scholarly journals Effect of High-Pressure Processing (HPP) on composition, lactose and microstructure of goat milk

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
S.M. Mustapa Kamal ◽  
A. Sulaiman ◽  
N.A. Md. Hazmi

Thermal pasteurisation is an established method for milk processing. However, the high temperature could affect the micronutrients in the milk. High pressure processing (HPP) is a cold alternative to thermal pasteurisation that can maintain the fresh-like properties of liquid food. However, employing pressure could potentially affect the composition and microstructure of milk and milk products. Therefore, this study focusses on evaluating the effect of high pressure processing (HPP) towards the composition, lactose content and microstructure (in term of fat globules) of goat milk. The goat milk was subjected to HPP at a pressure range of 200 to 600 MPa and process holding time at 5 - 15 mins. There were insignificant differences in terms of fat, protein and carbohydrate, but significant changes observed for lactose content of pressurised goat milk (PGM). The lactose content of PGM was in the range of (2.540 – 2.986 g/mL), while 1.253±0.01 g/100 mL for untreated goat milk (UGM). A higher number of the small size of goat milk fat globules observed at 600 MPa compared to lower processing pressure (200 and 400 MPa) at the same pressure holding time (5 to 15 mins). The mean diameters of fat globules were in the range of 5.215 to 5.651 μm. This size reduction of milk fat globules is an advantage for cheese making or other dairy product making industries, because it can help to possess a smoother and more refined texture of milk products.

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 104898
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kiełczewska ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroziak ◽  
Dorota Krzykowska ◽  
Marek Aljewicz

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-217
Author(s):  
Michele Manoni ◽  
Donata Cattaneo ◽  
Sharon Mazzoleni ◽  
Carlotta Giromini ◽  
Antonella Baldi ◽  
...  

Milk lipids are composed of milk fat globules (MFGs) surrounded by the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). MFGM protects MFGs from coalescence and enzymatic degradation. The milk lipid fraction is a “natural solvent” for macronutrients such as phospholipids, proteins and cholesterol, and micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. The research focused largely on the polar lipids of MFGM, given their wide bioactive properties. In this review we discussed (i) the composition of MFGM proteome and its variations among species and phases of lactation and (ii) the micronutrient content of human and cow’s milk lipid fraction. The major MFGM proteins are shared among species, but the molecular function and protein expression of MFGM proteins vary among species and phases of lactation. The main minerals in the milk lipid fraction are iron, zinc, copper and calcium, whereas the major vitamins are vitamin A, β-carotene, riboflavin and α-tocopherol. The update and the combination of this knowledge could lead to the exploitation of the MFGM proteome and the milk lipid fraction at nutritional, biological or technological levels. An example is the design of innovative and value-added products, such as MFGM-supplemented infant formulas.


LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111659
Author(s):  
Naiyan Lu ◽  
Jiyue Wang ◽  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
О.Н. Комарова

Смеси на основе белков козьего молока для вскармливания детей первого года жизни применяются с 1980-х гг. Новое поколение детских смесей производится с использованием цельного козьего молока, в которых поддерживается естественное соотношение сывороточного белка к казеину – 20:80, сохранен молочный жир и углеводный компонент, что позволяет транслировать преимущества козьего молока на состав адаптированной смеси для приближения к составу грудного молока. Белок и молочный жир, полученные из цельного козьего молока, обладают высокой усвояемостью вследствие особенностей строения и состава: белок с низким αs1-казеином образует мягкий сгусток в желудке, что способствует легкому его перевариванию, а жировые глобулы козьего молока имеют меньшие размеры и большую площадь поверхности, сравнимую с грудным молоком. Молочный жир козьего молока в смеси является источником основных донаторов энергии – жирных кислот с короткой и средней длиной углеродной цепи, β-кетокислот, а также пальмитиновой кислоты в sn-2-положении в молекуле глицерола. В составе смеси в процессе производства сохраняются мембраны жировых глобул козьего молока. Их компоненты обладают разнообразными физиологическими функциями. Белки мембран жировых глобул козьего молока способствуют развитию микробиоты кишечника, иммунных функций, обладают антимикробным и противовирусным действием. Липиды мембран жировых глобул козьего молока улучшают барьерные функции кишечного эпителия, поддерживают его структурную целостность, а также участвуют в построении мембран клеток слизистой оболочки желудочно-кишечного тракта и быстроразвивающейся нервной ткани ребенка. В цельном козьем молоке присутствуют олигосахариды в меньшем количестве и разнообразии по сравнению с грудным молоком, что диктует необходимость дополнения детской смеси олигосахаридами или пребиотиками, повторяющими функции олигосахаридов грудного молока. Доказательства безопасности и клинической эффективности применения смесей на основе цельного козьего молока в обеспечении правильного роста и развития детей первых месяцев жизни представлены в клинических исследованиях. Goat milk protein-based formulas for feeding babies of the first year of life have been used since the 80s of the last century. A new generation of infant formula is made using whole goat milk, in which the natural ratio of whey protein: casein is maintained at 20:80, milk fat and carbohydrate components are preserved, which allows translating the benefits of goat milk into an adapted formula to approximate the composition of breast milk (BM). Protein and milk fat obtained from whole goat milk are highly digestible due to the structural and compositional characteristics: protein with low αs1-casein forms a soft clot in the stomach, which facilitates its easy digestion, and the fat globules of goat milk are smaller and larger surface area comparable to BM. Goat milk fat in the formula is the source of the main donor energy – fatty acids with a short and medium carbon chain length, β-keto acids, and palmitic acid in the sn-2-position in the glycerol molecule. In the composition of the formula during the production process, the goat's milk fat globules membranes (MFGM) are preserved. The components of MFGM have different physiological functions. MFGM proteins contribute to the development of intestinal microbiota, immune functions, have antimicrobial and antiviral effects. Lipids MFGM improve the barrier functions of the intestinal epithelium, maintain its structural integrity, and also participate in the construction of cell membranes of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and the rapidly developing nervous tissue of the child. In whole goat milk, oligosaccharides (OS) are present in a smaller amount and variety in comparison with BM, which dictates the need to supplement the infant formula with OS or prebiotics that repeat the functions of BM OG. Clinical studies have shown evidence of the safety and clinical efficacy of using whole goat milk formulas in promoting the proper growth and development of infants in their first months of life.


Author(s):  
Nurcan Koca ◽  
Raghu Ramaswamy ◽  
W.M. Balasubramaniam ◽  
W. James Harper

Turkish white cheeses after brine salting were subjected to high pressure processing (HPP) at 50, 100, 200 and 400 MPa for 5 and 15 min and the samples pressurized for 15 min were ripened in brine for 60 days. The effects of HPP on the salt distribution in external, middle and internal zones of cheese after pressurization and on the salt uptake of whole cheese block during ripening were investigated. HPP did not change the values of moisture, salt and salt in moisture in different zones of cheese. Furthermore, pressure holding time had no effect on salt distribution in cheese. The salt contents of un-pressurized and pressurized cheese samples were equilibrated on the 14th day of ripening, and then stabilized, with no high pressure effect. As a result, HPP at pressures up to 400 MPa did not significantly affect neither salt distribution after high pressure processing nor salt uptake during ripening. However, a slight increase in moisture at the pressures of 200-400 MPa on the 60th day of ripening, which was not significant, might warn further increases in moisture of white cheese for longer ripening periods than 60 days. Higher pressure applications may alter all those values in white cheese because of textural changes.


2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Berton ◽  
Corinne Sebban-Kreuzer ◽  
Stéphanie Rouvellac ◽  
Christelle Lopez ◽  
Isabelle Crenon

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 144-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Chiaradia ◽  
Andrea Valiani ◽  
Micaela Tartaglia ◽  
Fausto Scoppetta ◽  
Giovanni Renzone ◽  
...  

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