scholarly journals STUDI PUSTAKA: POTENSI SOVATELTIDE (IRL-1620) SEBAGAI OBAT NEUROPROTEKTIF MUTAKHIR STROKE ISKEMIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ricardo Hamonangan ◽  
Michael Nobel Simanjuntak ◽  
Leonardus Yodi Giovanni
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Endothelin B ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Stroke adalah penyebab kematian tertinggi kedua di dunia. Stroke iskemik terjadi pada 88% kasus stroke, sedangkan stroke pendarahan terjadi pada 12% kasus. Baik pada dewasa maupun anak-anak, stroke dapat menyebabkan kecacatan sehingga memengaruhi produktivitas penderita. Namun, pengobatan stroke iskemik secara farmakologis merupakan tantangan bagi dunia kedokteran karena patologi stroke iskemik yang kompleks. Sebagai intervensi mutakhir, Sovateltide (IRL-1620/PMZ-1620) hadir sebagai agonis endothelin B receptors (ETBR) selektif yang prospektif dengan memberikan efek neuroprotektif dan angiogenesis pada stroke iskemik. Meskipun masih dalam uji coba klinis, belum ada studi pustaka yang membahas mengenai potensi Sovateltide sebagai neuroprotektif stroke iskemik. Sebagai solusinya, studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi Sovateltide sebagai obat neuroprotektif mutakhir stroke iskemik. Studi pustaka secara sistematis ini merupakan hasil analisis dan sintesis dari berbagai referensi yang relevan dengan topik di Pubmed dan Google Scholar, dicari menggunakan berbagai kata kunci, dan jangka waktu tidak lebih dari 10 tahun. Sovateltide merupakan agonis ETBR yang paling selektif sehingga mampu memberikan efek neuroprotektif dengan meningkatkan proliferasi, survival rate, diferensiasi, neurogenesis, fusion mitokondria, dan perkembangan sel saraf. Selain itu, Sovateltide juga mampu meningkatkan Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) sehingga menyebabkan angiogenesis pada pembuluh darah otak yang mengalami oklusi. Berdasarkan penelitian, pemberian Sovateltide pada sampel tikus dewasa dan anak- anak dengan middle cerebral arteries occlusion (MCAO) berpotensi menjadi obat neuroprotektif stroke iskemik fase akut dan subakut. Sovateltide memiliki potensi yang baik sebagai obat neuroprotektif mutakhir stroke iskemik. 

Expression Level, and Prognostic Impact of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL).

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4422-4422
Author(s):  
Yiqing Li ◽  
Songmei Yin ◽  
Linlin Yin ◽  
Shuangfeng Xie ◽  
Danian Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which induces angiogenesis and increases vascular permeability, is a major growth factor mediating tumor progression. In this study, we employed immunohistochemical-staining method to detect the expression of VEGF in lymph nodes taken from39 non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas patients and analyzed the relation of the expression levels to malignant aggressiveness, treatment response, histological grade, clinical stage and prognosis. The patients had been observed for at least 5 years or until death. 9 patients with benign lymphadenopathy were acted as control. The expression of VEGF was assessed according to the percentage of immunoreactive cells in a total of 1000 neoplastic cells (quantitative analysis). Immunoreactivity was graded positive, more than 10% of carcinoma cells stained and negative, no detectable staining or less than 10% of carcinoma cells stained. Furthermore, the qualitative intensity of staining for VEGF was assessed using a scale of 0–3+. The expression analysis of VEGF revealed that in 31 out of 39 (79.49%) specimens VEGF staining was positive. The VEGF staining was always cell membrane. Significant associations were found between the expression of VEGF and histological grade, Ann Arbor stage, prognosis (according to International Prognostic Index, IPI) and chemotherapy response. Among 8 cases of low grade, 7 had lower-level expression and 1 had higher-level expression, but among 31 cases of intermediate and high grade, 13 had lower-level expression and18 had higher-level expression (P=0.044<0.05). Among 22 cases of stageI+II, 18 had lower-level expression and 4 had higher-level expression. Among 17 cases of stageIII+ IV, 2 had lower-level expression and 15 had higher-level expression (P=0.000<0.05). Among 13 cases of lower-level expression, 12 (92.3%) were in complete remission (CR) and 1 was in non remission (NR). Among 13 cases of higher-level expression, 6 (46.2%) were in CR or partial remisson (PR) and 7 were in NR (P=0.030<0.05). Among 27 cases of low-risk and low-intermediate-risk, 17 had lower-level expression and 10 had higher-level expression (P=0.014<0.05). We also found high VEGF was associated with a high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Among 20 cases with normal LDH level, 13 had lower-level expression and 7 had higher-level expression. Among 14 cases with higher-level LDH; 3 had lower-level expression and 11 had higher-level expression (P=0.017<0.05). Of 39 patients, 35 patients were followed up. In the lower-level expression group, 5-year survival rate was 91.67%. 5-year survival rate of higher-level expression group was 41.89%. There’s statistical difference in 3-year survival rate between these two groups(P=0.032<0.05). However, the expression of VEGF was not associated with age, gender, B symptoms, immunophenotyping andβ2-MG. In a conclusion, the expression of VEGF in NHL was increased. It was correlated with histopathological grade, Ann Arbor stage, chemotheraphy response and IPI It suggested that VEGF play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of NHL and be an unfavorable prognostic factor in NHL.

scholarly journals Effects of Hypoxic Preconditioning and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the Survival of Isolated Primary Retinal Ganglion Cells

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Hyoung Won Bae ◽  
Wungrak Choi ◽  
Ah Reum Hwang ◽  
Sang Yeop Lee ◽  
Gong Je Seong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hypoxic Preconditioning ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

This study aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on primary retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and the associated mechanism, including the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Retinas were separated from the enucleated eyeballs of Sprague–Dawley rats on postnatal days 1–4. RGCs were harvested using an immunopanning-magnetic separation system and maintained for 24 h in a defined medium. Hypoxic damage (0.3% O2) was inflicted on the cells using a CO₂ chamber. Anti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab) was administered to RGCs exposed to hypoxic conditions, and RGC survival rate was compared to that of non-anti-VEGF antibody-treated RGCs. HPC lasting 4 h significantly increased RGC survival rate. In the RGCs exposed to hypoxic conditions for 4 h, VEGF mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased. Treatment with high dose bevacizumab (>1 mg/mL) countered HPC-mediated RGC survival. Protein kinase B and focal adhesion kinase levels were significantly increased in 4-h hypoxia-treated RGCs. HPC showed beneficial effects on primary RGC survival. However, only specifically controlled exposure to hypoxic conditions rendered neuroprotective effects. Strong inhibition of VEGF inhibited HPC-mediated RGC survival. These results indicate that VEGF may play an essential role in promoting cell survival under hypoxic conditions.

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