scholarly journals Parametric Thinking in Form-Based Code Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyi Zhang ◽  
Marc Aurel Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
High Density ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Scenario Evaluation ◽  
Software Interfaces ◽  
The Usa

The concept of Form-Based Code is of central importance in American New Urbanism. There is an increasing concern on Form-Based Code’s components and adoptions in cities and countries in the USA. This paper aims to extend Form-Based Code’s study to high-density cities of Asia. It explores the methodology of embedding parametric thinking into the multi-scenario evaluation of Form-Based Code. The methodology framework is developed by taking advantage of parametric modelling instruments which visualizes the coding procedure on software interfaces. Using Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong as the experimental site, the paper concludes with a parametric evaluation system towards a walkable and accessible environment in the volumetric urban morphology of high-density cities.

scholarly journals Parametric Thinking in Form-Based Code Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyi Zhang ◽  
Marc Aurel Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
High Density ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Scenario Evaluation ◽  
Software Interfaces ◽  
The Usa

The concept of Form-Based Code is of central importance in American New Urbanism. There is an increasing concern on Form-Based Code’s components and adoptions in cities and countries in the USA. This paper aims to extend Form-Based Code’s study to high-density cities of Asia. It explores the methodology of embedding parametric thinking into the multi-scenario evaluation of Form-Based Code. The methodology framework is developed by taking advantage of parametric modelling instruments which visualizes the coding procedure on software interfaces. Using Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong as the experimental site, the paper concludes with a parametric evaluation system towards a walkable and accessible environment in the volumetric urban morphology of high-density cities.

scholarly journals Parametric Thinking in Form-Based Code Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Yingyi Zhang ◽  
Marc Aurel Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
High Density ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Scenario Evaluation ◽  
Software Interfaces ◽  
The Usa

The concept of Form-Based Code is of central importance in American New Urbanism. There is an increasing concern on Form-Based Code’s components and adoptions in cities and countries in the USA. This paper aims to extend Form-Based Code’s study to high-density cities of Asia. It explores the methodology of embedding parametric thinking into the multi-scenario evaluation of Form-Based Code. The methodology framework is developed by taking advantage of parametric modelling instruments which visualizes the coding procedure on software interfaces. Using Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong as the experimental site, the paper concludes with a parametric evaluation system towards a walkable and accessible environment in the volumetric urban morphology of high-density cities.

A cradle-to-cradle analysis in the toner cartridge supply chain using fuzzy recycling production approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Wei Lin ◽  
Shiou-Yun Jeng ◽  
Ming-Lang Tseng ◽  
Raymond Tan
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cradle To Cradle

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated approach for a green product cradle-to-cradle (C2C) fuzzy recycling production planning model. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies the failure mode and effects analysis technique and Taguchi experimental design method, develops a green product C2C performance evaluation system that considers the fuzzy impacts of environmental laws and regulations, green goodwill, and environmental efficiency of targeting countries, and decides both the optimal green production plan and estimated optimal life cycles. Findings This study compares the different degree of maturity in environmental regulations, and various recycling situations are simulated to demonstrate the successful applicability of the proposed model as well as the incentive policy for Taiwan, the USA and Bangladesh. Originality/value Previous studies failed both to develop a holistic recycling production plan which is able to consider both the optimal combination of recycled components used and final green products produced with the maximum total resultant sales profit and to consider the potential failure phenomenon of recycled components adopted in the final product. Furthermore, most prior studies ignored the influence of environmental law, goodwill of the product and the efficiency of recycling mechanism of the community.

scholarly journals Enhancing Form-Based Code: A parametric approach to urban volumetric morphology in high density cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yingyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Density ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Urban Regulation ◽  
Modelling System

<p>Parametric tools have been broadly implemented in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Recently, an increasing volume of research finds that parametric tools also have the capability to facilitate large-scale planning and urban design. Much of this research, however, focuses on parametric representation or environment simulation. There is insufficient research about using parametric tools to enhance urban regulation. Parametric tools can provide smart design procedures by integrating strategies, solutions and expressions in one system. They may allow alternative approaches to urban regulation that conventional tools do not process.  This research aims to create a parametric modelling system to aid urban regulation. The system offers a visualised coding interface to manipulate parameters and achieve interactive performance feedback at the early stage of urban regulation. Form-Based Code uses the modelling system in this research. It generates a specific morphology by controlling physical form with less focus on land use. With the rise of New Urbanism, Form-Based Code has been used in various American regulation projects. This research extends the application of Form-Based Code, adopting it for urban-peripheral environments outside of the USA. High-density cities where provide the volumetric morphology context is important for this work. Tsim Sha Tsui area of Hong Kong works as an experimental site.  The feasibility of parametric urban regulation is examined by developing a parametric modelling system for Form-Based Code in Hong Kong. Understanding the site’s form characteristics, the transect matrix of Form-Based Code is expanded by incorporating multi-layered zone types and regulating plans. Embedding the zones into parametric modelling software Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper 3D, a regenerative prototype works to create real-time scenarios responding to parameters, rules and geometry constraints. The results of parametric urban regulation are evaluated by both Form-Based Code standards and local urban regulation standards to assess its feasibility in context.  This research demonstrates that the parametric modelling system for Form-Based Code has both technological and implemental potential to work as an alternative approach to urban regulation, especially in complex developments. Form complexity is a reflection of sophisticated human-society systems and the sequential evolution of a dynamic morphology. Form-Based Code is enhanced by the parametric modelling system to describe and regulate form complexity in a logical manner. Additionally, although parametric Form-Based Code processing is based on the original Form-Based Code, it is not limited to that. Describing urban regulation with visualised models bridges specialists and the public in community demonstrations and code assembling. The parametric modelling system has a positive impact on resolving challenges, predicting outcomes, and applying urban regulation innovation to the volumetric morphology of high-density cities in Asia.</p>

Brunner, Emil (1889–1966)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Loup Seban
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theological Anthropology ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Human Essence ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Usa ◽  
University Of Zurich ◽  
The University

Emil Brunner was one of the most influential Protestant theologians of the twentieth century. He was a minister of the Swiss Reformed Church, a professor at the University of Zurich, and held distinguished lectureships in England, the USA and Japan. He joined the ‘dialectical school’ early in his career, but tried to rehabilitate natural theology, which led to a rift with Barth. His works were widely read and often served as basic texts in Reformed and Presbyterian seminaries. He rejected the historicist reduction of Christ to a wise teacher figure that was characteristic of neo-Protestantism. He was also critical of modern philosophical anthropologies – as propounded by Marx or Nietzsche, for example – because he felt that they reduced human essence to a single dimension. Only theological anthropology can fully interpret human essence; and of central importance here is the ‘I–Thou encounter’, whereby the fulfilment of the human ‘I’ is achieved through a relationship with the divine ‘Thou’. Brunner also unfolded an original view on the relation of theology to philosophy. Reason, he argued, is essential for the elucidation and communication of faith. Philosophy, in so far as it indicates the limitations of reason, can serve to prepare us for the revelation of the Absolute.

Effect of pre-drilling, loading rate and temperature variation on the behavior of railroad spikes used for high-density-polyethylene crossties

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Lotfy ◽  
Maen Farhat ◽  
Mohsen A Issa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Static Testing ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Track System ◽  
The Usa

Railroad spikes represent a vital component of the rail track system, as they fasten the rail to the supporting crossties. Thus, it is important to understand its behavior and effect on the fastening assembly to mitigate any local failure, which, in turn, could lead to system deterioration or damage. Currently, alternative solutions to the traditional hardwood timber crossties are increasing being adopted by the railroad industry in the USA, with recycled plastic composite crossties being among the available alternatives. Their sustainably, environmental benefits, durability and ease of installation render them an attractive and competitive solution. Several research programs have studied this material and its fastening system in the past; however, additional research is required to fully understand the behavior of these materials and their interactions with the fastening system components. This paper presents an investigation that aims to understand and assess the performance of typical railroad spikes used for recycled high-density-polyethylene crossties. The study encompassed a comprehensive experimental investigation and analytical finite element modeling. The testing program evaluated railroad spikes using static testing methods recommended by the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA) manual. These tests addressed the rail spike pullout and lateral restraint for both screw and cut spikes. Finite element models were constructed and calibrated using the data obtained from the experimental program in order to extrapolate on the experimental results and predict the behavior of full-scale systems beyond the scale of the laboratory. The results observed in this study showed great promise, surpassing all the AREMA recommendations, which highlights the potential of these materials if properly optimized and engineered. Screw spikes exhibited a very good performance, surpassing the minimum recommendations by a significant margin (up to more than 200%) and are thus are highly recommended for future implementation.

DEVELOPMENTS IN HIGH DENSITY CHERRIES IN THE USA

2005 ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Long ◽  
T. Facteau ◽  
R. Nuñez-Elisea ◽  
H. Cahn
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals A Use of Form-Based Code for Volumetric Morphology of High-density Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhang ◽  
Marc Aurel Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Regulation Method ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Experimental Use ◽  
Parametric Regulation

© 2018 IEEE. This paper presents the experimental use of Form-Based Code (FBC), an alternative approach to urban planning and regulation, for volumetric morphology towards more flexible and predictable development in high-density cities. Quantitative analysis of the Tsim Sha Tsui (TST) area of Hong Kong results in a workflow for using FBC in high-density contexts; combining transect matrix redefining, the integration of multiple variables, and parametric modelling. Findings indicate that a newly-defined transect matrix with multifarious types and subtypes enables the extension of the FBC study to encompass high-density conditions. Secondly, that FBC has the capacity for the assembly of multi-level regulations more suitable for volumetric urban forms. Thirdly, that the parametric regulation method of FBC can visualize and enumerate scenarios that conventional paper-based regulation cannot. The findings also suggest increasing the awareness of urban forms, rather than rigid land-use concerns, can be a critical influence when designers are pursuing sustainable communities within crowded contexts.

scholarly journals Morphological analysis: to evaluate the pattern of Residential building based on wind performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wowo Ding ◽  
Yihui Yang ◽  
Wei You ◽  
Yunlong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
High Density ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Yihui Yang, Wei You, Yunlong Peng, Wowo Ding*, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, No.22 Hankou Rd, Jiangsu 210093, P.R.China. E-mail:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],Phone number:15850561165, 13852293251, +86 25 83593020, Keyword: Residential plot, Apartment pattern, performance evaluation, wind environment Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology     Residential morphological patterns are reflection of people's living habits and tradition, local climate and building regulations, so that one of those factors could be studied through in order to understand residential morphological patterns. Based upon our previous study, we do know that in China living habits and local climate mainly influence the shape of residential buildings and apartment patterns, but we do not know whether the pattern of residential plots determined by FAR and sunshine hours are suitable for wind environment related to residential environmental quality. Therefore, it is very significant to evaluate wind environment within residential plots based on the apartment pattern controlled by various building codes. Our study focuses on the pattern of Slab apartments in Nanjing, which are mainly used in China, and selects 40 residential slices with different plot shapes, plot FAR, building heights and sizes. Based upon MATLAB, we have got all geometrical data between buildings among these slices to identify the spatial pattern character of each residential plot. Through evaluating wind environment of these slices by simulation we can obtain wind speed, pressure and age of air and choose the pattern of age of air as the main evaluation factor of wind performance. Correlation analysis will be made between the apartment patterns and pattern of age of air, by doing so, each typical space between buildings will be evaluated. Our study will reveal the relevance of apartment pattern and wind environment, which can be used to support and improve design in the future.   References（95 words） Oke. T. R (1988) ‘Street Design and Urban Canopy Layer Climate’, Energy and Buildings11, 103-113. Wowo Ding, Youpei Hu, Pingping Dou (2012) ‘Study on Interrelationship between Urban Pattern and Urban Microclimate’, Architectural Journal 527, 16-21. Edward Ng, Chao Yuan, Liang Chen, Chao Ren, Jimmy C.H. Fung (2011) ‘Improving the wind environment in high-density cities by understanding urban morphology and surface roughness: A study in Hong Kong’, Landscape and Urban Planning101, 59-74. Youpei Hu (2014) ‘A Performance-Oriented Study on the Morphological Optimization in a High Density Area Concerning Urban Heat Island Effect’, Architectural Journal 557, 23-29.           *corresponding author

scholarly journals Research on Intelligent Evaluation System of Load-bearing Capacity of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridge

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 04056
Author(s):  
An Zhao ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Jianyong Song
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge

The intelligent evaluation system of existing reinforced concrete bridge “BLP” is a special software for the load-bearing capacity rapid analysis and evaluation of the existing reinforced concrete bridge, which was developed by the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport. Based on the parametric modelling method, it can quickly and easily establish the finite element plane model of the bridge structure for the static analysis of ultimate bearing capacity limit states and serviceability limit state, under variety norms. And it can easily and quickly build variable-section beams and rebars, with the special module. According to the comprehensive modification method of the load-bearing capacity evaluation, it can automatically recommend checking sections, and automatically calculate partial modification coefficient of resistance effect, and conveniently judge the safety coefficient of the sections, and quickly get the results of bridge load-bearing capacity. In summary, this system can significantly improve the work efficiency and accuracy of load-bearing capacity for exiting reinforced concrete bridge. This paper introduces in detail the characteristics of the intelligent analysis technology, calculation principle and real bridge application examples of the system.

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