INTERRATER AND TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF THE Y BALANCE TEST IN HEALTHY, EARLY ADOLESCENT FEMALE ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Greenberg ◽  
Matthew Barle ◽  
Erica Glassmann ◽  
Min-Kyung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

scholarly journals RELIABILITY AND STABILITY OF THE Y BALANCE TEST IN HEALTHY EARLY ADOLESCENT FEMALE ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0005
Author(s):  
Eric T. Greenberg ◽  
Matthew Barle ◽  
Erica Glassman ◽  
Liya Jacob ◽  
Hussein Jaafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Balance Deficits ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Adolescent females are at an increased risk of lower extremity injuries and may be partially explained by the interaction of peak rates of skeletal growth, an immature neuromuscular system, and deficits in muscle strength and recruitment patterns. Reliable tests of dynamic stability can help identify athletes with balance deficits and assess changes in limb function after injury. Sophisticated measures of dynamic postural control, such as stabilometry, are able to detect subtle deficits in young athletes, but are expensive and may not be readily available in a clinical setting. The Y Balance Test (YBT) is a low-cost, clinical measure of dynamic postural control that mimics the demands of sports requiring unilateral balance. It requires the athlete to dynamically balance on each leg while performing a maximal reach with the other limb in three different directions: anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL). The athlete is required to maintain unilateral balance during the test as maximal reach distance is measured to the nearest 0.5 cm. Though the YBT has been predicative of injury in the adult population, studies are lacking regarding the utility in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to estimate the inter- and intra- rater reliability and stability of the YBT in early adolescent females over a one-month period. METHODS: Twenty-five female athletes (mean age 12.7 ± 0.6 years) participated. Subjects were tested at their respective practice facilities and participated in various sporting activities (Figure 1). Two novice raters with minimal training in YBT administration were randomly selected from a pool of five. The raters simultaneously assessed each subject’s YBT performance and were blinded to each other’s results. A second testing session was performed approximately one month later (n=21, mean 32.3± 9.6 days) by the same two raters, blinded to previous measurements (Figure 2). The time interval was chosen to mimic a typical duration between reassessments in standard clinical care. Maximum reach distances and composite (COMP) scores were collected on both limbs and normalized to leg length (Figure 3). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for between rater (ICC 2,1) and between session (ICC 3,1) agreement. Measurement error and minimal detectable change (MDC) values were calculated for clinical interpretation. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in height (p=0.016) and weight (p=0.003) from day 1 to day 2 of testing. Interrater reliability was excellent for all corrected reach directions and COMP scores of the right limb (ICC 0.973- 0.998) and left limb (ICC 0.960-0.999) except for the day 1 left ANT reach which was good (ICC 0.811) (Figure 4). Intrarater (test-retest) reliability were moderate to excellent for the right limb (ICC 0.681- 0.908) and moderate to good for left limb (ICC 0.714 - 0.811). Standard error of measurement (SEM) percentages were all less than 2% of all respective mean reach distances. MDC values for the right and left limbs ranged between 2.02-3.62% and 2.77-3.63%, respectively (Figure 5). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The early adolescent female is a unique population, where dynamic balance deficits are escalated by the interaction of an immature neuromuscular system, peak maturational growth rates, and emergence of sex specific differences. The incidence of ACL injuries is greatest during the high school years and recommendations support the implementation of targeted neuromuscular interventions prior to the time of this peak injury risk. The YBT is a reliable and stable tool to assess dynamic balance in early adolescent females and may be utilized by clinicians, physical education teachers, and coaches to help identify high risk individuals, mitigate the risk of injury, and determine functional improvements. The time span between testing sessions in the current study was longer than previous work in attempt to improve external validity by mimicking a typical time interval between outcome measure reassessments performed in a clinical setting. Between session reliability measures were lower than previous studies in adults and highlights the unique performance variation with dynamic balance tasks in the female preadolescent population. This is exemplified by the anthropometric changes that occurred over just a one month interval. This study supports the reliability and stability of the YBT in healthy early adolescent females and can be administered by those with minimal YBT training. Though the YBT has been shown to be predicative of injury in adults and is often included in return to sport functional test batteries after injury, future studies are needed to further understand its utility in this high-risk early adolescent female population. [Figure: see text]

Inter-rater And Test-retest Reliability Of The Y-balance Test In Healthy Women 50-80 Years Old

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Jacob Shepherd ◽  
Autumn Oostindie ◽  
Jared Locke ◽  
Srikant Vallabhajosula ◽  
Deborah Stetts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Balance Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

scholarly journals Concurrent Validity and Reliability of My Jump 2 App for Measuring Vertical Jump Height in Recreationally Active Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Špela Bogataj ◽  
Maja Pajek ◽  
Slobodan Andrašić ◽  
Nebojša Trajković
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Active Adults

This study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and usefulness of the smartphone-based application, My Jump 2, against Optojump in recreationally active adults. Participants (18 women, 28.9 ± 5.6 years, and 26 men, 30.1 ± 10.6 years) completed squat jumps (SJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), and CMJ with arm swing (CMJAS) on Optojump and were simultaneously recorded using My Jump 2. To evaluate concurrent validity, jump height, calculated from flight time attained from each device, was compared for each jump type. Test-retest reliability was determined by replicating data analysis of My Jump 2 recordings on two occasions separated by two weeks. High test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.93) was observed for all measures in both male and female athletes. Very large correlations were observed between the My Jump 2 app and Optojump for SJ (r = 0.95, p = 0.001), CMJ (r = 0.98, p = 0.001), and CMJAS (r = 0.98, p = 0.001) in male athletes. Similar results were obtained for female recreational athletes for all jumps (r > 0.94, p = 0.001). The study results suggest that My Jump 2 is a valid, reliable, and useful tool for measuring vertical jump in recreationally active adults. Therefore, due to its simplicity and practicality, it can be used by practitioners, coaches, and recreationally-active adults to measure vertical jump performance with a simple test as SJ, CMJ, and CMJAS.

Test-Retest Reliability of the 7-Factor Motives for Playing Drinking Games Scale and its Associations With Drinking Game Behaviors Among Female College Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron L. Zamboanga ◽  
Nathan T. Kearns ◽  
Janine V. Olthuis ◽  
Heidemarie Blumenthal ◽  
Renee M. Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Drinking Games ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Drinking games (DGs) participation is prevalent among college-attending emerging adults. Research also suggests that student-athletes play DGs more frequently than non student-athletes, but what motivates student-athletes to participate in DGs is not well understood. Using data from a larger longitudinal study with Division III female athletes, we examined the test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of the revised 7-factor Motives for Playing Drinking Games (MPDG) measure, and explored how its subscales were related to DGs behavior across two annual timepoints (n = 49). Results indicated that the MPDG shows adequate test-retest reliability over a one year period among student-athletes. Controlling for age and general alcohol consumption, conformity motives were positively associated with DG consumption at timepoint 1, whereas the DG motives of enhancement/thrills and boredom were positively related to DG consumption at timepoint 2. Implications for future research directions on motives for playing DGs and DGs behavior among student-athletes are discussed.

Hip- and Thigh-Muscle Activation During the Star Excursion Balance Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Norris ◽  
Elaine Trudelle-Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Star Excursion Balance Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Context:The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is often used to train and assess dynamic balance and neuromuscular control. Few studies have examined hip- and thigh-muscle activation during the SEBT.Objective:To quantify hip- and thigh-muscle activity during the SEBT.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:22 healthy individuals, 11 men and 11 women.Methods:EMG measurements were taken as participants completed 3 trials of the anterior (A), medial (M), and posteromedial (PM) reach directions of the SEBT.Main Outcome Measures:Mean EMG data (% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) from the gluteus medius (Gmed), gluteus maximus (Gmax), and vastus medialis (VM) were measured during the eccentric phase of each SEBT reach direction. Test–retest reliability of EMG data across the 3 trials in each direction was calculated. EMG data from each muscle were compared across the 3 reach directions.Results:Test–retest reliability ranged from ICC3,1 values of .91 to .99. A 2-way repeated-measure ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between muscle activation and reach direction. One-way ANOVAs showed no difference in GMed activity between the A and M directions. GMed activity in the A and M directions was greater than in the PM direction. There was no difference in GMax and VM activity across the 3 directions.Conclusion:GMed was recruited most effectively when reaching was performed in the A and M directions. The A, M, and PM directions elicited similar patterns of muscle recruitment for the GMax and VM. During all 3 SEBT directions, VM activation exceeded the 40–60% threshold suggested for strengthening effects. GMed activity also exceeded the threshold in the M direction. GMax activation, however, was below the 40% threshold for all 3 reach directions, suggesting that performing dynamic lower extremity reaching in the A, M, and PM directions may not elicit strengthening effects for the GMax.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Star Excursion Balance Test in Primary School Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Calatayud ◽  
Sebastien Borreani ◽  
Juan Carlos Colado ◽  
Fernando Martin ◽  
Jorge Flandez
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Star Excursion Balance Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

scholarly journals Test-Retest Reliability and the Learning Effect on Isokinetic Fatigue in Female Master’s Cyclists

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Glenn ◽  
Michelle Gray ◽  
Nicole E. Moyen ◽  
Jennifer L. Vincenzo ◽  
Kylie K. Harmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Effect ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: Isokinetic exercise is commonly used as a benchmark for strength and performance. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to establish isokinetic fatigue test-retest reliability and examine the learning effect when testing without familiarization. Methods: 22 masters-aged [53±5 years), competitive female cyclists completed 3 separate 50-repetition knee flexion/extension tests on a Biodex, separated by one-week with no familiarization. Test-retest reliability [intra-class correlation [ICC]), 95% confidence intervals [CI), technical error of measurement [TEM) were calculated. Results: ICCs between trials exhibited excellent reliability during extension [.93–.97) and flexion [.93–.97) for all variables except time to peak torque [ICC=.35 and.45 for extension and flexion, respectively) and fatigue index [ICC=.47 for flexion). Relative TEM was minimal for extension between trial 1 and trial 2 [0.27%–0.97%) and between trial 2 and trial 3 [0.27%–1.45%) for all variables. Similar results were observed for flexion between trial 1 and trial 2 [0.87%–2.45%) and between trial 2 and trial 3 [0.54%–1.10%). No differences [Wilks Λ>.05) existed between trials, indicating no learning effect associated with the tests. Conclusions: There was strong test-retest reliability in masters-aged, female athletes and no learning effect was associated with the Biodex during a knee extension/flexion fatigue protocol.

Static and dynamic standing balance: test-retest reliability and reference values in 9 to 10 year old children

2006 ◽  
Vol 165 (11) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Geldhof ◽  
Greet Cardon ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Lieven Danneels ◽  
Pascal Coorevits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document