scholarly journals The Digital Carpenter: An Exploration In Manufacturing Complex Timber Structures Through Digital Design Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Robotic Fabrication ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Potential Methods

<p><b>Using digital design and fabrication methods, can a bespoke visual timber spaceframe be feasibly constructed to allow greater choice in architectural freedom?</b></p> <p>At present, three-dimensional timber spaceframes are often not feasible as an architectural solution, as the end conditions are quite complex. The result of these complex situations is that they are not time or cost-effective when constructed by hand.</p> <p>Subsequently, architects and designers tend not to frequently use these trusses as an expressive structural member over steel and concrete alternatives.</p> <p>The fourth industrial revolution is making massive technological advancements in bringing together the digital realm and the physical. </p> <p>Architecture and the building industry as a whole are making steps towards harnessing some of these new technologies. However, there is far more that can be explored with what is already available. </p> <p>Robotic fabrication brings with it the ability to automate specific tasks with an incredibly high tolerance of precision, allowing for the potential methods of construction, craft, and customisation that have previously been difficult, slow, and ultimately not cost-effective enough to pursue.</p> <p>This thesis sets out on the premise that designing through DFMA (Design For Manufacturing and Assembly), the precision of robotic fabrication could be used to make these complex end conditions and assembly of these timber structures much faster, and therefore more feasible as an architectural solution.</p>

scholarly journals The Digital Carpenter: An Exploration In Manufacturing Complex Timber Structures Through Digital Design Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Robotic Fabrication ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Potential Methods

<p><b>Using digital design and fabrication methods, can a bespoke visual timber spaceframe be feasibly constructed to allow greater choice in architectural freedom?</b></p> <p>At present, three-dimensional timber spaceframes are often not feasible as an architectural solution, as the end conditions are quite complex. The result of these complex situations is that they are not time or cost-effective when constructed by hand.</p> <p>Subsequently, architects and designers tend not to frequently use these trusses as an expressive structural member over steel and concrete alternatives.</p> <p>The fourth industrial revolution is making massive technological advancements in bringing together the digital realm and the physical. </p> <p>Architecture and the building industry as a whole are making steps towards harnessing some of these new technologies. However, there is far more that can be explored with what is already available. </p> <p>Robotic fabrication brings with it the ability to automate specific tasks with an incredibly high tolerance of precision, allowing for the potential methods of construction, craft, and customisation that have previously been difficult, slow, and ultimately not cost-effective enough to pursue.</p> <p>This thesis sets out on the premise that designing through DFMA (Design For Manufacturing and Assembly), the precision of robotic fabrication could be used to make these complex end conditions and assembly of these timber structures much faster, and therefore more feasible as an architectural solution.</p>

Emerging Industrial Revolution: Symbiosis of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: The Role of Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Alfred Ngowi ◽  
Henk De Jager ◽  
Bankole O. Awuzie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Jobs

Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.

Molding of Three-Dimensional Microcomponents

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. P. Hung ◽  
M. M. Agnihotri ◽  
M. Y. Ali ◽  
S. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering

Traditional micromanufacturing has been developed for semiconductor industry. Selected micro electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) have been successfully developed and implemented in industry. Since current MEMS are designed for manufacture using microelectronics processes, they are limited to two-dimensional profiles and semiconductor based materials. Such shape and material constraints would exclude many applications that require biocompatibility, dynamic stress, and high ductility. New technologies are sought to fabricate three dimensional microcomponents using robust materials for demanding applications. To be cost effective, such microdevices must be economically mass producible. Molding is one of the promising replication techniques to mass produce components from polymers and polymer-based composites. This paper presents the development of a micromolding process to produce thermoplastic microcomponents. Mold design required precision fitting and was integrated with a vacuum pump to minimize air trap in mold cavities. Nickel and aluminum mold inserts were used for the study; their cavities were fabricated by combinations of available micromachining processes like laser micromachining, micromilling, micro electrical discharge machining, and focused ion beam sputtering. High and low density polyethylene, polystyrene polymers were used for this study. The effects of polymer molecular structures, molding temperature, time, and pressure on molding results were studied. Simulation of stress in the microcomponents, plastic flow in microchannels, and mold defects was performed and compare with experimental data. The research results showed that a microcomponent can be fabricated to the minimum size of 10 ± 1μm (0.0004 inch) with surface roughness &lt;10 nm Rt. Molding of micro-size geartrains and orthopedic meso-size fasteners was completed to illustrate the capability of this process.

scholarly journals UX in AR-Supported Industrial Human–Robot Collaborative Tasks: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10448
Author(s):  
Riccardo Karim Khamaisi ◽  
Elisa Prati ◽  
Margherita Peruzzini ◽  
Roberto Raffaeli ◽  
Marcello Pellicciari
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Collaborative Robotics ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Standardization Process

The fourth industrial revolution is promoting the Operator 4.0 paradigm, originating from a renovated attention towards human factors, growingly involved in the design of modern, human-centered processes. New technologies, such as augmented reality or collaborative robotics are thus increasingly studied and progressively applied to solve the modern operators’ needs. Human-centered design approaches can help to identify user’s needs and functional requirements, solving usability issues, or reducing cognitive or physical stress. The paper reviews the recent literature on augmented reality-supported collaborative robotics from a human-centered perspective. To this end, the study analyzed 21 papers selected after a quality assessment procedure and remarks the poor adoption of user-centered approaches and methodologies to drive the development of human-centered augmented reality applications to promote an efficient collaboration between humans and robots. To remedy this deficiency, the paper ultimately proposes a structured framework driven by User eXperience approaches to design augmented reality interfaces by encompassing previous research works. Future developments are discussed, stimulating fruitful reflections and a decisive standardization process.

scholarly journals Internal factors supporting business and technological transformation in the context of Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Kohnová ◽  
Ján Papula ◽  
Nikola Salajová
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Employee Education ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Culture Strategy ◽  
Technology Transformation ◽  
And Training

Radical changes resulting from the Fourth Industrial Revolution strongly affect industrialized European countries. In particular, due to the new technologies that are characteristic of Industry 4.0, it will be essential for companies to make the necessary changes and achieve competitiveness through the implementation of these technologies. In order for companies to be able to make radical changes and innovations, they need to secure all the supporting areas in their organization. This research paper is focused on comparison of companies from Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Germany and Switzerland in the context of readiness for Industry 4.0. This research was part of a research project, while data were collected in the period of 2015–2016. We have analysed companies from selected countries based on 7 areas which are closely interconnected with the business transformation and technology transformation coming from Industry 4.0. The main analysed questions focused on areas such as employee education and training, organizational culture, strategy, or organizational processes, that will be most affected by radical changes in the environment. Research has highlighted the differences between countries as a result of long-standing cultural differences, but at the same time identified the unified influence of the ongoing global debate on the need for technological innovation. With Slovak and Czech companies being below stronger innovators in the maturity of education systems, we strongly advise considering partnering in education which can bring valuable information to businesses that want to take on the wave of innovation.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: NEW CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Yulia Matyuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Robotics

The article analyzes the risks and new opportunities that arise before man and modern society in the light of the development of artificial intelligence and robotics in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution. The rapid development of AI indicates the absence of uniform approaches to assessing the risks and prospects associated with the use of AI. Using PESTEL analysis, the article examines the key areas of interaction between AI and humans, new challenges and prospects that open to humanity in the era of new technologies.

scholarly journals Stemtech model in education 4.0: Designing height measuring instruments in grade 10

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Huy Minh Lam ◽  
Hue Thi Dang ◽  
Tien Nhut Le ◽  
Ngan Tuyet Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
And Mathematics

With the development in the fourth industrial revolution, there have been urgent demands for new human resources in the world. The mission set for the education sector is to prepare students with skills and knowledge in line with global standards to keep up with the industrial age 4.0. Among the educational trends that serve the fourth industrial revolution, STEM education has been demonstrating its superiority through various studies. This study applies the STEMTech model, which connects the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics with a central technological factor, to create STEM products in the context of high schools in Vietnam recently. Firstly, the research trains students about STEM education, STEMTech model, and some new technologies; then divides the class into multiple groups of students to conduct a project based on STEMTech model; finally, surveys students. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate STEMTech model, whose results show that STEMTech model can engage students in learning, develop their creativity, and promote other competencies.

scholarly journals World Geopolitical Competition in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Blokhin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World

Article analyzes predictive estimates and concepts presented by the Western intellectual community, regarding prospects for development of new trends in the global economy, caused by the fourth industrial revolution. Author draws on a variety of sources, including reports from US think tanks, works by representatives of global financial and technocratic elite, and works by American intellectuals. Methodological basis of the study is a theory of the world system of I. Wallerstein, which allows to identify dynamic and conflicting lines of interaction between two geopolitical centers of the world - the United States and China. Based on an analysis of current trends, modern experts predict revolutionary changes in modern technologies that can decisively affect socio-political stability, not only in Western countries, but in developing countries as well. Author shows that the new technological structure is changing not only sector structure of the economy, but also has a strong impact on employment. According to American analysts, new technologies can destabilize socio-political stability in any country, especially in countries where cheap labor is a traditional tool. Robotization and automation of production can become a competitive advantage of the United States and Western countries in competition with China. Article notes that Russia is only at the very beginning of technological revolution, behind big five leading countries. Overcoming its lag in the field of AI and robotics requires adoption of comprehensive measures of economic, scientific and political nature. Ignoring realities of technological progress is fraught with increase in threats to national security.

scholarly journals Use of the Blue Ocean Strategy to obtain ports 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. e9466
Author(s):  
Noemí Ortiz-Rey ◽  
Nicoleta González-Cancelas ◽  
Beatriz Molina Serrano ◽  
Francisco Soler-Flores ◽  
Alberto Camarero-Orive
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Port System ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Smart Ports

The fourth industrial revolution is characterized by a high level of digitalization of systems and processes. This revolution has reached the Spanish ports. They have been investing for years in the implementation of new technologies, aimed at promoting sustainability and environmental quality, as well as seeking a more efficient and orderly logistics. Ports are moving towards their digital transformation, which is materialized in the well-known Ports 4.0. These intelligent ports, or Smart Ports, cover a multitude of aspects and variables. Automation, digitalization, technologies that allow interoperability, transparency, decentralization, and customer experience define the context of the application of the concept 'Ports 4.0' to the Spanish logistics-port sector. How to achieve a satisfactory digitization process that allows progress towards Port 4.0 in the Spanish port system is one of the questions being raised recently. The Spanish port world could be represented by a red ocean, since in a very generalist way it can be said that it is a marked described by a fierce competition lacking in differentiation. Therefore, with this proposal, the aim is to take the Spanish port system to a blue ocean, where a suitable strategy and innovation generate leaps in value that make competitors irrelevant because customers compare different products and services. To be able to respond to this, the Blue Ocean Strategy is planted, leaving aside the competition between ports and generating new demand. From the study carried out, it is concluded that Spanish ports still have a long way to go in terms of sustainability. It also concludes that a new management model would mean the innovation in value that is necessary for the process towards ports 4.0.

scholarly journals GAYA PENDIDIKAN 3D MODELLING (CAD/CAID) KE 3D PRINTING SEBAGAI LANGKAH DASAR DESAIN SESUAI REVOLUSI INDUSTRI KE EMPAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geggy Gamal Surya
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

Abstrak Pendidikan desain industri memerlukan tahapan-tahapan sesuai pada zamannya. Pembelajaran yang dibutuhkan harus sesuai tuntutan zaman yakni kemajuan teknologi yang berfungsi memudahkan dalam aspek penggunaan dan pembuatan dalam bidang desain industri. Desain industri memiliki tahapan dasar, yaitu ide, konsep, gambar sketsa, proyeksi tiga dimensi, pemodelan skala dan mockup atau prototipe. Dalam tiap tahapan tersebut, perkembangan yang mempunyai pengaruh besar adalah tahapan proyeksi tiga dimensi. Proyeksi tiga dimensi tidak hanya sekedar membuat model dan menciptakan hasil render, tapi sudah pada kepada hasil nyatanya yaitu masuk ke ranah 3D mockup/3D prototipe melalui 3D Printer yang disebut sebagai 3D Printing. Pentingnya pendidikan seperti Universitas, Sekolah Tinggi, Akademi maupun tempat-tempat kursus yang memiliki mata pembelajaran ini, wajib menyertakan pendidikan 3D Printing ke dalam mata pembelajaran/mata kuliah 3D Modelling (CAD/CAID). Memasuki era Revolusi Industri Keempat tentu memerlukan beberapa update pada masing-masing mata pembelajaran pada pendidikan desain industri, hal ini karena berkaitan dengan unsur teknologi dalam dunia desain industri yaitu mesin Printer 3D. Saat ini, sangat dibutuhkan lapangan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan operator mesin 3D Printer yang muncul dari lulusan-lulusan desain produk/desain industri. Operator yang dimaksud adalah lulusan yang menguasai software 3D Modelling. Lulusan tersebut harus dibubuhi ilmu dalam pengoperasian mesin 3D Printer yang berkaitan erat dengan CAD/CAID dalam diploma maupun Strata Satu. Sehingga dapat menciptakan lulusan yang berkompeten dan menjadi pekerja yang sangat dibutuhkan di perusahaan yang mengaplikasikan teknologi-teknologi Revolusi Industri Keempat. Kata kunci : 3D Modelling, 3D Printing, Desain Industri, Desain 3D   Abstract Industrial design education requires stages according the timeline of the era. The learning needed must be in accordance with the demands of the era, ie technological advancements that function to facilitate aspects of the use and manufacture in the field of industrial design. Industrial design has basic stages, ie ideas, concepts, sketch drawings, three dimensional projections, scale modeling and mockups or prototypes. In each of these stages, developments that have a large influence are the stages of three dimensional projection. The 3-dimensional projection is not just making a model and creating a rendering result, but it has turned to the real results of entering the 3D mockup / 3D prototype through 3D Printer which is called 3D Printing. The importance of education such as Universities, Colleges, Academies and course places that have this subject of study, must include 3D Printing education into the subject of learning / 3D Modeling (CAD / CAID) courses. Entering the fourth industrial revolution era certainly requires some updates on each subject of learning in industrial design education, this is because it is related to technological elements in the world of industrial design ie 3D Printing machine. At present, jobs are urgently needed that require 3D Printer machine operators to emerge from graduates of product design / industrial design. Approved operators are those who understand 3D Modeling software. These graduates must be knowledgeable in the operation of 3D Printer machines that are closely related to CAD / CAID in diploma or bachelor degree. So that it can create competent graduates who are needed workers in companies that apply fourth industrial revolution technologies. Keywords : 3D Modelling, 3D Printing, Industrial Design, 3D Design Keywords : 3D Modelling, 3D Printing, Industrial Design, 3D Design

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