Exergy, Exergy Destruction Rate and Exergy Efficiency Analysis of Thermal Power Plants by a Computer Software at Various Operating Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Geete ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Destruction Rate

scholarly journals Selection of Heat Pump Capacity Used at Thermal Power Plants under Electricity Market Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Milana Treshcheva ◽  
Irina Anikina ◽  
Vitaly Sergeev ◽  
Sergey Skulkin ◽  
Dmitry Treshchev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Maximum Heat

The percentage of heat pumps used in thermal power plants (TPPs) in the fuel and energy balance is extremely low in in most countries. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a systematic approach to selecting and justifying the circuit solutions and equipment capacity. This article aims to develop a new method of calculating the maximum capacity of heat pumps. The method proposed in the article has elements of marginal analysis. It takes into account the limitation of heat pump capacity by break-even operation at electric power market (compensation of fuel expenses, connected with electric power production). In this case, the heat pump’s maximum allowable capacity depends on the electric capacity of TPP, electricity consumption for own needs, specific consumption of conditional fuel for electricity production, a ratio of prices for energy resources, and a conversion factor of heat pump. For TPP based on combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) CCGT-450 with prices at the Russian energy resources markets at the level of 2019, when operating with the maximum heat load, the allowable heat pump capacity will be about 50 MW, and when operating with the minimum heat load—about 200 MW.

scholarly journals The influence of variable operating conditions on the design and exploitation of fly ash pneumatic transport systems in thermal power plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stanojević ◽  
D. Radić ◽  
A. Jovović ◽  
M. Pavlović ◽  
V. Karamarković
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Pneumatic Transport ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

Efficiency analysis of Indian thermal power plants: A unit level cross-sectional perspective

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Sen ◽  
Bhaskar Roy ◽  
Ankit Narsaria ◽  
Ayan Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Suman Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Level

scholarly journals Uncertainty Analysis for the CH4 Emission Factor of Thermal Power Plant by Monte Carlo Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsang Cho ◽  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Minwook Kim ◽  
Yoonjung Hong ◽  
Eui-chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Uncertainty Range

Thermal power plants are a large source of greenhouse gas emissions among energy industry facilities. Emission factors for methane and nitrous oxide depend on combustion technologies and operating conditions and vary significantly with individual thermal power plants. Due to this variability, use of average emission factors for these gases will introduce relatively large uncertainties. This study determined the CH4 emission factors of thermal power plants currently in operation in Korea by conducting field investigations according to fuel type and type of combustion technique. Through use of the Monte Carlo simulation, the uncertainty range for the CH4 emission factor was determined. The estimation showed, at the 95% confidence level, that the uncertainty range for CH4 emission factor from a tangential firing boiler using bituminous coal was −46.6% to +145.2%. The range for the opposed wall-firing boiler was −25.3% to +70.9%. The range for the tangential firing boiler using fuel oil was −39.0% to 93.5%, that from the opposed wall-firing boiler was −47.7% to +201.1%, and that from the internal combustion engine boiler was −38.7% to +106.1%. Finally, the uncertainty range for the CH4 emission factor from the combined cycle boiler using LNG was −90% to +326%.

scholarly journals Review of Process Modeling of Solid-Fuel Thermal Power Plants for Flexible and Off-Design Operation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6587
Author(s):  
Ioannis Avagianos ◽  
Dimitrios Rakopoulos ◽  
Sotirios Karellas ◽  
Emmanouil Kakaras
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Flexible Operation

Since the widespread deployment of non-dispatchable, intermittent, and highly variable power production from renewable energy sources (RES), the demand for flexible power production has been steadily growing. As new-built dispatchable power plants have not been very quickly adapted to the emerging flexible operation, this task has been addressed by existing plants as well. Existing solid-fuel thermal power plants have undergone an extensive study to increase their flexible operation. Thermodynamic process-modeling tools have been extensively used for plant modeling. Steady- and transient-state simulations have been performed under various operating regimes, supplying valuable results for efficient power-plant operation. Flexibility aspects regarding low-load operation and steady operational conditions are mostly investigated with steady-state simulations. Flexibility aspects related to variation over time such as ramping rates are investigated with transient simulations. The off-design operation is mainly attributed to the existing fleet of power plants, struggling to balance between their former operational schemes as base and/or medium-load plants. However, off-design operation is also considered for new plants in the design phase and is included as a simulation aspect. Process modeling turns out to be a proven tool for calculating plant flexibility and predicting extreme operating conditions, defining further steps for a new operational scheme, drafting accident mitigation control procedures or, furthermore, provisioning more complex and cross-field future tasks. A review of the off-design aspect as a simulation approach is undertaken and presented in this work. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for this aspect of solid-fuel thermal power plants are discussed.

scholarly journals Condition Monitoring of Internal Combustion Engines in Thermal Power Plants Based on Control Charts and Adapted Nelson Rules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4924
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mitchelly Vilas Boas ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Borges-da-Silva ◽  
Helcio Francisco Villa-Nova ◽  
Erik Leandro Bonaldi ◽  
Levy Ely Lacerda Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Operational Conditions

In thermal power plants, the internal combustion engines are constantly subjected to stresses, requiring a continuous monitoring system in order to check their operating conditions. However, most of the time, these monitoring systems only indicate if the monitored parameters are in nonconformity close to the occurrence of a catastrophic failure—they do not allow a predictive analysis of the operating conditions of the machine. In this paper, a statistical model, based on the statistical control process and Nelson Rules, is proposed to analyze the operational conditions of the machine based on the supervisory system data. The statistical model is validated through comparisons with entries of the plant logbook. It is demonstrated that the results obtained with the proposed statistical model match perfectly with the entries of the logbook, showing our model to be a promising tool for making decisions concerning maintenance in the plant.

scholarly journals Development of a Simulation Program to Optimise Process Parameters of Steam Power Cycles

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Regenerative Cycle

Conventional coal-based thermal power plants have an average overall efficiency in the range of 35-38 %. Any increase in the percent efficiency of these power plants, is subjected to constraints posed by maximum and minimum temperatures, which are restricted by the creep property of materials and ambient temperature, respectively. Hence, an increase of efficiency beyond certain limits is not possible without optimising the process parameters associated with reheat and regenerative cycles. In this work, an attempt is made to optimise reheat and regenerative cycle process parameters such as, reheat pressure, tapping pressure of bled steam, and mass fraction of bled steam, in order to achieve maximum cycle efficiency. The optimisation of the process parameters was achieved by developing a simulation program using Microsoft Visual Studio. This program takes into account isentropic efficiencies of turbines and pumps and pressure drop in the boiler, and it can be used to simulate the optimum operating conditions of multi-stage reheat & regenerative cycle based thermal power plants. A comparison between the efficiencies of eight kinds of steam power cycles, at optimised conditions, has been made for different boiler pressures and steam temperatures at the turbine inlet. This comparison can aid power plant designers in choosing appropriate steam power cycles for a given set of operating conditions. It is observed that the results obtained from the program, such as, the optimum reheat pressures for two stage reheat cycles and optimum bled steam tapping pressures for two stage regenerative cycles are in good agreement with the published literature.

scholarly journals Exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of a steam boiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 5) ◽  
pp. 1601-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Mitrovic ◽  
Branislav Stojanovic ◽  
Jelena Janevski ◽  
Marko Ignjatovic ◽  
Goran Vuckovic
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
A Value ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
The Cost

Relying on coal as primary fuel in thermal power plants represents an unsustainable concept due to limited coal reserves and a negative environmental impact. Efficient utilization of coal reserves and a request for minimization of irreversibilities are imperative for thermal power plants operation. Numerous studies have shown that a steam boiler is a thermal power plant component with the highest irreversibility. The idea of this paper is to quantify the amounts and sources of irreversibilities within a steam boiler and its components, serving a 348.5MWe thermal power plant. Having this in mind, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of a steam boiler is presented in this paper. Exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of all boiler components and of the boiler as a whole were calculated. Based on exergy flows and economic parameters (cost of the boiler, annual operation hours of the unit, maintenance factor, interest rate, operating period of the boiler), exergy analysis resulted in the cost of produced steam. The obtained results show that the boiler exergy efficiency is at 47.4%, with the largest exergy destruction occurring in the combustion chamber with a value of 288.07 MW (60.04%), and the smallest in the air heater with a value of 4.57 MW (0.95%). The cost of produced steam is calculated at 49,356.7 $/h by applying exergoeconomic analysis.

Model to Estimate Mass Emissions of Atmospheric Pollutants in Thermal Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ I. Huertas ◽  
Mauricio Y. Carmona ◽  
Diego Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Us Epa

Currently there is a need for a model to estimate mass emissions of atmospheric pollutants at the exit of the stacks of thermal power plants that operate under a variable regime of electric power generation based on the variables that typically are monitored during the operation of the plants. The recommended alternative to calculate the mass emissions of pollutants is based on the experimental measurements of pollutant concentration, velocity and temperature at the exit of the stack. This alternative is expensive and cumbersome to implement. Alternatively the US EPA emission factors can be used. However, the emission factors require modifications to account for the type of fuel, the technology used to control emissions, maintenance of the equipment, and the local environmental conditions. As a solution, this paper presents a model to estimate emissions of atmospheric pollutants in thermal power plants based on the variables that are continuously monitored during the operation of most of the thermal power plants in Mexico such as fuel chemical composition, fuel consumption, air to fuel ratio of the combustion process, and mean boiler temperature. The proposed model was calibrated by continuously measuring all the variables included in the three models during one week of operation of a 2.2 GW thermal power plant located in the continental area of the Gulf of Mexico. This plant has six units of generation that operate with fuel oil and one with natural gas. Results obtained from the three methodologies described before were compared. It was concluded that the NOx, SOx and CO results of the proposed model follow closely the results obtained using the measurements of concentration, velocity and temperature at the exit of the stack method. It was also found that the results of the emission factors methodology require to be adjusted to include the particular operating conditions of each unit of electricity generation.

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