scholarly journals Coconut Oil: Bringing History, Common Sense and Science Together

KIMIKA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Fabian M. Dayrit
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Damaging Effects

The modern Western diet has suffered the damaging effects of trans fats, much of it from soybean oil. It is suffering another blow, this time from the damaging effects of an excess of omega-6 fats, again from soybean oil. The vast majority of epidemiological studies do not distinguish between coconut oil and animal fat, and simply refer to them collectively as “saturated fat.” This is a fatal mistake for two reasons: first, the fatty acid profiles of coconut oil and animal fat are very different, and second, coconut oil hardly has any cholesterol while animal fats contain a lot of cholesterol. This means that the results based on animal fat cannot be applied to coconut oil. Contrary to the claim of the AHA, there is abundant evidence to show that coconut oil and a coconut diet do not raise the incidence of heart disease and are, in fact, part of many healthy traditional diets. Many populations who shifted from a traditional coconut diet to a Western diet have suffered worse health outcomes. However, the historical and scientific evidence in support of coconut oil may not be enough to convince the AHA which favors a high omega-6 diet.

scholarly journals The Warning on Saturated Fat: From Defective Experiments to Defective Guidelines

KIMIKA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Fabian M. Dayrit
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Omega 6

Coconut oil has been adversely affected by the current dietary guidelines that advocate a lowering of total fat and the replacement of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat. This recommendation has its origins in the saturated fat-cholesterol-heart disease hypothesis that Ancel Keys first proposed in 1957. This hypothesis became an official recommendation with the publication of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in 1980 and has been adopted by many other countries and international agencies. The dietary recommendations also warn against coconut oil. Recently, the American Heart Association re-issued this warning in its 2017 Presidential Advisory. However, a critical review of the experiments that Keys conducted has revealed experimental errors and biases that cast serious doubt on the correctness of his hypothesis and the warnings against coconut oil. Further, the recommendation to decrease saturated fat recommendation effectively means an increase in unsaturated fat in the diet. The actual result has been an increase in omega-6 fats and a high omega-6 to omega-3 fat ratio. This unhealthy ratio has been linked to heart disease, the very disease that the AHA wants to target, as well as cancer and inflammatory diseases. Defective experiments have led to defective guidelines. This first paper in this series of papers will present these errors and biases and address the points raised by the AHA.

Medical management: lifestyle and behavioural changes

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1384-1387
Author(s):  
Nicolas Danchin ◽  
Etienne Puymirat ◽  
Nadia Aissaoui
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Meta Analyses

Numerous epidemiological studies have reported diverse associations between lifestyle and coronary artery disease. Clinical trials assessing the long-term impact of lifestyle modification, however, are scarce, and most of current recommendations are therefore based upon weak scientific evidence. Smoking cessation is a major component of lifestyle adaptation in smokers, and its benefits are not disputed. Regular physical activity is also beneficial, although the optimal amount of physical exercise is uncertain. Regarding nutrition, a balanced diet with increased vegetable and fruit intake, as well as olive oil and nuts are likely to be beneficial; the conventional regimen limiting the amount of saturated fat is not supported by the most recent meta-analyses on the topic. Finally, other lifestyle aspects are important, in particular stress management and addressing specific risk factors such as obesity and diabetes.

scholarly journals 346 Supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil to enhance carcass quality of beef cattle via metabolic imprinting events

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
David Bohnert ◽  
Rodrigo Marques
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Metabolic Imprinting ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) at 2 mo of age via creep-feeding, upon weaning at 6 months of age, or no CSSO supplementation on growth and carcass development of beef cattle. A total of 64 steers were enrolled in this study over 2 years (32 steers/year), with 4 phases per year: creep-feeding (d 0 to 60), pre-weaning (d 61 to 120), post-weaning (d 121 to 180) and feedlot (181 to slaughter). On d 0 steers were ranked by body weight (BW) and age (114 ± 2 kg; 66 ± 0.5 d) and randomly assigned, in a 2 x 2 factorial, to receive 80 g/steer daily (creep-feeding) or 150 g/steer daily (post-weaning) of CSSO. Non-supplemented steers (CON) were provided with equivalent saturated fat supplement. On d 0, 61, 120, 180, and 330 steers were evaluated for longissimus muscle depth, backfat thickness, and marbling via real time ultrasonography, blood was sampled for determination of plasma fatty acid composition, muscle samples were collected via needle biopsy, and BW was recorded. After the creep-feeding phase, CSSO steers had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of linoleic, omega-6, and total PUFA compared with CON. Steers that received CSSO during the postweaning phase had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of linoleic, omega·-6, and total FA compared with CON prior to feedlot entry. No treatment differences were detected for performance or body composition responses (P > 0.25) during any phase. However, mRNA expression of adipogenic/lipogenic genes was greater (P < 0.03) prior to slaughter (d 330) in muscle of steers that had received CSSO during the creep-feeding phase. Results from this experiment suggest that supplementing CSSO to nursing beef steers via creep feeding stimulated metabolic imprinting effects through enhanced adipogenic gene expression, however did not alter phenotypic variables.

scholarly journals Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Barendse
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Processed Form ◽  
Human Health Effects

Humans hunt or raise a wide variety of animals for meat, which vary from free-range to intensively reared. These animals form a valuable part of human nutrition. Their tissues, including the fat, contain vitamin and other essential nutrients necessary for health. However, animal fat from ruminants and other land mammals is usually regarded as saturated. The purpose of this review is partly to examine the basis for the saturated fat hypothesis of cardiovascular disease given more recent research, to examine the human health effects of animal fats, and partly to draw into one place the diverse knowledge about animal fat and the effects of fat on metabolism. Mechanistic understanding of the initiation of the fatty streak and atherosclerosis calls into question the avoidance of ruminant or porcine fat. Due to high levels of oleic acid, a low n-6 : n-3 fatty acid ratio in some groups, and the presence of specific micronutrients including vitamins and essential fatty acids, animal fats are of benefit in human nutrition. Animal fats can be obtained in minimally processed form making them a convenient source of energy and micronutrients.

scholarly journals The microbiome affects liver sphingolipids and plasma fatty acids in a murine model of the Western diet based on soybean oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 108808
Author(s):  
Sara C. Di Rienzi ◽  
Elizabeth L. Johnson ◽  
Jillian L. Waters ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kennedy ◽  
Juliet Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids

scholarly journals A Mixture of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ω-3 and ω-6 Reduces Melanoma Growth by Inhibiting Inflammatory Mediators in the Murine Tumor Microenvironment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Ewin B. Almeida ◽  
Karina P.H. Silva ◽  
Vitoria Paixão ◽  
Jônatas B. do Amaral ◽  
Marcelo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Melanoma Growth

Background: Although it has been previously demonstrated that acute inflammation can promote the tumor growth of a sub-tumorigenic dose of melanoma cells through of 5-lipoxygenase inflammatory pathway and its product leukotriene B4, and also that the peritumoral treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid and its product, leukotriene B5, reduces the tumor development, the effect of the treatment by gavage with omega-3 and omega-6 in the tumor microenvironment favorable to melanoma growth associated with acute inflammation has never been studied. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were coinjected with 1 × 106 apoptotic cells plus 1 × 103 viable melanoma cells into the subcutaneous tissue and treated by gavage with omega-3-rich fish oil or omega-6-rich soybean oil or a mixture of these oils (1:1 ratio) during five consecutive days. Results: The treatment by gavage with a mixture of fish and soybean oils (1:1 ratio) both reduced the melanoma growth and the levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGE2/prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) ratio, and CXC ligand 1 (CXCL1) and increased the levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) to IL-10/CXCL1 ratio in the melanoma microenvironment. Conclusion: The oral administration of a 1:1 mixture of fish oil and soybean oil was able to alter the release of inflammatory mediators that are essential for a microenvironment favorable to the melanoma growth in mice, whereas fish oil or soybean oil alone was ineffective.

Effect of saturated fat diets on rat liver NADP-linked enzymes

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Tepperman ◽  
Jay Tepperman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The aggregate hexosemonophosphate dehydrogenase (HMPD) activity was found to be higher in livers of rats fed a diet containing saturated fat (hydrogenated coconut oil = H) for 7 days and fasted for 48 hr than it was in similarly prepared animals fed a corn oil (CO) diet. Later, a liver HMPD-increasing effect of feeding H was found in nonfasted animals. Lipogenesis (i.e., the incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into fatty acids by liver slices) was shown to be as low or lower in the H group as in the CO. Liver slices prepared from H and CO diet adapted rats were incubated with either acetate-1-C14 or palmitate-1-C14 and the extent of incorporation of C14 into individual fatty acids was measured. With both substrates more radioactivity was found in 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 in the case of H-fed animals. It is proposed that a component of the signal for eliciting increased NADP-linked enzyme activity in the H rats was an increased rate of oxidation of NADPH attendant on monoene formation and chain lengthening.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus, Cognitive Impairment, and Traditional Chinese Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Seto ◽  
G. Y. Yang ◽  
H. Kiat ◽  
A. Bensoussan ◽  
Y. W. Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder affecting a large number of people worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that DM can cause damage to multiple systems, leading to complications such as heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disorders. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that DM is closely associated with dementia and cognition dysfunction, with recent research focusing on the role of DM-mediated cerebrovascular damage in dementia. Despite the therapeutic benefits of antidiabetic agents for the treatment of DM-mediated cognitive dysfunction, most of these pharmaceutical agents are associated with various undesirable side-effects and their long-term benefits are therefore in doubt. Early evidence exists to support the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions, which tend to have minimal toxicity and side-effects. More importantly, these TCM interventions appear to offer significant effects in reducing DM-related complications beyond blood glucose control. However, more research is needed to further validate these claims and to explore their relevant mechanisms of action. The aims of this paper are (1) to provide an updated overview on the association between DM and cognitive dysfunction and (2) to review the scientific evidence underpinning the use of TCM interventions for the treatment and prevention of DM-induced cognitive dysfunction and dementia.

Animal fats as a suitable feedstock for co-processing with atmospheric gas oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor de Paz Carmona ◽  
Aleš Vráblík ◽  
José Miguel Hidalgo Herrador ◽  
Romana Velvarská ◽  
Radek Černý
Keyword(s):  
Gas Oil ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Animal Fat

Effects of animal fat addition in hydrotreated gas oil.

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