scholarly journals The New Game with the Old Rules: Boundary Determination Under MMP

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Graham Beever
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
The Political ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Boundary Determination ◽  
New System

In 1996, New Zealand experienced its first election under MMP, a system of proportional representation. MMP had been recommended ten years earlier by the Royal Commission on the Electoral System. However, some of the details surrounding the operation of the new system differ significantly from the original recommendations of the Royal Commission.In relation to the determination of electoral boundaries, an issue of considerable importance under the previous First Past the Post system but of diminished significance under MMP, there are two particularly important differences. One of these is the retention of two political representatives on the Representation Commission, the body responsible for determining electoral boundaries. The other is the retention of the electoral tolerance at the relatively low level of five percent. The electoral tolerance is the quantity that determines the acceptable variation in population between electorates.The paper concludes that the political representatives should be removed from the Representation Commission, and that the tolerance should be raised to ten percent, as originally envisaged by the Royal Commission. The entrenched status of these provisions makes reform especially challenging. However, there is evidence to suggest, at least in relation to the tolerance level, that cross-party consensus may be able to be achieved.

WESTERN NOMADIC DISCOURSE AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE OTHER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Brahim BOUKHALFA
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

The yearning for a journey towards the places of strangers, the longing to mingle with them and immerse themselves in their lives, and to record everything that is strange and wondrous about their lifestyle, their ways of thinking, their customs and traditions, that is the nature that characterizes man, since ancient times. The lives of the prophets, may blessings and peace be upon them, were frenetic migrations, and a constant movement, length and breadth, in search of a place of intimacy, a comfortable life, and a bright truth. Western poets, writers, philosophers and travelers have also been fond of the journey to the Naked and Islamic East, from the Middle Ages to the present day; The desire to get to know the Easterners closely, to mix with them, and then to dominate them, was evident in the so-called travel literature. It is the writing emanating from the experiences of travelers in the eastern "One Thousand and One Nights". However, these travelers have always hidden the true intentions that drove them on the journey, which, as we will present in the body of this study, are colonial motives deposited in the political consciousness of Western governments that stand behind the colonial phenomenon. It is from this perspective in the research that urgent questions come to the surface, which we are trying to answer. What are the real motives for the trip for Western writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? What is their relationship with the Western governments that were colonizing large areas of the Arab countries? What are the representations of Arabs and Muslims in so-called travel literature? The answer to these questions is to reveal to us the colonial nature of the modern West, and the extent of its contempt for non-Westerners, which is supported by myths of racial superiority and self-centeredness in that. It is a belief that has not been affected by the tremendous development in the field of human sciences that our time has witnesse

scholarly journals Protesty głodowe jako taktyka walki bez przemocy

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Paulina Codogni
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Matter

The article discusses the phenomenon of hunger strikes which are considered to be an example of strategies and tactics of nonviolent struggle. The resistance is based on a conscious refusal to eat food which causes the political matter against which the protest is directed to become an existential matter. Everyday actions, such as eating, take on a different meaning. The same happens with the meaning of the act of political contestation. On the one hand what can be seen is the embodiment of politics and on the other the politicization of the body. The article also showcases a number of historical and contemporary examples of hunger strikes and tries to find the answer whether hunger strikes are an effective method of political resistance.

XXI. Description of a hydropneumatic baroscope

1839 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 425-431
Keyword(s):  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Floating Body ◽  
Convex Side ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increased Pressure ◽  
Brass Wire

The principle on which the instrument I am about to describe is constructed, is, that the volume of a given quantity of air under a constant temperature, is inversely as the pressure to which it is subjected ; and the means I employ to estimate the change of volume which that quantity of air undergoes, by being subjected to differences of pressure caused by a change of elevation, are the determination of the difference of weight which a floating body is capable of sustaining in both situations. Thus, if a vessel containing a quantity of air and water be floated in water, and there be a com­munication between the water in the floating body and that in which it floats, it will follow, that when such an apparatus is subjected to diminished pressure, the air within the float will dilate, and cause a volume of water equal in amount to the dilatation of the air to be driven from the float; and the difference of weight which the floating body will sustain, will be the exact weight of the water expelled : if such an appa­ratus is subjected to an increased pressure, the air within it will contract, and consequently a quantity of water, from that in which it floats, will enter the float, and the diminished weight it is capable of sustaining will be the weight of the water which has entered the float, in consequence of the diminution of the volume of the air. It is by such means, with the instrument immediately to be described, and by the help of a very simple calculation, that I propose to determine the difference of level between any two places. Plate X. fig. 1. represents the floating part, made of thin sheet brass, the body of which ( a ), in form the frustum of a cone, is nine inches long, two inches in dia­meter at one end, and one inch at the other, and capable of containing about fourteen cubic inches. In the centre of the widest end, a small stud of brass ( b ) is hard sol­dered, into which a brass wire ( c ) is screwed, an inch and three-eighths long, and about one twenty-fifth or one thirtieth of an inch in diameter : the other end of the wire is screwed into a brass stud in the middle of the convex side of a shallow cup ( d ), made also of brass, and as light as possible, so that it will retain its shape, and be capable of sustaining a weight of about eight hundred or one thousand grains.

Descartes: Body and Soul

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Remnant
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Motive Force ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
Full Version ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
New System

There is an account of the soul's capacity to activate its body which is frequently attributed to Descartes and, so far as I know, has only once been said not to represent his opinion on this topic. I shall refer to it with, I hope, pardonable exaggeration as the standard account. The earliest attributions to Descartes of the standard account, which I have been able to discover, are in various writings by Leibniz; there is a rather full version in his “Explanation of the New System of the Communication of Substances” (1696):You know that M. Descartes believed that the same quantity of motion is conserved in bodies …. Even so, the changes which take place in the body as a consequence of the modifications of the soul caused him embarrassment, because they seemed to violate this law. He thought therefore that he had found a way out of the difficulty, which is certainly ingenious, by saying that we must distinguish between motion and direction of motion; and that the soul cannot increase or diminish the motive force, but that it changes the direction or determination of the course of the animal spirits, and it is in this way that voluntary motions take place.

Determination of the milk yield of sows and correction for loss of weight due to metabolic processes of piglets during suckling

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Van Spaendonck ◽  
F. X. Vanschoubroek
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYIn determining the milk yield of the sow by weighing the litter before and after suckling, loss of weight due to metabolic processes must be considered.An experiment is described to investigate the loss of weight of piglets caused by metabolic processes between two consecutive weighings, and to investigate the relationship between this loss on the one hand and the body weight and the age of the piglets on the other. Weight changes of 15 litters of average 9·8 piglets were studied during 66 weighing periods of 16 minutes, by putting the pigs in a cage, fixed on a differential balance. Each weighing period consisted of 8 periods of 2 minutes, so that in all, loss of weight was studied during 528 2-minute periods.

The Origins of the Politics of the Parliamentary Middle Group, 1625–1629

1972 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Middle Group ◽  
The One

Only twice in the early seventeenth century, in 1624 and 1640, was the ‘political nation’ in England united. On both occasions, the determination of policy was surrendered by an unwilling king and the assistance of Parliamentary leaders sought. Both led to war and a sharpening of domestic political conflict. But such similarities were no more than superficial. The war which was envisaged in 1624 was foreign and external; the one which ensued in 1642 was civil and internal. In 1624, the co-operation of the Parliamentary leaders was freely solicited; in 1640, there was no alternative. The initiative which lay with Prince Charles and the Duke of Buckingham at the earlier date was in the hands of the Earl of Bedford, Pym and St John in November 1640. One was a prelude to the period of ‘Personal Government’, the other, ultimately, to that of the Commonwealth and Protectorate.

scholarly journals Penerapan Parliamentary Threshold pada Pemilihan Umum 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-374
Author(s):  
Nur’Ayni Itasari
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Threshold Mechanism

Abstract: The selection process through the  (general) election mechanism can be identified with the electoral system ever implemented in the Islamic government. First, the electoral system of ahl al-hall wa al-'aqd which was carried out by the trust and allegiance. Second, the electoral system of ahl al-hall wa al-'aqd which was done through the periodic election, selection in society, and by the head of state. Parliamentary Threshold (PT) is a threshold mechanism in place at legislative elections (for parliament) with a percentage of 2.5% for the political parties which contested the election to follow the counting in the determination of the House of Representative’s seats. Parliamentary Threshold, according to Law No. 10 year 2008, article 202, paragraph 1 (regarding the election of members of DPR, DPD and DPRD) in the 2009 election, was implemented by calculating the minimum total of 2.5% of the valid votes in the national political party contestants. Then those parties were listed, which ones were the Parliamentary Threshold and which ones were not the Parliamentary Threshold to determine BPP to calculate the DPR’s seats for the electoral party  contestants that had passed the threshold.Keywords: Parliamentary threshold, general election, democracy, and constitution

Allegory vs Metaphor: Conceptualizing French Kingdom in the 14th — 15th Centuries

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8 (106)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Pavel Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
Political Body ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

The article deals with the strategies used by French medieval authors of the 14th — 15th centuries to comprehend the state and society with the help of cognitive tools like metaphor and allegory. Writers and poets of that period, such as Nicolas Oresme, Eustache Deschamps, Jean Gerson, Christina de Pisan and others, use the same expressive means in their works, but the means themselves can be expressions of different, even opposite ideas. The article considers the metaphor of the political body and the allegorical figure of France, which French thinkers most frequently resorted to. The metaphor of the body expresses the idea of the integrity of the state, the harmonious combination and functionality of all parts of society, thus helping to form a political and philosophical doctrine of the state structure. Allegory, on the other hand, as a certain personification of this body, outlines the state as a female figure, becoming the archetypal “damsel in distress” in order to form an identity and loyal feelings in the reader. Thus, this or that trope dictated the model for describing the state, and vice versa-the choice of this or that trope signified the desire to convey certain ideas to potential recipients.

scholarly journals Semiotics Study Of The 2019 Jawa Pos Political Cartoon

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
I Wayan Nuriarta ◽  
Ni Wayan Masyuni Sujayanthi
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Drawing Room ◽  
Analyze Data

The general purpose of this study is to increase knowledge in the form of academic studies of the 2019 Jawa Pos newspaper political cartoon, and its specific purpose is to describe the denotation, connotation, myth and visual ideology of the Sunday edition of the Jawa Pos newspaper political cartoon in the sketch rubric. This study used a qualitative design. Everything related to the 2019 Jawa Pos newspaper political cartoon will be described qualitatively. The qualitative step taken was to collect, filter and analyze data to produce descriptive data in the form of words and notes related to its meaning. The research sample is the political cartoon of the January 13 and March 10 2019 edition of the Jawa Pos Newspaper. The results showed that visually, politicians occupy the top position in the drawing room. The size of the depiction was made much larger than that of the other public figures. Meanwhile, voter community figures were depicted as occupying a space position at the bottom. The depiction only showed half of the body, namely from the head to the waist. The meaning that is born from each image is determined in part by the meanings of other texts which appear to be the same. This is what is called intertextuality. Cartoonists and readers have carefully gathered various texts on politicians and voters to see the power of ideology with the intertextuality of various other texts / images. 

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