scholarly journals Assessing the Energy Efficiency of an Electric Car

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. A1-A13
Author(s):  
František Synák ◽  
Matej Kučera ◽  
Tomáš Skrúcaný
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Electric Network ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Points Of View

Electric car does not supply all the electric energy, obtained from the electric network, to the wheels in the form of mechanical energy. During such a transformation, a part of this energy is lost. The article endeavours to determine the energy efficiency of selected electric car. The electric car used for measurements is not from the batch production since that is a vehicle designed at University of Zilina. The efficiency has been observed while driving under the conditions of amended methodology of New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The measured value of electric car's efficiency is being analyzed from the energy consumption, as well as emission production, points of view.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic constraints on the energy efficiency of droplet electricity generators

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Riaud ◽  
Cui Wang ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Wanghuai Xu ◽  
Zuankai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Viscous Dissipation ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viscous Shear ◽  
Impingement Velocity

AbstractElectric energy generation from falling droplets has seen a hundred-fold rise in efficiency over the past few years. However, even these newest devices can only extract a small portion of the droplet energy. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the contributions of hydrodynamic and electric losses in limiting the efficiency of droplet electricity generators (DEG). We restrict our analysis to cases where the droplet contacts the electrode at maximum spread, which was observed to maximize the DEG efficiency. Herein, the electro-mechanical energy conversion occurs during the recoil that immediately follows droplet impact. We then identify three limits on existing droplet electric generators: (i) the impingement velocity is limited in order to maintain the droplet integrity; (ii) much of droplet mechanical energy is squandered in overcoming viscous shear force with the substrate; (iii) insufficient electrical charge of the substrate. Of all these effects, we found that up to 83% of the total energy available was lost by viscous dissipation during spreading. Minimizing this loss by using cascaded DEG devices to reduce the droplet kinetic energy may increase future devices efficiency beyond 10%.

scholarly journals Increase of the energy efficiency in paper industry

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Milorad Krgovic ◽  
Vladimir Valent ◽  
Marina Krsikapa ◽  
Miodrag Milojevic ◽  
Branko Raseta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Paper Drying ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Paper Machines

In this work, phenomena of heat and mass transfer in process of paper drying are given, certain technology units are analyzed, while possibility for decrease of specific heat and electric energy consumption by modernization of technology is examined. Some of the solutions applied on paper machines worldwide in order to improve energy efficiency are shown. Theoretic and practical discoveries in this area are applied in Board factory UMKA, and these results are shown in the work as well.

scholarly journals Bringing Energy Efficiency for Hospital Building through the Conservative and Preventive Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3056-3060
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Domestic Water

The energy consumption of hospital buildings, have increased due to embedment of sophisticated equipment pertaining to advent of technology. Factors affecting energy consumptions are air quality monitoring, high maintenance of sophisticated machineries, accurate sanitization of premises, high load of patients to doctor ratio in India which is 1596:1 as compared to regulation of 1000:1 prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO). Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) reported that nearly 60% of health care services and hospitals do not meet the minimum of Energy Performance Index (EPI) criteria. Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) of India shows that hospitals in India have a potential to achieve 42% energy saving by implementing energy efficient measures. Hence, there is a dire need to assess the parameters contributing to heavy energy consumption and the conservative and preventive measures need to be addressed. Literature indicates incorporation of efficient domestic water heating techniques, boilers, usage of renewable energies, thermal insulation improvement, optimal building design, improvement of air conditioning and heating systems, optimizing electric energy installations etc as possible techniques for achieving energy efficiency. A compile of best practices proposed from literature as compared to the regulations made by ECBC, CII, MEDA, and GBC (Green building council) is made in this paper. HVAC being the highest contributing system for energy consumption, IoT based working models are prepared and proposed for application; suitability of adoption of the system is discussed.

Maximum Energy-Efficiency Compliant Mechanism Design for Piezoelectric Stack Actuators

Aerospace ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa M. Abdalla ◽  
Mary Frecker ◽  
Zafer Gu¨rdal ◽  
Terrence Johnson ◽  
Douglas K. Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Compliant Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
System Level ◽  
Voltage Source

Combined optimization of a compliant mechanism and a piezoelectric stack actuator for maximum energy conversion efficiency is considered. The paper presents a system level analysis in which the actuator and the compliant mechanism are mathematically described as linear two-port systems. The combination of stack and compliant mechanism is used to drive a structure, modeled as a mass-spring system. The analysis assumes all components to be free from dissipation, and the piezoelectric stack is driven by an ideal voltage source. Energy conversion efficiency is defined as the ratio of the output mechanical energy to the input electric energy. Theoretical bounds on the system efficiency are obtained. It is shown that the stack actuator can be optimized separately and matched to the specified structure and an optimally designed complaint mechanism. The optimization problem for the compliant mechanism is formulated to maximize a weighted objective function of energy efficiency and stroke amplification. Optimization results are presented for ground structures modeled using frame elements.

scholarly journals Internet of Things Based on Situation-Awareness for Energy Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Un Hee Schiefelbein ◽  
Diovane Soligo ◽  
Vinícius Maran ◽  
José Palazzo M. De Oliveira ◽  
João Carlos Damasceno Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption

The reduction of electric energy consumption is considered as one of the main challenges in diverse sectors of the economy. To residential customers, the management of energy consumption can bring significant costs reduction and decreased environmental impact. This work presents a solution based on the use of situation-awareness applied in IOT that helps the users to reduce the consumption of electric energy through its own residence. The practical results obtained in the application of this proposal in a real-live scenario confirmed the option of collecting information directly of electrical appliances and inform the user of their energy expenditures in real-time, allowing the knowledge and the management of their expenses.

scholarly journals A water-energy balance application with adaptations to a brazilian water supply system

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e380101019039
Author(s):  
Matheus Gonçalves Silqueira ◽  
Fernando das Graças Braga da Silva ◽  
Alex Takeo Yasumura Lima Silva ◽  
Matheus David Guimarães Barbedo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

According to the Alliance to Save Energy, between 2 % and 3 % of the total electric energy consumed in the world is used for water pumping in supply systems, with the consumption reduction potential through energy efficiency and conservation measures being estimated at 25 %. In Brazil, the water supply sector corresponds to 2.6 % of the total energy consumed in the country, with pumping systems being responsible for over 90 % of the total energy consumption. It is extremely common to find supersized facilities with pump motor sets operating outside their ideal points, with it being a common practice to perform flow and pressure control through the installation of valves. The use of reducing valves inserts unnecessary pressure drops into the hydraulic system, increasing energy consumption. The objective of this work is to present an energy balance of a study sector of the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (AWSS) of a municipality in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil, aiming to elucidate the electric energy consumption of the system and where the reduction in such consumption may occur. For this, we measured data such as the efficiency of the pump motor sets, calculated performance indicators and water loss indices, and applied the energy balance adapted. This work presents an application of a water-energy balance with adaptations to a Brazilian water supply system, under the perspective of the energy efficiency in lift station pump motor sets.

scholarly journals Dynamic Programming-Based Energy Management System for Range-Extended Electric Bus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Wu ◽  
Jingfu Chen ◽  
Chen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Urban Bus

The heavy computational burden associated with the application of the traditional DP strategy to the energy management of range-extended electric buses poses a serious problem. On the basis of one Chinese typical urban bus driving cycle, an optimal control strategy is designed according to the SOC consumption trend, which is optimized by the DP algorithm. The dissipative energy and the energy-traction efficiency are our evaluation indices. The energy efficiencies of the powertrain system and components are analyzed by the energy flow diagram method. The results show that when the range-extended electric bus runs 35 Chinese typical urban bus driving cycles, the energy consumption and the energy efficiency of the powertrain system, which are optimized by the traditional DP strategy, can reach 2844.28 MJ and 31.29%, respectively. Compared with the traditional bus, the energy consumption can be reduced by 31.08%. The energy consumption and the energy efficiency of the powertrain system, which are based on one driving cycle optimal strategy, can reach 2857.69 MJ and 31.14%, respectively. The energy consumption is 0.47% higher than that with the traditional DP strategy, but the computation time is reduced by 96.85%.

Data Mining-Based Smart Industrial Park Energy Efficiency Management System

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xi Song ◽  
Di Ming Wan ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Jian Feng Yue
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Management Problem

Smart industrial park energy efficiency management system is used for solving the demanded side electric power management problem mainly in terms of scientific management. In this system, the data of electric power, electric power quality, and electric energy is acquired in real time by installing an electric power management monitor in the main load points, so as to analyze electric energy efficiency and energy consumption. A large amount of data can be obtained from the system, and if these huge amounts of data are of a value can be further analyzed, finding the unknown factors affecting enterprises energy consumption, equipment performance, and operational efficiency, and the disadvantages of the traditional data processing method. Therefore, an advanced data analysis and processing tool (i.e. efficiency data mining technology) is introduced for analyzing and mining large amounts of data monitored with the smart industrial park system.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of electric and conventional cars energy consumption and CO2 emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 02007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Evtimov ◽  
Rosen Ivanov ◽  
Georgi Kadikyanov ◽  
Gergana Staneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Electric Traction ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an analysis concerning the effectiveness of electric traction in comparison with conventional cars. The Life Cycle Assessment method is used. It estimates the energy spent for the extraction of the raw materials/sources, manufacturing and transportation of the components and the vehicle, motion, maintenance and repair during exploitation period and the recycling process. The impact of the production technology of the electric energy, needed for charging the battery, is taken into account. The energy consumption and CO2 emissions for the life cycle of electric and conventional cars are presented on graphs. Examples for Bulgaria and EU countries are given. The exploitation conditions in which the electric car is more effective regarding CO2 equivalent emissions are shown. The main influence on the effectiveness of electric cars has the structure of the energy mix of the country where the electric car is produced and is used in exploitation.

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