Seasonality in associations between dietary diversity scores and nutrient adequacy ratios among pregnant women in rural Malawi – a cross-sectional study

Background. Maternal dietary diversity is a proxy indicator of maternal nutrient adequacy and improves health outcomes for both mothers and babies. However, little is documented on dietary diversity among pregnant mothers. Therefore, this study assessed diet diversity and associated factors among pregnant mothers attending the antenatal clinic in Shashemane, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 systematically selected pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of Shashemane town in April 2017. Dietary diversity was assessed using a 24 h dietary recall method, and the dietary diversity score was computed for ten food groups. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were computed to identify associated factors of dietary diversity.Result. In this study, only a quarter (25.4%) of pregnant mothers consumed adequate dietary diversity. Mother’s tertiary (AOR 3.18; 95% CI: 1.8, 6.35) and secondary (AOR 2.13; 95% CI: 2.32, 8.72) education, household monthly income above 3500 ETB (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.47, 7.78), livestock ownership (AOR = 4.15; 95% CI: 2.07, 9.86), women who got emotional support from the husband (AOR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.12, 8.23), and women who participated in the shooping (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI: 3.27, 9.83) were more likely to attain the adequate dietary diversity.Conclusion. The study revealed that the overall consumption of adequate dietary diversity was found to be low. Developing the educational level of women, increasing household income and owning of livestock, increasing husbands’ support, and improving women’s participation in the shopping are recommended to improve women’s adequate dietary diversity.

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Dr. Adequacy of nutrient intakes among pregnant Women in Northern Ghana

World Nutrition ◽

10.26596/wn.2020111145-164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 145-164

Author(s):

Mahama Saaka

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Average Energy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Food Groups ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Nutrient Adequacy

Introduction: Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is a pre-requisite for good pregnancy outcomes as well as future wellbeing, development and quality of life of the unborn child. This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated the adequacy of nutrient intakes of pregnant women resident in northern Ghana. Methods: A total of 400 pregnant women in 25 communities in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions of Ghana were interviewed at the household level. The nutrient intakes were assessed using a structured 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. A dietary diversity score (DDS) was measured as a count of food groups. A nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of 14 nutrients as well as mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated based on the 24-hour dietary recall. Results: The average energy, protein and fat intakes were 2,770.8 ± 1,127.5 Kcal/day, 59.2 ±27.5 g/day, and 105.25±58.0 g/day, respectively. The proportion of women meeting the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of these macro-nutrients were 58.8%, 27.0% and 50.3% respectively. The average MAR of 14 nutrients was calculated to be 68% as the overall measure of nutrient adequacy. MAR correlated positively with DDS (r = 0.24 P < 0.001). Over 50% pregnant women obtained less than 66% of the RDA for iron, calcium, riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin B12. Conclusion: Diets of the majority of these pregnant women were deficient in several nutrients. Dietary diversity scores served as a useful proxy indicator of nutrient adequacy in this sample. In order to meet the requirements for essential nutrients, more effort should be made to promote dietary diversity among pregnant women in northern Ghana.

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Dietary Intake Quality Is Affected by Knowledge and Dietary Intake Frequency among Pregnant Women in Muntinlupa, Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12306

Author(s):

Tadashi Yamashita ◽

Ramon Emilio Daniel Roces ◽

Cecilia Ladines-Llave ◽

Maria Teresa Reyes Tuliao ◽

Mary Wanjira Kamau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Improving the nutrition of pregnant women is essential in reducing maternal and child mortality, which is one of the global nutritional goals of 2025. This study evaluated the factors related to the quality of dietary intake among pregnant women in Muntinlupa, Philippines. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 280 pregnant women at a hospital in Muntinlupa from March 2019 to August 2019 using questionnaires. After the primary aggregation, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the quality of dietary intake in pregnant women. Approximately half of the women (46.4%, n = 130) had a low dietary diversity during pregnancy. Less than 30% of the respondents consumed beans, soybean products, and nuts. In the logistic regression analysis, poor maternal knowledge of nutritional sources to prevent anemia (odds ratio (OR) 4.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–12.32, p = 0.01) and less frequent meal consumption (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.08–4.29, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with poor dietary diversity. Our findings are crucial because they suggest that increasing the knowledge of pregnant women about good nutrition and ensuring that dietary intake is frequent and adequate through antenatal care can improve the nutrition of pregnant women.

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The role of seasonality on the diet and household food security of pregnant women living in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001600183x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 121-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Briony Stevens ◽

Kerrianne Watt ◽

Julie Brimbecombe ◽

Alan Clough ◽

Jenni Judd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Food

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of seasonality with dietary diversity, household food security and nutritional status of pregnant women in a rural district of northern Bangladesh.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2013 to February 2015. Data were collected on demographics, household food security (using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale), dietary diversity (using the women’s dietary diversity questionnaire) and mid-upper arm circumference. Descriptive statistics were used to explore demographics, dietary diversity, household food security and nutritional status, and inferential statistics were applied to explore the role of seasonality on diversity, household food security and nutritional status.SettingTwelve villages of Pirganj sub-district, Rangpur District, northern Bangladesh.SubjectsPregnant women (n 288).ResultsSeasonality was found to be associated with dietary diversity (P=0·026) and household food security (P=0·039). Dietary diversity was significantly lower in summer (P=0·029) and spring (P=0·038). Food security deteriorated significantly in spring (P=0·006) and late autumn (P=0·009).ConclusionSeasons play a role in women’s household food security status and dietary diversity, with food security deteriorating during the lean seasons and dietary diversity deteriorating during the second ‘lesser’ lean season and the season immediately after. Interventions that aim to improve the diet of pregnant women from low-income, subsistence-farming communities need to recognise the role of seasonality on diet and food security and to incorporate initiatives to prevent seasonal declines.

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Factors associated with dietary diversity and physical activity of pregnant women in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study at an antenatal care setting

Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1002/lim2.41 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Satyajit Kundu ◽

Dilruba Easmin Jharna ◽

Md. Hasan Al Banna ◽

Md Shafiqul Islam Khan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Care Setting ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

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Dietary Diversity of Pregnant Women of Rajshahi District in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.29011/2575-9760.001227 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Eyad Ahmed ◽

Fardib Mahbub ◽

Israt Jahan ◽

Shimul Islam ◽

Fatema Tuj-Zohra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Level and predictors of dietary diversity among pregnant women in rural South-West Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e055125

Author(s):

Melesse Niguse Kuma ◽

Dessalegn Tamiru ◽

Tefera Belachew

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Elementary Education ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

South West ◽

South West Ethiopia

ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of dietary diversity and associated factors among pregnant women in the rural communities of Jimma Zone, south-west Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 June to 30 June 2020.SettingsThe study was conducted in Seka Chekorsa and Mana districts. From a total of 63 listed kebeles, 21 were randomly selected.ParticipantsThree hundred sixty first-trimester pregnant women have participated in this study. We used a systematic random sampling method to select the participants after a home-to-home census.Primary and secondary outcomesDietary diversity was assessed using a 24 hours dietary recall method. Descriptive statistics were computed to describe the study subjects. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was run to control for all possible confounding effects and measure the strength of association between the outcome of interest and predictor.ResultsThe overall magnitude of adequate dietary diversity was found to be 186 (51.7%); 95% CI 46.1% to 56.4%). Having attended elementary education (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.45; 95% CI 1.33 to 4.51), completed grade 8 (AOR=6.05; 95% CI 2.65 to 13.80), attended high school (AOR=11.69; 95% CI 3.76 to 36.27), completed high school and above (AOR=2.92; 95% CI 1.16 to 7.32), husbands attended high school (AOR=2.92; 95% CI 1.15 to 7.47), family size of less than five (AOR=3.44; 95% CI to 1.77–6.66) were positively significantly associated with adequate dietary diversity. On the other hand, not had additional meal during pregnancy (AOR=0.42; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.83) was negatively associated with adequate dietary diversity.ConclusionsWe observed that the adequate dietary diversity score of pregnant women was low compared with the pooled proportion of dietary diversity conducted in Ethiopia. Therefore, strengthening and promoting female education through intersectoral collaborations and additional meal counselling during pregnancy is indispensable.

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Determinants of dietary diversity among pregnant women in Laikipia County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-017-0126-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Willy Kiboi ◽

Judith Kimiywe ◽

Peter Chege

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Factors associated with dietary diversity among pregnant women in the western hill region of Nepal: A community based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0247085

Author(s):

Vintuna Shrestha ◽

Rajan Paudel ◽

Dev Ram Sunuwar ◽

Andrew L. Thorne Lyman ◽

Swetha Manohar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hill Region

Background Dietary diversity can play an important role in providing essential nutrients for both mother and fetus during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with dietary diversity during pregnancy in the western hill region of Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional study of 327 pregnant women was conducted in an urban municipality of Baglung district in the western hill region of Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on household demographic and socioeconomic status, food taboos, household food security status, nutrition-related knowledge in pregnancy, and women’s empowerment. Women consuming ≥5 of 10 food groups in the past 24 hours were defined as consuming a diverse diet using the Minimum Dietary Diversity Score for Women (MDD-W) tool. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate crude odds ratio (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to understand factors associated with dietary diversity. Results Almost 45% (95% CI: 39.6–50.4) of the participants did not consume a diverse diet and the mean dietary diversity score was 4.76 ± 1.23. Multivariable analysis revealed that women with greater empowerment (aOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.9–9.9), from wealthier households (aOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.7–9.3), joint families (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.1), employment (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–4.1), and had adequate nutrition knowledge (aOR: 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4) had higher odds of dietary diversity. Conclusion Along with socioeconomic status, women’s empowerment and nutrition knowledge were modifiable risk factors that should be considered as targets for programs to improve women’s health during pregnancy.

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