Dr. Adequacy of nutrient intakes among pregnant Women in Northern Ghana

Introduction: Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is a pre-requisite for good pregnancy outcomes as well as future wellbeing, development and quality of life of the unborn child. This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated the adequacy of nutrient intakes of pregnant women resident in northern Ghana. Methods: A total of 400 pregnant women in 25 communities in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions of Ghana were interviewed at the household level. The nutrient intakes were assessed using a structured 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. A dietary diversity score (DDS) was measured as a count of food groups. A nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of 14 nutrients as well as mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated based on the 24-hour dietary recall. Results: The average energy, protein and fat intakes were 2,770.8 ± 1,127.5 Kcal/day, 59.2 ±27.5 g/day, and 105.25±58.0 g/day, respectively. The proportion of women meeting the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of these macro-nutrients were 58.8%, 27.0% and 50.3% respectively. The average MAR of 14 nutrients was calculated to be 68% as the overall measure of nutrient adequacy. MAR correlated positively with DDS (r = 0.24 P < 0.001). Over 50% pregnant women obtained less than 66% of the RDA for iron, calcium, riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin B12. Conclusion: Diets of the majority of these pregnant women were deficient in several nutrients. Dietary diversity scores served as a useful proxy indicator of nutrient adequacy in this sample. In order to meet the requirements for essential nutrients, more effort should be made to promote dietary diversity among pregnant women in northern Ghana.

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High Deficit in Nutrient Intakes Was Associated with Poor Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women: A Study from Eastern Indonesia

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 199-199

Author(s):

Hamam Hadi ◽

Winda Irwanti

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Average Energy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrient Requirement ◽

Eastern Indonesia ◽

Poor Nutritional Status

Abstract Objectives Nutrient intakes of pregnant women are essential for their health and the health of their fetus. This study aims to assess the nutrient intakes of pregnant women, residing in a rural eastern Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in two sub districts of Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) district, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia in 2012. A total of 155 pregnant women, at all age of pregnancy, residing at least one year prior to this study in 14 villages of two sub districts KIE and Amanuban Barat involved in this study. Anthropometric data including BMI and MUAC of pregnant women were collected by trained enumerators from the department of nutrition, Health Polytechnic of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. A validated Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) was used to collect the dietary intake of the last 3 months of pregnant women. Nutrisurvey was used to compute and analyze nutrient intakes of the study subjects. Statistical Analysis was performed using STATA version 15.1 MP. Results The average of energy and protein intakes in pregnant women were 1178.4 ± 449.6 kcal/day and 38.4 ± 18.7 gr/day respectively, representing to only 54.7% and 57.4% of the Indonesian nutrient requirement of energy and protein intakes for pregnant women. The average of vitamin C and iron intakes in pregnant women were 59.9 ± 40.1 mg/day and 7.7 ± 6.2 mg/day, representing to only 70.5% and 29.5% of the Indonesian nutrient requirement of vitamin C and iron intakes for pregnant women. The average energy and protein intakes among underweight pregnant women were 211.1 kcal/day (95% CI: 17.3 kcal/day - 404.9 kcal/day) lower and 8.2 gr/day (95% CI: 0.07 gr/day -16.3 gr/day) lower than among non underweight pregnant women adjusting for age of pregnant women, gestational age, and monthly household expenditure, education level, and race. Conclusions The present study suggests that pregnant women in rural Indonesian community experienced high deficit in energy, protein, vitamin C and iron intakes lead to poor nutritional status during pregnancy. Funding Sources The United Nation World Food Program and The University of Alma Ata.

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Household food insecurity is associated with low dietary diversity among pregnant and lactating women in rural Malawi

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018002719 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 697-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yunhee Kang ◽

Kristen M Hurley ◽

Julie Ruel-Bergeron ◽

Assumpta Bou Monclus ◽

Rachel Oemcke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Rural Districts ◽

Household Food

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between household food insecurity and dietary diversity in the past 24h (dietary diversity score (DDS, range: 0–9); minimum dietary diversity (MDD, consumption of three or more food groups); consumption of nine separate food groups) among pregnant and lactating women in rural Malawi.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo rural districts in Central Malawi.SubjectsPregnant (n 589) and lactating (n 641) women.ResultsOf surveyed pregnant and lactating women, 66·7 and 68·6 %, respectively, experienced moderate or severe food insecurity and only 32·4 and 28·1 %, respectively, met MDD. Compared with food-secure pregnant women, those who reported severe food insecurity had a 0·36 lower DDS (P<0·05) and more than threefold higher risk (OR; 95 % CI) of not consuming meat/fish (3·19; CI 1·68, 6·03). The risk of not consuming eggs (3·77; 1·04, 13·7) was higher among moderately food-insecure pregnant women. Compared with food-secure lactating women, those who reported mild, moderate and severe food insecurity showed a 0·36, 0·44 and 0·62 lower DDS, respectively (all P<0·05). The risk of not achieving MDD was higher among moderately (1·95; 1·06, 3·59) and severely (2·82; 1·53, 5·22) food-insecure lactating women. The risk of not consuming meat/fish and eggs increased in a dose–response manner among lactating women experiencing mild (1·75; 1·01, 3·03 and 2·81; 1·09, 7·25), moderate (2·66; 1·47, 4·82 and 3·75; 1·40, 10·0) and severe (5·33; 2·63, 10·8 and 3·47; 1·19, 10·1) food insecurity.ConclusionsAddressing food insecurity during and after pregnancy needs to be considered when designing nutrition programmes aiming to increase dietary diversity in rural Malawi.

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Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Shashemane, Oromia, Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2019/3916864 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Melaku Desta ◽

Mohammed Akibu ◽

Mesfin Tadese ◽

Meskerem Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Antenatal Clinic ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Food Groups ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Central Ethiopia ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Background. Maternal dietary diversity is a proxy indicator of maternal nutrient adequacy and improves health outcomes for both mothers and babies. However, little is documented on dietary diversity among pregnant mothers. Therefore, this study assessed diet diversity and associated factors among pregnant mothers attending the antenatal clinic in Shashemane, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 systematically selected pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of Shashemane town in April 2017. Dietary diversity was assessed using a 24 h dietary recall method, and the dietary diversity score was computed for ten food groups. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were computed to identify associated factors of dietary diversity.Result. In this study, only a quarter (25.4%) of pregnant mothers consumed adequate dietary diversity. Mother’s tertiary (AOR 3.18; 95% CI: 1.8, 6.35) and secondary (AOR 2.13; 95% CI: 2.32, 8.72) education, household monthly income above 3500 ETB (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.47, 7.78), livestock ownership (AOR = 4.15; 95% CI: 2.07, 9.86), women who got emotional support from the husband (AOR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.12, 8.23), and women who participated in the shooping (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI: 3.27, 9.83) were more likely to attain the adequate dietary diversity.Conclusion. The study revealed that the overall consumption of adequate dietary diversity was found to be low. Developing the educational level of women, increasing household income and owning of livestock, increasing husbands’ support, and improving women’s participation in the shopping are recommended to improve women’s adequate dietary diversity.

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Seasonality in associations between dietary diversity scores and nutrient adequacy ratios among pregnant women in rural Malawi – a cross-sectional study

Food & Nutrition Research ◽

10.29219/fnr.v63.2712 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katrine G. Hjertholm ◽

Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen ◽

Per O. Iversen ◽

Ibrahimu Mdala ◽

Alister Munthali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrient Adequacy

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Determinants of anemia among pregnant women in northern Ghana

10.1101/708784 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Martin N. Adokiya ◽

Richmond Aryeetey ◽

Monica Yost ◽

Andrew D. Jones ◽

Mark L. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Severe Anemia ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mild Anemia

ABSTRACTAnemia is a global public health issue affecting half of all pregnant women in developing countries. In 2014, 42% of Ghanaian pregnant women aged 15-49 years were anemic (<11.0g/dl) but information on the determinants of anemia, particularly dietary diversity during the critical third trimester of pregnancy is limited. We assessed the association between determinants and anemia among pregnant women in northern Ghana.We employed a cross-sectional design involving 624 pregnant women (≥20 weeks of gestation) attending four antenatal care (ANC) health facilities ~25 kilometres north of Tamale, Ghana between July and August 2017. Hemoglobin concentration (measured using Hemocue HB 301) was classified as severe, moderate, or mild. Other data included socio-demographic characteristics, malaria prevention, deworming, and iron/folate tablet use. The FAO Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD-W) metric was used to categorize women into “inadequate” (MDD-W <5 food groups) and “adequate” (MDD-W ≥5). Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between moderate/severe anemia (Hb<9.0g/dl) and mild anemia (9.0-10.9g/dl), or with ‘no anemia’ (≥11.0g/dl) using STATA 14 software.Of 624 women sampled, hemoglobin data were available for 601. The mean age was 27.81±0.25 years, gestational age was 31.93±0.13 weeks, ANC attendance was 3.89±0.07; Hb concentration was 9.73g/dl±0.07, and MDD-W index for ten food groups was 5.33±0.04. Anemia (Hb<11.0g/dl) was observed in 74.8% of women (moderate/severe anemia=33.4% and mild anemia=41.4%). Using adjusted logistic regression, women who received deworming medication had lesser odds of being moderate/severe anemic (aOR=0.51, P=0.021). While women who were engaged in other occupation (herdsmen) and no previous parity had higher odds of being moderate/severe anemic (aOR=2.90, P=0.042) and (aOR=2.13, P=0.004) respectively. Moderate/severe anemia was not statistically associated with MDD-W, nor with socioeconomic status/wealth index. Conclusion, anemia in pregnancy was nearly twice that of Ghana as a whole. Deworming medication was found to be protective intervention for anemia during pregnancy.

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Dietary intakes of an Algerian pregnant women population

Nutrition & Santé ◽

10.30952/ns.10.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

Amina BAYAZID ◽

◽

Wahiba HAMMOULIA ◽

Fatiha LAROUCI

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Women Health ◽

Vit C

Introduction. Nutrition during pregnancy has a significant impact on women health, but also on the long-term health of their offspring. There are a few national data on the usual dietary intake of pregnant women. Objective. To assess the nutritional intake of pregnant population by the 24-hour dietary recall method repeated over 3 days. Population and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire among 100 pregnant women receiving prenatal care at a major mother and child specialized hospital in the Wilaya of Sidi-Bel-Abbés (Algeria). Results. The average intakes of energy, fats and carbohydrates were lower than the recommendations, while those of proteins and dietary fibers were higher. In most women, protein needs were covered whereas carbohydrates and lipids needs were not covered. Proteins represented 16.7%, carbohydrate 55.1% and lipids 28.2% of total energy intake (TEI). Contribution of food groups to TEI was as follows: cereal-based products 23.5%, fruits and vegetables 15.2%, dairy products 15%, sweet products 14.7% and meats 12.6%. Average intakes observed in micronutrients were lower than nutritional requirements, except for vitamins (Vit.) C, B6, B12, beta-carotene, and retinol. More than 40% of women were below the recommendations for Vit. C, D, A, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, magnesium, calcium and iron. Conclusion. Pregnancy is a privileged moment for carrying out awareness raising actions in nutrition area. Therefore, it should be used to provide advice in favor of a healthy diet and maintaining physical activity in this population.

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Dietary Diversity Is Not Associated with Haematological Status of Pregnant Women Resident in Rural Areas of Northern Ghana

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2017/8497892 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mahama Saaka ◽

Jeremiah Oladele ◽

Asamoah Larbi ◽

Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Minimum Dietary Diversity

Background. Information regarding how dietary diversity is related to haematological status of the pregnant women in rural areas of Northern Ghana is limited. This study therefore evaluated maternal dietary intake and how it relates to the nutritional status of pregnant women belonging to different socioeconomic conditions in Northern Ghana.Methods. This study was cross-sectional in design involving 400 pregnant women. Midupper arm circumference (MUAC) and anaemia status were used to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women.Results. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) of the study population from ten food groups was4.2±1.5(95% CI: 4.08 to 4.37). Of the 400 women, 46.1% (95% CI: 40.0 to 52.2) met the new minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W). The mean haemoglobin concentration among the pregnant women studied was 10.1 g/dl ± 1.40 (95% CI: 9.8 to 10.3). The independent predictors of haemoglobin concentration were maternal educational attainment, gestational age, frequency of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, number of under-five children in the household, size of MUAC, and maternal height.Conclusions. Irrespective of the socioeconomic status, women minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W) was not associated with anaemia among pregnant women resident in the rural areas of Northern Ghana.

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Higher dietary diversity is related to better visual and auditory sustained attention

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000428 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (8) ◽

pp. 1470-1480 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farideh Shiraseb ◽

Fereydoun Siassi ◽

Mostafa Qorbani ◽

Gity Sotoudeh ◽

Reza Rostami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustained Attention ◽

Performance Test ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Continuous Performance Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sports Clubs ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Effective Performance ◽

The Mean

AbstractAttention is a complex cognitive function that is necessary for learning, for following social norms of behaviour and for effective performance of responsibilities and duties. It is especially important in sensitive occupations requiring sustained attention. Improvement of dietary diversity (DD) is recognised as an important factor in health promotion, but its association with sustained attention is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between auditory and visual sustained attention and DD. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 women aged 20–50 years who attended sports clubs at Tehran Municipality. Sustained attention was evaluated on the basis of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test using Integrated Visual and Auditory software. A single 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was used for DD assessment. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) were determined using the FAO guidelines. The mean visual and auditory sustained attention scores were 40·2 (sd35·2) and 42·5 (sd38), respectively. The mean DDS was 4·7 (sd1·5). After adjusting for age, education years, physical activity, energy intake and BMI, mean visual and auditory sustained attention showed a significant increase as the quartiles of DDS increased (P=0·001). In addition, the mean subscales of attention, including auditory consistency and vigilance, visual persistence, visual and auditory focus, speed, comprehension and full attention, increased significantly with increasing DDS (P<0·05). In conclusion, higher DDS is associated with better visual and auditory sustained attention.

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Income Level but Not Nutrition Knowledge Is Associated with Dietary Diversity of Rural Pregnant Women from Northern Ghana

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2021/5581445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Emmanuel Amoako Agyei ◽

Stephen Kofi Afrifa ◽

Adam Munkaila ◽

Patience Kanyiri Gaa ◽

Eugene Dogkotenge Kuugbee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Rural District ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Food Groups ◽

Essential Nutrients

Essential nutrients are necessary for reducing the risk of maternal mortality, prenatal mortality, and low-birthweight infants. Dietary diversity can play an important role in supplying essential nutrients to both the mother and the foetus. We evaluated nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and dietary diversity of pregnant women. In addition, we investigated the sociodemographic determinants of dietary diversity among pregnant women from a rural district in Ghana. Participants were pregnant women receiving antenatal care from a rural district hospital in Ghana. Dietary diversity was measured using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of dietary diversity. About 85% of the pregnant women knew that they should eat more in comparison to nonpregnant women, and only 16.9% knew the importance of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. Mean (SD) dietary diversity score of the participants was 5.27 (1.35), 85.4% did not consume any fruits, and 82.3% did not take milk and milk products. Almost all participants took at least one food item in the starchy staples and green leafy vegetables food groups. Moreover, 53% consumed vitamin A-rich fruits, vegetables, and tubers; 7.7% organ meats; and 30.8% eggs. Those who earned a monthly income of ≥GHC 500 or US$ 87 (B = 1.82; 0.90–2.73; p < 0.001 ) significantly had higher dietary diversity scores compared to those who earned less. Dietary diversity of the pregnant women was suboptimal. The consumption of vitamin A- and iron-rich foods was inadequate. Income was an important determinant of the dietary diversity of pregnant women from Northern rural Ghana.

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