scholarly journals Toxicity of plastics in a fire and its dangerous properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Martin Hrinko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Volunteer Firefighters

The article describes and analyses toxic substances produced during the combustion of plastics which affect human health. Accidents and emergencies resulting from the combustion of plastic materials frequently occur in industrial production and technological processes. The authors illustrate this fact using the most recent example - the fire in the manufacturing and logistics premises in Chropyně, the Czech Republic, with an intervention of professional, as well as volunteer firefighters and specialized fire and rescue units.

scholarly journals Labour productivity as a factor forming the economic efficiency and competitive ability of the country

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
J. Klíma ◽  
M. Palát
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Production Indices

The paper is focused on the evaluation of labour productivity in industry as a whole and in the selected branches in the Czech Republic in 1997–2001. The labour productivity index for employees is the ratio of industrial production indices and indices of the number of employees. Methods of regression and correlation analysis and development trends were applied for the mathematical-statistical analysis.

Trends in ambient ozone concentrations at twelve sites of the Czech Republic over the past three decades

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Hunova ◽  
Marek Brabec ◽  
Marek Malý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Semiparametric Regression ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Data Series ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Measuring Period

<p>Ambient ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) remains a serious air pollution problem (O<sub>3</sub>) of Northern Hemisphere, and still represents a considerable threat both for human health and ecosystems. In Europe, the critical levels of O<sub>3</sub> are permanently exceeded over vast areas (EEA, 2019). In the Czech Republic (CR), monitoring of O<sub>3</sub> has been operated since 1993, currently at 50 sites, including both rural and urban stations covering the country (CHMU, 2019). O<sub>3</sub> exposures in the CR are relatively high (Hůnová, Schreiberová, 2012; Hůnová et al., 2016), and may result in negative endpoints, both regarding human health (Hůnová et al. 2013) and vegetation (Hůnová et al., 2011). O<sub>3</sub> is highly meteorology dependent and shows considerable year-to-year variations (Hůnová et al., 2019 a, b). Two to three-decade time series allows for a sound trend analysis, hence O<sub>3 </sub>concentrations for trends at Czech long-term monitoring sites were already analysed using Mann-Kendall non-parametric test (Hůnová, Bäumelt, 2018).</p><p>This time, however, our approach for time analysis was different. We applied a generalized additive model, GAM (Wood, 2017; Hastie & Tibshirani, 1990) framework as a flexible, semiparametric regression approach to address nonlinear trend shapes in a formalized and unified way. In particular, we employed penalized spline approach with cross-validated penalty coefficient estimation.  We have examined daily mean O<sub>3</sub> concentrations measured at twelve Czech sites representing different environments, geographical areas, and altitudes across the country; four urban, for rural and four mountain sites. We used long-term data series from the time period of 1994–2018.</p><p>Our results show inconsistent behaviour of sites before 1998 when the strict emission limits were introduced with an immediate consequence of substantial decrease in O<sub>3</sub> precursor emissions. The highest concentrations and the most dynamic O<sub>3</sub> decrease in this time period was recorded at the Praha 4-Libus urban background site, the lowest concentrations and the steepest increase in O<sub>3</sub> were recorded at the Rudolice mountain site in the former Black Triangle Area. Two local maxima – around 2003 for some sites and 2006 for other sites – and a local minimum around 2013 are indicated. Steady increase in O<sub>3</sub> concentrations for all sites is evident after 2014 up to now, most likely due to recent five hot and dry summer seasons. Seasonal O<sub>3</sub> course averaged for the entire measuring period is similar for all sites, with clear maximum in May-June. The highest O<sub>3</sub> in summer and lowest in winter were observed at the Usti nad Labem-Kockov site, relatively most flat curve, with the least differences between summer and winter was recorded at the Churanov site, in the Sumava Mts. More interesting is to compare the seasonal O<sub>3</sub> curves for individual years.</p><p>In contrast with Mann-Kendall test standardly used for this kind of analysis, the GAM approach offers a detailed view on both time trend and seasonality curve and facilitates the analysis and interpretation of the results.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Iva Hůnová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Consequences

Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s [...]

scholarly journals Organs of slaughter pigs as a source of potential risk for human health in the Czech Republic during the years 1995–2002

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vecerek ◽  
A. Kozak ◽  
M. Malena ◽  
P. Chloupek ◽  
V. Pistekova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Porcine Lungs ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Level Of Risk

The level of risk for human health originating from organs of slaughter pigs was determined on the basis of carcass inspection classification at slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic during the period of 1995–2002. The following pig’s organs were included in the study: the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, and intestines. A potential level of risk relating to food safety of different organs was determined according to the numbers of the organs condemned by official veterinarians. At the same time total number of slaughtered animals was also considered. The trend of the development of potential risk was determined as an index equal to the ratio of the occurrence of condemned organs during the period of 1999–2002 to the same figures from the period of 1995–1998. The highest level of potential risk was found in porcine lungs (at the level of 66.30%) followed by kidneys (18.14%), liver (17.20%) and heart (5.15%). Increasing trend in the development of risk was found for the lungs (index 1.19), spleen (1.16) and heart (1.15). The trends were confirmed as highly significant (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The results indicating high levels of potential risk for food safety and increasing trends in the aforementioned organs of pigs confirmed the importance of veterinary inspection at slaughterhouses and classification of organs of slaughter pigs by official veterinarians. This way the risks for food safety are eliminated.

scholarly journals Drying of hop

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
J. Mejzr ◽  
B. Hanousek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

In the Czech Republic, belt kilns are predominantly used for hop drying. As in the world other types of hop kilns, such as box kilns, are also frequently used, the comparison appears desirable between the efficiency and quality of the technological processes in the individual kiln types. The present work is aimed at determining the hop drying parameters in the belt hop kiln, and their optimisation.

scholarly journals Industrial production periodicity testing using R. A. Fisher test

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Poměnková ◽  
Roman Maršálek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuation ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Economic Studies

The aim of this paper is to evaluate statistical significance of the business cycle periodicity types in the Czech Republic between 1996/Q1–2008/Q4. Cyclical fluctuation representing a growth business cycle is taken as the result of de-trending input values using filtering techniques, namely Hodrick-Prescott filter and Baxter-King filters. Thereafter, identification of periodicity type is viewed from frequency analysis perspective, i.e. using harmonic analysis. Critical values for the 1%, 5% and 10% risk for the test designed by R. A. Fisher are derived and enumerated. Comparing values of periodogram with critical values of the R. A. Fisher test conclusion about statistic significance of periodicity is fi­nis­hed. Growth business cycle is identified on the basis of quarterly values of industrial production in the Czech Republic 1996/Q1–2008/Q4. Obtained results – the lengths of significance periods – are compared with economic studies.

scholarly journals Concentrations of the selected air pollutants at Bily Kriz, the Czech Republic, for 1994 to 1999

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The Czech Republic

Air pollution related problems, such as acidification, air quality and ground-level ozone, are recognized as some of the important problems facing the people of the Czech Republic, whose health is damaged by impacts of air pollutants. Also the impacts of these air pollutants on human health, forests and vegetation are investigated. This paper presents evaluation of air pollution caused by sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and ozone, based on the readings of measuring site at Bílý Køíž for the six-year period 1994-1999. The evaluation of the status of the ambient air pollution is based on air pollution limit values as specified by the new European Directives. Concern has been expressed about the possible effects of ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter exposures on forested areas, materials and human health. The main objective of this study is to examine the evolution observed in the concentrations of these air pollutants considered. The reduction is observed for winter air pollutants as sulfur dioxide and particulate matter from 1996 to 1999. In contrary, the ozone concentrations increase considerably for the same period.

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