scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Ethyl acetate Fraction of Millettia aboensis Stem Bark on Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark

scholarly journals Determination of Phenolics and Flavonoids of Some Useful Medicinal Plants and Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Substances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst Stem (Bark) Extract and Their Efficacy Against Salmonella typhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salihu Abdallah ◽  
Muskhazli Mustafa ◽  
Meenakshii A/P. Nallappan ◽  
Sangho Choi ◽  
Jin-Hyub Paik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Gallic acid and catechin are the most abundant phenolic and flavonoid contents found in all plant extracts. The contents and the bioassay-guided fractionating substances of the Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) fraction played vital roles. The goals of the study were to determine the contents of some useful medicinal plants and the bioassay-guided fractionation substances of S. birrea fraction compounds capable of acting against Salmonella isolate using LC-MS/LC-HRMS (Dionex ultimate 3000 RS UPLC with Thermo Scientific Q Exactive Orbitrap Hybrid Tandem Mass Spectrometer). The Folin–Ciocalteu reagent procedure and flavonoid content determination were conducted spectrophotometrically. Bioassay-guided fractionation, chronological partitioning, and screening of the antibacterial action against Salmonella typhi were performed. The ethyl acetate fraction extracts of S. birrea stem (bark) extract were analyzed using LC-MS/LC-HRMS. The gallic acid content increased tremendously in Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter and Mabb (Fabaceae) pod extracts with curve fitting (R2 = 0.9958). Catechin content increase was significantly increased in S. birrea stem (bark) extracts followed by that of V. nilotica pod extracts with curve fitting (R2 = 0.9993); they were all significantly different in the Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. and the Leptadenia lanceolata (Poir.) Goyder leaves extracts at p value <0.0001. Subsequently, 10 mg/ml of S. birrea stem (bark) ethyl acetate fraction extract was the MIC, where no MBC was recorded and susceptible to the positive control with the highest inhibition zone, followed by the ethyl acetate fraction extract at 10 mg/ml (9.7 ± 0.0) at Turkey’s p < 0.0001. Vidarabine is one of the novel compounds, specifically having antimicrobial actions, found in the S. birrea stem (bark). Reasonable amounts of phenolic and flavonoid contents determined the actions of the individual plant extract.

Inhibitory and Reversal Effects of Extracts and Fractions of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. on Sodium Metabisulphite– induced Polymerization of Sickle Cell Haemoglobin

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Taiwo O. Elufioye ◽  
Omolola A. Olaifa ◽  
Mojisola C. Cyril-Olutayo
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite

Background: The leaves and stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Pirr. (Combretaceae) are commonly included in recipes used for the management of sickle cell disease in western part of Nigeria. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of methanol extract and various fractions of A. leiocarpa leaves and stem bark to inhibit as well as reverse sodium metabisulphite induced polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin. Method: The modified Emmel test was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity and the reversal effects of the extracts and fractions of both the leaves and the stem bark of A. leiocarpa in vitro. Results: Both the leaves and the stem bark extracts of A. leiocarpa were effective at inhibiting as well as reversing sodium metabisulphite induced polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin, though the activity was higher in the leaves (94.52 ± 0.80% and 95.67 ± 0.67% respectively) when compared with the stem bark (51.79 ± 2.46 % and 50.45 ± 3.18 % respectively). The ethyl acetate fraction of both leaves and stem bark also gave good activities in both test methods with percentage reversal of 82.74 ± 1.82% and 67.63 ± 2.18% respectively. Conclusions: : A. leiocarpa extracts and ethyl acetate fractions exhibit good inhibition and reversal of sodium metabisulphite–induced polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin thus justifying its inclusion in remedies used for the traditional management of sickle cell.

Biochemical and hematological effects of acute and sub-acute administration to ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark Scutia buxifolia Reissek in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 908-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia R.H. da Silva ◽  
Laís da R. Moreira ◽  
Evelyne da S. Brum ◽  
Mayara L. de Freitas ◽  
Aline A. Boligon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Hematological Effects

scholarly journals TYROSINASE INHIBITION, 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY, AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FRACTIONS AND ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM LEAVES AND STEM BARK OF MATOA (POMETIA PINNATA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Rani Sauriasari ◽  
Nur Azizah ◽  
Katrin Basah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitor ◽  
Active Fraction

Objective: This study aims to investigate the potency of matoa as a tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant and also to identify the chemical compounds in the most active fraction and an ethanol extract from the leaves and stem bark of matoa.Methods: The extracts were tested for their tyrosinase inhibitory activity by evaluating the formation of L-dopachrome at 490 nm. Antioxidant activity was tested using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The most active extract from liquid-liquid partition analysis was fractionated, and then, the assays were performed.Results: The ethanol extract of leaves and stem bark of matoa showed weak anti-tyrosinase activity (percent inhibition was 24.54±0.22% and 21.93±0.57%, respectively, final concentration 200 μg/mL), but they showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 values were 6.11 μg/mL and 5.47 μg/mL, respectively). The ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction with an IC50 value of 5.38 μg/mL. Ethanol extract from the leaves and stem bark of matoa and the ethyl acetate fraction contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and glycosides.Conclusion: Matoa does not have potency as a tyrosinase inhibitor, but it has good antioxidant activity, although still lower than that of quercetin.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the antimicrobial activity of partitioned fractions of the stem-bark of ceiba pentandra (bombacaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 004-008
Author(s):  
Njinga N. S. ◽  
Sule M. I. ◽  
Pateh U. U. ◽  
Hassan H. S. ◽  
Ache R. N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

AbstractDue to the emergence of more and more drug resistance bacteria and the reported antibacterial activity of Ceiba pentandra, the antimicrobial activity of the partitioned ethyl-acetate and n-butanol fractions of the stem-bark of this plant were carried out on the following clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyrogenes; corynebacterium ulcereans; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi; Shigella dysenterea; Enterococcus aerogenes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; klebsiella pneumonia and the fungi Trichophytom rubrum, Microsporum sp., Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Agar diffusion and broth delusion methods were used in this study. The ethyl acetate fraction showed wide spectrum antibacteria activity (with zones of inhibition between 27mm and 37mm) while the n-butanol extract showed activity only against the gram negative bacteria (zones of inhibition between 20mm and 21mm). The MIC ranged from 0.65 to 2.5 mg/ml and 2.5 to 5 mg/ml and MBC ranged from 2.5 mg/ml and 5 – 10 mg/ml for the ethylacetate and n-butanol respectively. Both fractions showed no activity against the fungi used in this study. The preliminary phytochemistry of the ethyl acetate showed the presence of only flavonoid and this may explain the activity against all the bacteria. The n-butanol showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycoside and the absence of flavonoid and alkaloids. This study justifies the use of this plant in herbal medicine.

scholarly journals UJI IN VITRO DAN IN SILICO SENYAWA 5,7,2’,5’-TETRAHYDROXY FLAVAN-3-OL TERHADAP ENZIM ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Frengki Frengki ◽  
Deddi Prima ◽  
Fatma Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Daan Khambri ◽  
Henny Vanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Several of Calophyllums genus have been searched and proven as medicinal plants and Calophyllum macrophyllum is one of its genus. We have been isolated a compound from ethyl acetate fraction of the stem-bark. The compound was flavan-3-ol (5,7,2’,5’-tetrahydroxy flavan-3-ol). This research aimed to determine inhibition antidiabetic activity and affinity of its compound on α-glycosidase enzyme. In vitro antidiabetic effect shown by IC50 9.10 µg/ml and docking by Arguslab 4.01 shown by ΔG -10,24 kkal/mol as in silico test. The inhibition activity of flavan-3-ol against the α-glucosidase enzyme that is very strong shows its promising potential as a candidate for antidiabetic drugs.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibition of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas efflux pump by Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Jeremiah John Oloche ◽  
◽  
Bolaji Bosede Oluremi ◽  
Temiloluwa Oyindamola Koya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

Global health is under constant threat due to antimicrobial drug resistance. Bacterial Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of importance because of their antibiotics resistance. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (XA) on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas isolates. Fresh samples of XA leaf, stem bark and roots were collected from the botanical garden, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Dried and pulverized samples were extracted with methanol and partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed by standard methods. Antimicrobial activity and synergistic interaction were determined using microdilution and checkerboard broth dilution methods, respectively. The results revealed that crude methanol extracts of XA leaf, stem bark and root significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the growth of all tested MDR Pseudomonas isolates at 10 mg/mL. At 1 mg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf, and dichloromethane fraction of the roots produced clear zones of inhibition of 12 – 20 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 µg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The modulation factor (MF) of ciprofloxacin, dichloromethane fraction of XA roots and ethyl acetate fraction of XA leaf were 4, 8, and 4 on MDR isolates E01006, OAU058 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, respectively. In all tested isolates, but not E01006 and E01024, the fractional MICs of ciprofloxacin/ethylacetate fraction of XA leaf extract combination was not significantly different (p>0.05) compared with ciprofloxacin/verapamil combination. In conclusion, the root and leaf fractions Xylopia aethiopica that demonstrated antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa and synergised with ciprofloxacin have the potential to rejuvenate the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin in MDR P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Wound-healing evaluation of ointment from Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) in rat skin

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzmarina Hernandes ◽  
Luciene Marques da Silva Pereira ◽  
Fabiana Palazzo ◽  
João Carlos Palazzo de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Vincristine Sulfate ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Made In

This study evaluated the cicatrizant effect of an ointment containing 1% of the ethyl-acetate fraction extracted from the stem bark of "barbatimão" (Stryphnodendron adstringens), in wounds made in the skin of rats, after 4, 7 and 10 days of treatment. Control wounds were treated with a base ointment without extract. The proliferation of keratinocytes in the area of reepithelialization was evaluated by counting the number of epithelial cells that were blocked in metaphase by vincristine sulfate. The length of the reepithelialized margin and the contraction of the wound were measured. Topical application of the "barbatimão" ointment stimulated proliferation of the keratinocytes, but had no effect on the length of the epithelium or on the contraction of the wounds.

scholarly journals ANTI-MALARIAL COMPOUND FROM THE STEM BARK OF Erythrina variegata

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tati Herlina ◽  
Unang Supratman ◽  
M. S. Soedjanaatmadja ◽  
Anas Subarnas ◽  
Supriyatna Sutardjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Erythrina Variegata ◽  
Ldh Assay

During the course of our continuing search for novel anti-malarial compounds from Indonesian plants, the methanol extract of the bark of E. variegata showed significant anti-malarial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum in vitro using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The methanol extract of the bark of E. variegata  was separated by using bioassay-guide fractionation. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the most activity, exhibiting equipotency against both strains of parasite with IC50 of 23.8 µg/mL against 3D7 and 9.3 µg/mL against K1. Furthermore, by using the anti-malarial activity to follow separation, the ethyl acetate fraction was separated by combination of column chromatography to yield an active compound. The chemical structure of active compound was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and comparison with those previously reported and identified as an isoflavonoid, warangalone. The warangalone showed anti-malarial activity against both strains of parasite used with IC50 of 4.8 µg/mL against 3D7 and 3.7 µg/mL against K1.   Keywords: Antimalarial, Erythrina variegata, warangalone

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