area and showed complete suppression of M. phaseolina and R. solani observed in mung bean and sunflower. In both crops, mostly growth parameters increased as the exposure of gamma rays increased whereas in some cases it decreased. P. aeruginosa and R. meliloti were observed to be satisfactory biocontrol agents followed by T. harzianum whereas all exposure time of irradiation of gamma rays (60Co) to seeds of mung bean and sunflower were found to be best.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4309

scholarly journals The Impact of Dairy Effluent on Germination Parameters of Seeds of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Mustard (Brassica nigra)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Jyoti Kapil ◽  
◽  
Neetika Mathur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Brassica Nigra ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Impact

The advancement of a country depends upon its industrialization. Of all industrial sectors, the food processing units have highest consumption of water and are biggest producers of effluent per unit of production.The concentration and composition of the effluent depends upon operating methods andthe size and design of the processing plant.The dairy industry generates on an average 6-10 litres of waste water per litre of the milk processed. It has relatively high organic matter, suspended solids, trace organic nutrients which are essential for growth of crop plant. Thus, the utilization of the dairy effluent for irrigation can be an eco friendly approach for its disposal. The present study was carried out to study the influence of dairy effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and biomass production in mung bean (Vigna radiata) and mustard (Brassica nigra). The seeds of both the plant species were grown in petriplates and pots irrigated with various concentrations of dairy effluent (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). The dairy effluent concentration of 20% was more favorable for total growth parameters viz., the germination percentage, the shoot length, dry weight and wet weight both in mustard and mung bean. Among different concentrations, 100% concentration of effluent caused inhibitory effect. Thus, it is recommended that only after suitable dilution, the dairy effluent can be effectively used for irrigation.

scholarly journals Burkholderia SP. Strain TNAU-1 for Biological Control of Root Rot in Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.) Caused by Macrophomina Phaseolina

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalakshmi Satya ◽  
Ayyathurai Vijayasamundeeswari ◽  
Vaikuntavasan Paranidharan ◽  
Rethinasamy Velazhahan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Powder Formulation

BurkholderiaSP. Strain TNAU-1 for Biological Control of Root Rot in Mung Bean (Vigna RadiataL.) Caused byMacrophomina PhaseolinaThe potential ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 for the management of mung bean (Vigna radiataL.) root rot caused byMacrophomina phaseolinawas evaluated under greenhouse conditions.Burkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 inhibited the mycelial growth ofM. phaseolina in vitroand produced an inhibition zone of 18.8 mm. Mung bean seeds when treated with the bacterial suspension, showed significant increase in root length, shoot length and seedling vigour. A talc-based powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 was developed and evaluated for its efficacy in the management of mung bean root rot under greenhouse conditions. Seed treatment or soil application of the powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 significantly reduced the incidence of root rot and increased the germination percentage and plant height. Seed treatment with the powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 alone was effective in controlling root rot disease; but the combined seed treatment and soil application ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1, increased the efficacy. Seed treatment and soil application withBurkholderiasp. reduced the root rot incidence from 52.6 per cent (with non-bacterized seeds) to 16.7 per cent. Control of root rot with the application ofBurkholderiasp. by seed treatment and soil application was not statistically different from that obtained with seed treatment with carbendazim. The endophytic movement ofBurkholderiasp. in the stem, roots and leaves of mung bean was confirmed through PCR usingBurkholderiasp. specific primers which resulted in the amplification of a 417 bp product.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF WEED SPEICES AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF SESAMUM INDICUM L

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Anbarasan R ◽  
Prabhakaran J
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of aqueous extracts prepared from two weed species namely Ageratum conyzoides L. and Cleome viscosa L. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The weed extracts showed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of sesame seedlings. The extracts of A.conyzoides had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of C.viscosa on growth parameters of sesame.

scholarly journals Chromium Toxicity in Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
R. Bakiyaraj ◽  
T. Mahakavi ◽  
L. Baskaran
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Cr Concentration

Chromium is one of the most common toxic metals present in the environment that induces various toxic effects in plants. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of chromium on germination percentage, seedling growth, chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and proline content of Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. The seedlings were treated with different concentrations of control, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g kg-1 of chromium. The parameters such as germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling fresh weight dry weight, chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and proline content of leaves were measured. Our results indicated that a significant inhibitory effect was observed at all levels of chromium compared to control. Increasing the concentration of chromium to 1.00 g kg-1 showed a significant decrease in seed germination, shoot and root length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ content of plant. While proline, catalase and peroxidase contents were increased by increasing Cr concentration. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.

scholarly journals Interaction of Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani as root rot pathogens of Cucumis melo

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
Maria Alice Formiga Porto ◽  
Márcia Michelle de Queiroz Ambrósio ◽  
Selma Rogéria de Carvalho Nascimento ◽  
Beatriz Letícia Silva da Cruz ◽  
Taffarel Melo Torres
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Mixed Inoculum

ABSTRACT Root diseases represent one of the main reasons for yield loss in melon crops, especially root and stem rots caused by pathogens like the fungi Fusarium solani (Fs), Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp) and Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), frequently observed in muskmelon either alone or in combination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between the pathogens Fs, Mp and Rs on the incidence and severity of root rot and muskmelon development. Two greenhouse experiments were performed using plastic pots with substrate infested with each pathogenic agent alone or in combination. The second experiment was conducted in the same pots that were used in the first experiment. In the first experiment, the disease incidence was higher for the treatment with Fs alone. In the second experiment, the disease incidence and severity were greater for treatment Fs + Rs than for Fs alone. Macrophomina phaseolina was the most commonly isolated pathogen when applied to the plants in a paired mixed inoculum (Fs + Mp and Mp + Rs) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, Fs was more prevalent than the other studied pathogens. Soil infested with Fs had the lowest fresh weight of muskmelon. The pathogens Fs and Mp were more competitive than Rs.

Evaluation for the Resistance of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Germplasm against Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Kumar ◽  
Data Ram Kumhar ◽  
Surbhi Garg ◽  
Mahendra Partap
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Serious Disease

Background: The green gram (Vigna radiata L.) is the major legume crop in India. Dry root rot(DRR) incited by M. phaseolina is a serious problem to the green gram production area in the world and India; Dry root rot has in recent years become a major obstacle to the successful and gainful growing of green gram, which can lead to significant losses in green gram production. The host plant resistance is the best alternative to management the DRR of the green gram, it is an economical and eco-friendly way to disease management. In the experiment, Twenty-five green gram germplasm has been tested for resistance to DRR, a serious disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Methods: M. phaseolina sand maize meal inoculum was applied to the field in sufficient amounts to maintain the sick plot before planting green gram germplasm, each germplasm was planted in three rows of 5 m in length, maintaining a distance between plants of 10 cm, the incidence of DRR was recorded using a disease rating scale. Based on disease reaction, green gram germplasm was grouped into different categoriesResult: From 25 green gram germplasm, four germplasm showed a resistant reaction to dry root rot, namely IPM-02-03, G-2, MH-2-15, MUM-2, while this has been observed. Susceptibility of green gram germplasm to dry root rot such as RMG-26.

scholarly journals Exploring the Herbicidal Potential of Achyranthes aspera Against Some Weeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. TANVEER ◽  
M.E. SAFDAR ◽  
N. FAROOQ ◽  
M.I. SUDOZAI ◽  
M.A. NADEEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Narrow Leaf ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Lathyrus Aphaca

ABSTRACT: The phytotoxic composition of Achyranthes aspera was identified through HPLC, and its herbicidal potential was investigated against two narrow leaf weeds viz., Phalaris minor Retz. and Avena fatua L.; and four broad leaf weeds viz. Lathyrus aphaca L., Vicia sativa L., Convolvolus arvensis L. and Asphodelus tenuifolius L. through bioassays. Weed seeds were grown in the aqueous extracts of various plant parts (roots, leaf, stem, fruit and whole plant) of A. aspera at 5% (w/v) concentration. The extracts of all plant parts caused significant reductions with differential degree in germination percentage and mean germination time. Phalaris minor, A. fatua, L. aphaca, V. sativa and A. tenuifolius completely failed to germinate whereas C. arvensis showed the lowest GP (20%) in response to 5% fruit extract of A. aspera. Inhibition of seed germination of all weeds was higher with the fruit extract than with the root, stem, leaf and whole plant extracts of A. aspera. Seed germination of all narrow leaf weeds was completely inhibited at the 5% fruit extract of A. aspera. The highest phytotoxic inhibitory effect of A. aspera fruit extract was proved to be due to the presence of gallic acid (88.4 mg kg-1), caffeic acid (519.2 mg g-1) and m-coumaric acid (51.4 mg kg-1) as assessed by their HPLC analyses. The study, therefore, showed that A. aspera exerts an inhibitory effect on germination of weeds and can be further explored as a pre- or post-emergence herbicide to provide natural alternative to chemical herbicides in the future.

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