scholarly journals Hygienic characteristic of the electromagnetic situation created by the electromagnetic radiation of the antennas of mobile base stations in Cherkasy region before and after the introduction of 4G technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
S.S.  Halak ◽  
V.Yu. Dumansky ◽  
N.G. Nikitina ◽  
S.V. Bitkin ◽  
A.P. Bezverkha
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
5G Technologies ◽  
Mobile Base

This work is part of our researches to study the distribution of electromagnetic radiation from mobile base stations in populated areas. The aim of this work was to study and analyze the electromagnetic situation before and after the introduction of fourth generation 4G technology at mobile base stations. We analyzed the maximum and average levels of electromagnetic radiation from mobile base stations located in Cherkasy region. The electromagnetic situation was studied both in urban areas and in rural areas. It was found that after the introduction of the fourth generation 4G technology at the mobile base stations, the levels of electromagnetic radiation in Cherkasy region increased significantly. The median of maximum levels of electromagnetic radiation increased by 155.6% (in particular, in urban areas by 194.1%), and the median of average levels - by 75.2% (in particular, in urban areas by 141.1%). No significant changes in electromagnetic radiation levels were detected before and after the modernization of mobile base stations in rural areas. It has been proven that there are no prerequisites for increasing the maximum permissible level to 100 μW/cm2 when implementing 4G and 5G technologies at mobile base stations.

Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of patients operated on at the Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carlos Mena Canata ◽  
Rebeca Noemí Ruiz Vallejos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of postoperative patients.The study is observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The files of all postoperative adenotonsillectomy patients in Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo Paraguay. The Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire (OSA 18) was applied, asking patients about symptoms before and after surgery. An effective sample of 143 postoperative patients was obtained. The average age was 6.05 ± 2.08 years, 55.10% (81) were male and 44.89% (66) were female, 65.30% (96) were from urban areas and 34.69% (51) from the rural areas. The t test was performed for means of two paired samples, comparing the results of the Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire surveys before and after surgery which presented a significant difference (p <0.05) with a tendency to improve the quality of life after surgery. It has been shown that there is a significant difference, a considerable improvement in the quality of life of patients after adenotonsillectomy.

scholarly journals Can interactive parental education impact health care utilization in pediatric asthma: A study in rural Texas

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 3172-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Agusala ◽  
Priyanka Vij ◽  
Veena Agusala ◽  
Vivekanand Dasari ◽  
Bhargavi Kola
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Asthma Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact

Objective It is well known that parent/patient education helps to reduce the burden of asthma in urban areas, but data are scarce for rural areas. This study explored the impact of asthma education in Ector County, a rural part of Health Services Region 9 in Texas, which has one of the highest prevalence rates of asthma in the state. Methods This prospective study investigated an interactive asthma education intervention in pediatric patients aged 2–18 years and their caregivers. Change in parental/caregiver knowledge about their child’s asthma along with frequency of missed school days, emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions was obtained via telephone surveys before and after the educational intervention was delivered. Results The study enrolled 102 pediatric patients and their parents/caregivers. Asthma education was associated with significantly fewer school absences, ED visits and hospitalizations. Parents/caregivers reported feeling better educated, knowing what triggers an asthma exacerbation, identifying the signs of a severe asthma attack in their child, feeling confident about managing asthma and feeling that the asthma was under control. Conclusion Asthma education of caregivers and children was associated with better symptom management and fewer acute exacerbations, pointing to the relevance and importance of asthma education among pediatric patients in rural areas.

Energy Optimization at GSM Base Station Sites Located in Rural Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Anayochukwu Ani ◽  
Nzeako Anthony Ndubueze
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Software Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Energy Options ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Station Site ◽  
Mobile Base

This paper explores the best energy options by which the choice of the most energy optimized solution for a given GSM Base Station Site and location in any rural area in Nigeria can be made. The patterns of load consumption by mobile base stations at various geographical locations in rural areas are studied and suitably modeled for optimization using HOMER software. Simulation results show the optimized energy options to be superior to conventional solutions whereby diesel generators are currently used to power GSM Base Station Sites around Nigeria. Total Net Present Cost (NPC) and total impact on the environment are used as indices for measuring the optimization level of each energy solution. The solution with the highest optimization value is considered to be the best energy option for that Base Station Site.

scholarly journals New Health Care Reform and Impoverishment among Chronic Households in China: A Random-Intercept Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Anupam Garrib ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization

High out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for chronic disease care often contribute directly to household poverty. Although previous studies have explored the determinants of impoverishment in China, few published studies have compared levels of impoverishment before and after the New Health Care Reform (NHCR) in households with members with chronic diseases (hereafter referred to as chronic households). Our study explored this using data from the fourth and fifth National Health Service Surveys conducted in Shaanxi Province. In total, 1938 households in 2008 and 7700 households in 2013 were included in the analysis. Rates of impoverishment were measured using a method proposed by the World Health Organization. Multilevel logistic modeling was used to explore the influence of the NHCR on household impoverishment. Our study found that the influence of NHCR on impoverishment varied by residential location. After the reform, in rural areas, there was a significant decline in impoverishment, although the impoverishment rate remained high. There was little change in urban areas. In addition, impoverishment in the poorest households did not decline after the NHCR. Our findings are important for policy makers in particular for evaluating reform effectiveness, informing directions for health policy improvement, and highlighting achievements in the efforts to alleviate the economic burden of households that have members with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of a brief emergency medicine education course on emergency department work intensity of family physicians

CJEM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Samuel Vaillancourt ◽  
Susan E. Schultz ◽  
Chad Leaver ◽  
Thérèse Stukel ◽  
Michael J. Schull
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Physician Staffing ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Background: Recently, many Canadian emergency departments (EDs) have struggled with physician staffing shortages. In 2006, the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care funded a brief “emergency medicine primer” (EMP) course for family physicians to upgrade or refresh skills, with the goal of increasing their ED work intensity. We sought to determine the effect of the EMP on the ED work intensity of family physicians. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted of the ED work of 239 family physicians in the 2 years before and after a minimum of 6 months and up to 2 years from completing an EMP course in 2006 to 2008 compared to non-EMP physicians. ED work intensity was defined as the number of ED shifts per month and the number of ED patients seen per month. We conducted two analyses: a before and after comparison of all EMP physicians and a matched cohort analysis matching each EMP physician to four non-EMP physicians on sex, year of medical school graduation, rurality, and pre-EMP ED work intensity. Results: Postcourse, EMP physicians worked 0.5 more ED shifts per month (13% increase, p = 0.027). Compared to their matched controls, EMP physicians worked 0.7 more shifts per month (13% increase, p = 0.0032) and saw 15 more patients per month (17% increase, p = 0.0008) compared to matched non-EMP physicians. The greatest increases were among EMP physicians who were younger, were urban, had previous ED experience, or worked in a high-volume ED. The effect of the EMP course was negligible for physicians with no previous ED experience or working in rural areas. Conclusion: The EMP course is associated with modest increases in ED work intensity among some family physicians, in particular younger physicians in urban areas. No increase was seen among physicians without previous ED experience or working in rural areas.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Spain

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Early School ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population

This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Spain. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.In the last ten years (2009 - 2019) a significant portion of the Spanish youth population has migrated from rural areas to cities and towns. This migration trend could be explained by the economic crisis which impacted upon Spain from 2008 onwards. Data shown in this report makes visible the vulnerability of rural NEET youth to these downturns from 2009 to 2013. In line with this, Early-school leaving (ESLET) and unemployment rates in rural areas were more pronounced in 2013 and the following years for rural youth in comparison with youth living in urban areas and towns. However, in the last two years (2017-2019) there has been a sharp decrease in these indicators placing youth living rural areas, on average, in line with the rest (i.e., an average NEET youth rate in Spain 15% versus 16% for rural areas).

scholarly journals Role of Pharmacist in Addressing the Adverse Drug Reactions and Improving the Knowledge of Patients Regarding Their Drug Therapy at Government Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Zuheeb Ahmed ◽  
Marvi Metlo ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Hetesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After

Adverse Drug Reactions are among the major problems that cause mortality and morbidity in patients worldwide. In this study, Adverse Drug Reactions with common medicines were addressed, and the knowledge of pharmacist for prescribed medicine was also evaluated before and after educating the patients by pharmacist. The duration of this study was one year from October 2016 to October 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and completed on 150 patients admitted to the hospital's medical ward. Patients whose ages were between 18-60 years, either male or female, who reported chronic diseases and took medication for a long time were selected for the study. Children or patients having < 18 years and taking medicine for a short period were excluded from this study. Selected patients were evaluated, and results were collected. Finally, the collected data was analysed with the 21st version of IBM’s Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS v23). Of 150 selected patients, 61% were male, and 39% were female. Most patients were from the 18-30 age group, i.e., 28%. 60% of the patients hail from rural areas, and 40% from an urban areas. Of the 150 patient studied, 36.7% were illiterate, and only 4.7% of patients were above intermediate. Most of the patients were working in different government and private sectors. 8% of those taking the combination of Amoxicillin+Omeprazole+Salbutamol reported side-effects, whereas minimum side effects (2.0%) with Cholorothiazide+Atenolol+ Paracetamol. Reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients were Headache (14.9%), nausea (13.8%), vomiting (10.3%), abdominal pain (12.6%), constipation (8.0%), diarrhea (10.3%), skin rashes (5.7%), loss of appetite (4.6%), dizziness (6.9%), tiredness (6.9%) and confusion (5.7%). The knowledge of patients regarding therapy was compared before and after counseling that shows increased awareness in patients after counseling the patients. Before counseling average knowledge of patients was 27.5% that increased to 50.3% after counseling. After analyzing the results, it is concluded that pharmacist counseling and providing education to patients can significantly decrease the ADRs and increase the compliance of drugs that will ultimately enhance patients' quality of life. It was recommended that the hospital should appoint the pharmacist, especially a clinical pharmacist, and Hospital administration should arrange the programs for the awareness of patients on appropriate uses of drugs and their side effects.

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