Inhibitory and Reversal Effects of Extracts and Fractions of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. on Sodium Metabisulphite– induced Polymerization of Sickle Cell Haemoglobin

Background: The leaves and stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Pirr. (Combretaceae) are commonly included in recipes used for the management of sickle cell disease in western part of Nigeria. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of methanol extract and various fractions of A. leiocarpa leaves and stem bark to inhibit as well as reverse sodium metabisulphite induced polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin. Method: The modified Emmel test was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity and the reversal effects of the extracts and fractions of both the leaves and the stem bark of A. leiocarpa in vitro. Results: Both the leaves and the stem bark extracts of A. leiocarpa were effective at inhibiting as well as reversing sodium metabisulphite induced polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin, though the activity was higher in the leaves (94.52 ± 0.80% and 95.67 ± 0.67% respectively) when compared with the stem bark (51.79 ± 2.46 % and 50.45 ± 3.18 % respectively). The ethyl acetate fraction of both leaves and stem bark also gave good activities in both test methods with percentage reversal of 82.74 ± 1.82% and 67.63 ± 2.18% respectively. Conclusions: : A. leiocarpa extracts and ethyl acetate fractions exhibit good inhibition and reversal of sodium metabisulphite–induced polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin thus justifying its inclusion in remedies used for the traditional management of sickle cell.

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In-vitro antisickling and sickling-reversal activities of Carica papaya fruit at different stages of ripening

Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) ◽

10.38029/bumj.v3i2.38 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 10-18

Author(s):

Adekunle Adetayo ◽

Modupe Adetayo ◽

Oluwatosin Shokunbi ◽

Adesola Oyelese

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

P Value ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Clinical Complications ◽

One Way Anova

Objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a haemoglobinopathy that causes several clinical complications. Unripe Carica papaya has been shown to possess antisickling activity that could reduce these complications. This study aimed to examine the presence of antisickling and sickling-reversal activities of aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of C. papaya fruit at different stages of ripening. Methods: Unripe, partly ripe, and fully ripe fruits were quantitatively screened for some phytochemicals using standard methods. Blood samples from sickle cell patients were used to investigate antisickling and sickling reversal activities of aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of the fruits. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The p-value was set at 0.05. Results: Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and polyphenols were found in varying concentrations in C. papaya fruit at the different stages of ripening. All extracts and fractions showed antisickling and sickling-reversal activities with the ethyl acetate fraction of partly ripe C. papaya being most effective. Conclusion: The study showed that C. papaya fruit at different stages of ripening contains antisickling and sickling-reversal activities which may help reduce the associated complications of SCD when consumed by affected individuals.

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ANTI-MALARIAL COMPOUND FROM THE STEM BARK OF Erythrina variegata

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21547 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 308-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tati Herlina ◽

Unang Supratman ◽

M. S. Soedjanaatmadja ◽

Anas Subarnas ◽

Supriyatna Sutardjo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Active Compound ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Erythrina Variegata ◽

Ldh Assay

During the course of our continuing search for novel anti-malarial compounds from Indonesian plants, the methanol extract of the bark of E. variegata showed significant anti-malarial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum in vitro using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The methanol extract of the bark of E. variegata was separated by using bioassay-guide fractionation. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the most activity, exhibiting equipotency against both strains of parasite with IC50 of 23.8 µg/mL against 3D7 and 9.3 µg/mL against K1. Furthermore, by using the anti-malarial activity to follow separation, the ethyl acetate fraction was separated by combination of column chromatography to yield an active compound. The chemical structure of active compound was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and comparison with those previously reported and identified as an isoflavonoid, warangalone. The warangalone showed anti-malarial activity against both strains of parasite used with IC50 of 4.8 µg/mL against 3D7 and 3.7 µg/mL against K1. Keywords: Antimalarial, Erythrina variegata, warangalone

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In-Vitro Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic Activity, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Phenol-Rich Extract from the Marine Red Algae Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24203708 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (20) ◽

pp. 3708 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gunathilaka ◽

Samarakoon ◽

Ranasinghe ◽

Peiris

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Red Algae ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Gracilaria Edulis ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

Obesity and diabetes are major metabolic disorders which are prevalent worldwide. Algae has played an important role in managing these disorders. In this study, Gracilaria edulis, a marine red algae, was investigated for antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential using in vitro models. De-polysaccharide methanol extract of G. edulis was sequentially partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and antioxidants, and hypoglycemic potentials were evaluated using multiple methods. High antioxidant potential was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant power, iron chelating, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, while the crude methanol extract exhibited potent oxygen radical-absorbance capacity. Potent α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction, while the ethyl acetate fraction was effective against α-glucosidase inhibition. Glucose diffusion was inhibited by the ethyl acetate fraction at 180 min, and the highest antiglycation activity was observed in both chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of several potent anti-diabetic compounds. In conclusion, G. edulis exhibited promising antidiabetic potential via multiple mechanisms. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest hypoglycemic and antiglycation potential among the four fractions, and hence the isolation of active compounds is required to develop leads for new drugs to treat diabetes.

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Ethnobotanical Survey and In vitro Antisickling Effect of Some Selected Medicinal Plants

Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry ◽

10.9734/ajrb/2021/v9i130190 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Ibrahim Sani ◽

Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja ◽

Maimuna Haruna

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey

Background: Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder in which an individual inherits the sickle cell allele from both parents. The modern disease modifying therapies are quite expensive and often come with side effects, hence, there is need to search for natural alternatives from medicinal plants. This research was aimed at evaluating the antisickling effects of some selected medicinal plants. Materials and Methods: Ethnobotanical survey was conducted on the medicinal plants used in Zuru Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria for the treatment/management of sickle cell disease. Five (5) most cited plants; Carica papaya leaf, Prosopis africana stem-bark, Guiera senegalensis leaf, Syzygium aromaticum seed and Boswellia dalzielli stem bark were selected and their methanol extracts were subjected to in vitro antisickling activity using sodium metabisulphite. Phytochemical screening on the most active plant extracts was conducted using standard methods. Results: The plant extracts and their combinations exhibited antisickling activities with varying degrees of efficacy. C. papaya leaf extract, P. africana stem bark extract and G. senegalensis leaf extract were the most potent that caused reduction in the percentage sickling to 3.87±2.73, 8.38±1.06 and 28.35±2.07% respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids and Tannins in all the three (3) plant extracts. Anthraquinones and glycosides were present only C. papaya and G. senegalensis leaf extracts, while Flavonoids and Saponins were only present in G. senegalensis leaf extract and P. africana stem bark extracts. Phenols were present in C. papaya leaf extract and P. africana stem bark extracts, while phlobatannins was only in C. papaya leaf extract. Conclusion: The medicinal plant extracts were able to reduce the percentage of sickled cells. This may be due to the presence of some of the phytochemicals. Hence, these medicinal plants may be used as alternative to hydroxyurea in ameliorating the sickling in human HbS containing RBCs.

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PENDAYAGUNAAN DUA JENIS ZINGIBERACEAE [C. mangga (temu mangga) dan K. angustifolia (kunci menir)] SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN IMUNOMODULATOR SECARA IN VITRO

Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jtl.v11i3.1189 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 435

Author(s):

Praptiwi . ◽

Chairul .

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Macrophage Cells ◽

Almost All

Observation of imunomodulation properties of methanol extract derive (hexane,ethyl acetate, methanol/water) of Curcuma mangga (temu mangga) and Kaempferia angustifolia (kunci menir) had been carried out by in vitro assay. It was done by determining the phagocytised activity and capacity of macrophage cells of mice (Mus musculus) peritonium inducted with Staphyllococcus epidermidis. The result showed that each fraction had different phagocytised activity and capacity. Almost all of the fractions tested improved the activity (50–96 %) and capacity macrophage cells phagocytised compared to negative control (52 dan 502) and positive control (97 dan 1076). The positive control was 1000 ug Stimuno (Phyllanthus niruri extract), while the negative control was aquadest. The ethyl acetate fraction of Z. cassumunar (bangle) had highestphagocytised activity and capacity followed by C. mangga (temu mangga) and K. Angustifolia (kunci menir). It can be concluded that there were significant differences of phagocytised activity and capacity among fraction tested.Keywords : Zingiberaceae, Curcuma mangga, Kaempferia rotunda, Zingibercassumunar, immunomodulator, phagocytised, macrophage cells.

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IN VITRO STUDY OF THE BRONCHORELAXATION EFFECT OF COPTOSAPELTA FLAVESCENS KORTH. ROOT’S EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.31401 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 94-97

Author(s):

KHEMASILI KOSALA ◽

MOCH. ARIS WIDODO ◽

SANARTO SANTOSO ◽

SETYAWATI SOEHARTO

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Negative Control ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Organ Bath ◽

Response Curves ◽

Methanol Fraction

Objective: This study aimed to compare the bronchorelaxation effect of the methanol extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol fraction of Coptosapelta flavescens Korth. roots (CFRs) on the isolated bronchial rings of guinea pig. Methods: Research design was experimental in which a 4-mm long bronchus of a male guinea pig was kept in an isolated organ bath containing Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37°C, pH 7.4, and flooded with carbogen gas. The bronchial ring was precontracted with methacholine and then given six doses of C. flavescens Korth. root’s methanol extract (MECFR) solution cumulatively. The extract’s solvent 10% dimethyl sulfoxide ethanol was used as negative control. This procedure was then repeated using CFRs hexane fraction (HFCFR) solution, CFRs ethyl acetate fraction (EAFCFR), and CFRs methanol fraction (MFCFR). Results: The bronchorelaxation effect of MECFR, MFCFR, EAFCFR, and HFCFR is shown by their dose-response curves (DRCs) which are significantly different compared with the extracts solvent’s DRC. The maximal efficacy (Emax) of MFCFR was the same (p>0.05) as the MECFRs Emax, but the EAFCFRs and HFCFRs Emax were smaller (p<0.05) than the MECFRs Emax. Conclusion: The bronchorelaxation effect of the MECFR on the guinea pig’s bronchial ring is similar to the CFRs methanol fraction, and is stronger than the CFRs ethyl acetate fraction and CFRs hexane fraction.

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In Vitro Anti Sickling Activity of HyphaeneThebaica Fruits Extract on Sickle Cell

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32120/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Toga Abdalazim Fadlalla ◽

Nusiba Abdullah Yousif ◽

Rayan Hamid Omer ◽

Mohamed Mobarak Elbasheir ◽

WalaEldin Osman Elradi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Health Management ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

P Value ◽

Sodium Metabisulfite ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Fruit Extract

Abstract Background: Traditional medicine had been used alongside synthetic pharmaceutical products to enhance health management. Due to the high mortality rate of sickle cell patients, previous studies have been indicated that some medicinal plants have shown an anti-sickling activity, which indicates a new therapeutic way to manage people who are affected by these disorders. The current study aimed to assess in vitro-anti-sickling activity of Hyphaene thebaica (H thebaica) (Doum) fruit. Materials and methods: Blood samples used in the evaluation of the anti-sickling activity of Hyphaene Thebaica Fruits extract in this study was taken from patients known to had Sickle cell disease (HB -SS ) attending the Sickle Cell Clinic in Khartoum state. Emmel test was used to assess anti-sickling activity of this plant. Result: A significant increase in the percentage of unsickled Red blood cells with p-value 0.05 >was observed after incubation of RBCs with 2% sodium metabisulfite in the presence of three different concentration (1000, 500 and 250) μg/ml of Hyphened thebaica for two type of extraction (aqueous and methanol) extract. Conclusion: This study approved that H.thebaica (Doum ) fruit extract had a strong anti- sickling activity ; it could be used for management of sickle cell disease.

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Effect of Rhynchospora corymbosa and Olax subscorpioïdea two plants used in the management of Korhogo sickle cell disease

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2021.10101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

M'béfèhê Soro ◽

◽

Joël Akakpo-Akue ◽

Jacques Auguste Alfred Bognan Ackah ◽

Jean-François Sibri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Chemical Study ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Traditional Management ◽

Sickle Cells ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Chemical Groups

Sickle cell disease is the first genetic disease in the world. Rhynchospora corymbosa and Olax subscorpioïdea are two plant species used in traditional management of sickle cell disease in the department of Korhogo. After a chemical study of the decocted and the aqueous extract of these two plants, their effect on the in vitro reversal of sickling of HbSS genotype erythrocytes, has been evaluated according to Emmel method. An abundance of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, polyterpenes and sterols was found in the decocted and aqueous extract of Rhynchospora corymbosa (DRC and MRC). As for the decocted and aqueous extract of Olax subscorpioïdea (DOSA and MOSA), polyphenols, leucoanthocyanins and flavonoids were found in addition to the chemical compounds identified in Rhynchospora corymbosa. At the concentration of 0.312 mg/mL DRC, MRC DOSA and MOSA have obtained the reversal rate of 75, 50, 80 and 80% respectively. All four extracts demonstrated activity on in vitro reversal of sickle cells. This activity could be caused by the presence of chemical groups that would be used in the treatment of several diseases because of their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Rhynchospora corymbosa and Olax subscorpioïdea are both an effect on the in vitro sickling reversal. Their use in the management of sickle cell disease in northern Côte d'Ivoire might be justified.

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In-vitro scavenging activity and acute toxicity study of methanol leaves extract and fractions of Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. Ex Keay (Ochnaceae) in rats.

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.1855 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 411 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jean-Baptiste N. Oussou ◽

Isaac J. Asiedu-Gyekye ◽

Adou F. Yapo ◽

Benoit Banga N'guessan ◽

Patrick Amoateng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Lophira Lanceolata

The present study aims at comparing in-vitro scavenging activities of methanol extract and fractions of Lophira lanceolata leaves, and also to study the oral acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction.Petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions were prepared from the methanol extract of the plant. The scavenging activity of DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), the total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents of the extract and fractions were determined by spectrophotometrical methods using gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Qu) as reference antioxidant. The fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50), fifty percent effective concentration (EC50) and the antiradical power (ARP) were determined for all extract and fractions. An acute toxicity study using a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg of the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant was conducted in female Albino rats following the OECD (420) Guidelines. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Histopathological examinations of the heart, kidney and liver were performed.The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of L. lanceolata had the highest free radical scavenging activity of DPPH (IC50=1,43; EC50= 0.07 and ARP = 14,28) and also contain the highest amount of total phenols (14,4±0,02 mg of GA equivalent/g of plant fraction) and total flavonoids (93,3±0,04 mg of Qu equivalent/g of plant fraction) as compared to other fractions and ascorbic acid (IC50=5,82; EC50= 3.44; ARP=3,44). The hematological parameters and the lipid profile didn’t show any major change compared to the control group. However, a significant increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, p<0.001) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of L. lanceolata leaves might not totally be safe for consumption, in the conditions of our experiment.

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UJI IN VITRO DAN IN SILICO SENYAWA 5,7,2’,5’-TETRAHYDROXY FLAVAN-3-OL TERHADAP ENZIM ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE

Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia ◽

10.33096/jffi.v5i2.416 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 279-283

Author(s):

Frengki Frengki ◽

Deddi Prima ◽

Fatma Sri Wahyuni ◽

Daan Khambri ◽

Henny Vanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

In Silico ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Antidiabetic Effect ◽

Alpha Glucosidase

Several of Calophyllums genus have been searched and proven as medicinal plants and Calophyllum macrophyllum is one of its genus. We have been isolated a compound from ethyl acetate fraction of the stem-bark. The compound was flavan-3-ol (5,7,2’,5’-tetrahydroxy flavan-3-ol). This research aimed to determine inhibition antidiabetic activity and affinity of its compound on α-glycosidase enzyme. In vitro antidiabetic effect shown by IC50 9.10 µg/ml and docking by Arguslab 4.01 shown by ΔG -10,24 kkal/mol as in silico test. The inhibition activity of flavan-3-ol against the α-glucosidase enzyme that is very strong shows its promising potential as a candidate for antidiabetic drugs.

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