scholarly journals Ground-level ozone and its potential impacts on human health in the Czech Republic

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hůnová ◽  
H. Livorová ◽  
J. Ostatnická
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

Compound heat and ozone pollution events relevant for human health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Hertig ◽  
Ana Russo ◽  
Ricardo Trigo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
South Europe

<p>Temperature extremes and air pollution pose a significant threat to human health. A specific concern applies to heat events and elevated ground-level ozone concentrations, due to the physical relationships between these variables, the single and combined effects of both variables on human health and the anticipated substantial changes in the scope of climate change.</p><p>The present contribution addresses relationships between air temperature and ground-level ozone, the association of these variables with atmospheric circulation patterns, the anticipated changes under future climate change as well as their association with human morbidity (i.e. myocardial infarction frequencies, Hertig et al. 2019) and mortality. The focus is on two climatically different regions in Europe, i.e., Bavaria (Central Europe) and Portugal (South Europe).</p><p>In general, a strong relationship between air temperature and ozone formation became evident. Due to the non-linear nature of the relationship, higher temperatures usually led to substantially enhanced ozone concentrations. In the scope of climate change, considerable increases of maximum temperatures were assessed for Bavaria until the end of the century. Also, future ozone concentrations were projected to rise (Hertig 2020). With respect to spell-length related extremes (heat waves and/ or ozone pollution waves), heat waves were identified as the most frequent wave type for the two European regions under investigation. Waves were associated with in-situ built-up as well as with advection of air masses. Despite different climate settings, a comparable exposure to heat and ozone waves was found in Central and South Europe. In view of excess mortality, the most severe impacts were always associated with compound heat-ozone waves (Hertig et al. 2020).</p><p>Research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under project number 408057478.</p><p>Hertig, E., Russo, A., Trigo, R. (2020): Heat and ozone pollution waves in Central and South Europe- characteristics, weather types, and association with mortality. Atmosphere. doi: 10.3390/atmos11121271</p><p>Hertig, E. (2020): Health-relevant ground-level ozone and temperature events under future climate change using the example of Bavaria, Southern Germany. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00811-z</p><p>Hertig, E., Schneider, A., Peters, A., von Scheidt, W., Kuch, B., Meisinger, Ch. (2019): Association of ground-level ozone, meteorological factors and weather types with daily myocardial infarction frequencies in Augsburg, Southern Germany. Atmos. Environment. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116975</p>

Surveillance on Emission of Herbal Woods and Cow Dung for Refinement of Atmosphere with Vedic Mantra

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Pm 10

Earth's atmosphere is made of two gases Nitrogen and Oxygen. Five major air pollutants are Ground level Ozone, Airborne particles or aerosols, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide. Air pollutants risky to human health are Ground level Ozone and Aerosols. They are the main ingredients of Smog . The ground level ozone is formed when sunlight reacts with certain chemical emissions like nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide or methane These chemicals are emitted from industrial waste, car exhaust, gasoline vapors etc. Air quality is measured with the Air Quality Index. An AQI under 50 is considered as good air quality however as the AQI number increases , it becomes a concern for human health . Researcher measured the PM level (PM 2.5 and PM 10), temperature, Humidity and other related parameters continuously on different woods in different times in a fixed size room and constrained environment to establish that Yagya is a reliable source to reduce environment pollution .

Trends in ambient ozone concentrations at twelve sites of the Czech Republic over the past three decades

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Hunova ◽  
Marek Brabec ◽  
Marek Malý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Semiparametric Regression ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Data Series ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Measuring Period

<p>Ambient ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) remains a serious air pollution problem (O<sub>3</sub>) of Northern Hemisphere, and still represents a considerable threat both for human health and ecosystems. In Europe, the critical levels of O<sub>3</sub> are permanently exceeded over vast areas (EEA, 2019). In the Czech Republic (CR), monitoring of O<sub>3</sub> has been operated since 1993, currently at 50 sites, including both rural and urban stations covering the country (CHMU, 2019). O<sub>3</sub> exposures in the CR are relatively high (Hůnová, Schreiberová, 2012; Hůnová et al., 2016), and may result in negative endpoints, both regarding human health (Hůnová et al. 2013) and vegetation (Hůnová et al., 2011). O<sub>3</sub> is highly meteorology dependent and shows considerable year-to-year variations (Hůnová et al., 2019 a, b). Two to three-decade time series allows for a sound trend analysis, hence O<sub>3 </sub>concentrations for trends at Czech long-term monitoring sites were already analysed using Mann-Kendall non-parametric test (Hůnová, Bäumelt, 2018).</p><p>This time, however, our approach for time analysis was different. We applied a generalized additive model, GAM (Wood, 2017; Hastie & Tibshirani, 1990) framework as a flexible, semiparametric regression approach to address nonlinear trend shapes in a formalized and unified way. In particular, we employed penalized spline approach with cross-validated penalty coefficient estimation.  We have examined daily mean O<sub>3</sub> concentrations measured at twelve Czech sites representing different environments, geographical areas, and altitudes across the country; four urban, for rural and four mountain sites. We used long-term data series from the time period of 1994–2018.</p><p>Our results show inconsistent behaviour of sites before 1998 when the strict emission limits were introduced with an immediate consequence of substantial decrease in O<sub>3</sub> precursor emissions. The highest concentrations and the most dynamic O<sub>3</sub> decrease in this time period was recorded at the Praha 4-Libus urban background site, the lowest concentrations and the steepest increase in O<sub>3</sub> were recorded at the Rudolice mountain site in the former Black Triangle Area. Two local maxima – around 2003 for some sites and 2006 for other sites – and a local minimum around 2013 are indicated. Steady increase in O<sub>3</sub> concentrations for all sites is evident after 2014 up to now, most likely due to recent five hot and dry summer seasons. Seasonal O<sub>3</sub> course averaged for the entire measuring period is similar for all sites, with clear maximum in May-June. The highest O<sub>3</sub> in summer and lowest in winter were observed at the Usti nad Labem-Kockov site, relatively most flat curve, with the least differences between summer and winter was recorded at the Churanov site, in the Sumava Mts. More interesting is to compare the seasonal O<sub>3</sub> curves for individual years.</p><p>In contrast with Mann-Kendall test standardly used for this kind of analysis, the GAM approach offers a detailed view on both time trend and seasonality curve and facilitates the analysis and interpretation of the results.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Past, present and future concentrations of ground-level ozone and potential impacts on ecosystems and human health in northern Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Erik Karlsson ◽  
Jenny Klingberg ◽  
Magnuz Engardt ◽  
Camilla Andersson ◽  
Joakim Langner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Iva Hůnová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Consequences

Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s [...]

Regulating oxygen vacancy in ultrathin δ-MnO2 nanosheets with superior activity for gaseous ozone decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranran Cao ◽  
Lianxin Li ◽  
Pengyi Zhang ◽  
Lele Gao ◽  
Shaopeng Rong
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Human Health ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Mno2 Nanosheets ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

Ground-level ozone pollution is an environmental problem worldwide, which is hazardous to human health, especially the elderly, the children and the sensitive. It is a tough challenge to develop high-performance...

scholarly journals Toxicity of plastics in a fire and its dangerous properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Martin Hrinko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Volunteer Firefighters

The article describes and analyses toxic substances produced during the combustion of plastics which affect human health. Accidents and emergencies resulting from the combustion of plastic materials frequently occur in industrial production and technological processes. The authors illustrate this fact using the most recent example - the fire in the manufacturing and logistics premises in Chropyně, the Czech Republic, with an intervention of professional, as well as volunteer firefighters and specialized fire and rescue units.

scholarly journals Organs of slaughter pigs as a source of potential risk for human health in the Czech Republic during the years 1995–2002

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vecerek ◽  
A. Kozak ◽  
M. Malena ◽  
P. Chloupek ◽  
V. Pistekova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Porcine Lungs ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Level Of Risk

The level of risk for human health originating from organs of slaughter pigs was determined on the basis of carcass inspection classification at slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic during the period of 1995–2002. The following pig’s organs were included in the study: the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, and intestines. A potential level of risk relating to food safety of different organs was determined according to the numbers of the organs condemned by official veterinarians. At the same time total number of slaughtered animals was also considered. The trend of the development of potential risk was determined as an index equal to the ratio of the occurrence of condemned organs during the period of 1999–2002 to the same figures from the period of 1995–1998. The highest level of potential risk was found in porcine lungs (at the level of 66.30%) followed by kidneys (18.14%), liver (17.20%) and heart (5.15%). Increasing trend in the development of risk was found for the lungs (index 1.19), spleen (1.16) and heart (1.15). The trends were confirmed as highly significant (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The results indicating high levels of potential risk for food safety and increasing trends in the aforementioned organs of pigs confirmed the importance of veterinary inspection at slaughterhouses and classification of organs of slaughter pigs by official veterinarians. This way the risks for food safety are eliminated.

scholarly journals SAMIRA-SAtellite Based Monitoring Initiative for Regional Air Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Kerstin Stebel ◽  
Iwona S. Stachlewska ◽  
Anca Nemuc ◽  
Jan Horálek ◽  
Philipp Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

The satellite based monitoring initiative for regional air quality (SAMIRA) initiative was set up to demonstrate the exploitation of existing satellite data for monitoring regional and urban scale air quality. The project was carried out between May 2016 and December 2019 and focused on aerosol optical depth (AOD), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). SAMIRA was built around several research tasks: 1. The spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager (SEVIRI) AOD optimal estimation algorithm was improved and geographically extended from Poland to Romania, the Czech Republic and Southern Norway. A near real-time retrieval was implemented and is currently operational. Correlation coefficients of 0.61 and 0.62 were found between SEVIRI AOD and ground-based sun-photometer for Romania and Poland, respectively. 2. A retrieval for ground-level concentrations of PM2.5 was implemented using the SEVIRI AOD in combination with WRF-Chem output. For representative sites a correlation of 0.56 and 0.49 between satellite-based PM2.5 and in situ PM2.5 was found for Poland and the Czech Republic, respectively. 3. An operational algorithm for data fusion was extended to make use of various satellite-based air quality products (NO2, SO2, AOD, PM2.5 and PM10). For the Czech Republic inclusion of satellite data improved mapping of NO2 in rural areas and on an annual basis in urban background areas. It slightly improved mapping of rural and urban background SO2. The use of satellites based AOD or PM2.5 improved mapping results for PM2.5 and PM10. 4. A geostatistical downscaling algorithm for satellite-based air quality products was developed to bridge the gap towards urban-scale applications. Initial testing using synthetic data was followed by applying the algorithm to OMI NO2 data with a direct comparison against high-resolution TROPOMI NO2 as a reference, thus allowing for a quantitative assessment of the algorithm performance and demonstrating significant accuracy improvements after downscaling. We can conclude that SAMIRA demonstrated the added value of using satellite data for regional- and urban-scale air quality monitoring.

Health-relevant, concurrent ground-level ozone and temperature events in recent and future European climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Jahn ◽  
Elke Hertig
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
European Climate

<p>Temperature extremes like hot days or prolonged episodes of high air temperature like heat waves can cause adverse human health effects. Heat-related mortality only represents the extreme end of a variety of possible health outcomes like heat exhaustion or heat stroke.</p><p>Exposure to ground-level ozone provokes negative impacts on human health primarily affecting the cardio-pulmonary system causing respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. These diseases include, but are not limited to, lung inflammation and tissue damage, asthma, heart attacks or heart failure.</p><p>High levels of ozone and temperature often coincide due to the underlying ozone formation characteristics. As synergistic effects lead to a risk beyond the sum of their individual effects, the co-occurrence of elevated levels of air temperature and ground-level ozone concentrations represents an even intensified human health risk.</p><p>The current contribution deals with statistical models and analysis of the interplay between large-scale meteorological and synoptic conditions, prevailing air pollution levels and combined ozone and temperature events under present and future climatic conditions. In this context, meteorological mechanisms representing main drivers of these concurrent ozone and temperature events were identified. Large-scale atmospheric circulation dynamics and their relationships with ground-level ozone and temperature conditions were evaluated.</p><p>The methodological focus was primary on statistical modeling approaches and different machine learning methods. Self-Organizing Maps, an artificial neural network algorithm based on unsupervised machine learning, were used to classify synoptic types based on daily mean sea level pressure reanalysis data. The resulting synoptic types were evaluated with regard to the European ozone and temperature characteristics in order to identify types associated with high ozone and temperature. Regression analyses with e.g. shrinking methods were used to identify main predictors for concurrent ozone and temperature events. Due to data availability and research foci, two varying time windows from 1993 to 2012 as well as from 2004 to 2018 were used within the study. The European area built the regional focus.</p><p>Anthropogenic-induced global climate change affects not only mean but also extreme temperatures as well as associated ground-level ozone concentrations due to changing synoptic circulation and chemical environment conditions. Future frequency changes of concurrent ozone and temperature events were evaluated exemplarily for Central Europe. Statistical downscaling projections until the end of the twenty-first century were assessed by using the output of seven models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). A sharp increase was projected under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenario assumptions. Respective multi-model mean changes amounted to 8.94% and 16.84% as well as 13.33% and 37.52% for mid- (2031–2050) and late-century (2081–2100) European climate, respectively (Jahn and Hertig 2020). Hotspot regions with more frequent occurrences of these combined events in Central Europe were identified for which, due to their associated individual and combined health effects, a higher future vulnerability can be expected.</p>

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