scholarly journals Leadership Styles: A Comparative Analysis of PTD Officers and DG Officers in the Ministry of Education Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shahrizal Norwawi
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
Qualitative Part

<p>The purpose of this study is to explore the leadership styles of middle level managers working in the Ministry of Education Malaysia. The middle level managers in this research are restricted to those from the Administrative and Diplomatic Officers Scheme of service (PTD: Skim Pegawai Tadbir dan Diplomatik) and Education Officers Scheme of service (DG: Skim Pegawai Perkhidmatan Pendidikan Siswazah/Bukan Siswazah). Leadership style, in this study, is defined as the extent to which a leader exhibits transformational, transactional and/or laissez-faire styles of leadership. This study adopts a mixed methods approach in helping to elicit information pertaining to the leadership styles of the PTD and DG middle level managers. A Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) 5x rater form is used in the quantitative strand while the qualitative part of this study utilises a standardised open-ended interview approach. A total of 122 respondents working in ten departments in the Ministry of Education answered the questionnaire while eight middle level managers (four PTD and four DG middle level managers) were interviewed. The results of both of the quantitative and qualitative strands indicate that the PTD and DG middle level managers showed more transformational leadership styles as compared to transactional leadership styles. In addition, the t-test reveals that the two groups of middle level managers do not show any significant differences in terms of their leadership styles. The findings also indicate that there were no significant differences in the perceptions of the overall transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles of the PTD middle level managers as perceived by their subordinates from different schemes of service. However, the same could not be said of DG middle level managers as their overall transformational as well as laissez-faire leadership styles indicate significant differences as perceived by subordinates from different schemes of service. This study will benefit the Malaysian public sector in understanding the different styles of leadership among middle level managers working in government organization. More specifically, this study is useful for understanding the similarities and differences of leadership styles of the DG and PTD middle level managers working in the Ministry of Education Malaysia.</p>

scholarly journals Leadership Styles: A Comparative Analysis of PTD Officers and DG Officers in the Ministry of Education Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shahrizal Norwawi
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
Qualitative Part

<p>The purpose of this study is to explore the leadership styles of middle level managers working in the Ministry of Education Malaysia. The middle level managers in this research are restricted to those from the Administrative and Diplomatic Officers Scheme of service (PTD: Skim Pegawai Tadbir dan Diplomatik) and Education Officers Scheme of service (DG: Skim Pegawai Perkhidmatan Pendidikan Siswazah/Bukan Siswazah). Leadership style, in this study, is defined as the extent to which a leader exhibits transformational, transactional and/or laissez-faire styles of leadership. This study adopts a mixed methods approach in helping to elicit information pertaining to the leadership styles of the PTD and DG middle level managers. A Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) 5x rater form is used in the quantitative strand while the qualitative part of this study utilises a standardised open-ended interview approach. A total of 122 respondents working in ten departments in the Ministry of Education answered the questionnaire while eight middle level managers (four PTD and four DG middle level managers) were interviewed. The results of both of the quantitative and qualitative strands indicate that the PTD and DG middle level managers showed more transformational leadership styles as compared to transactional leadership styles. In addition, the t-test reveals that the two groups of middle level managers do not show any significant differences in terms of their leadership styles. The findings also indicate that there were no significant differences in the perceptions of the overall transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles of the PTD middle level managers as perceived by their subordinates from different schemes of service. However, the same could not be said of DG middle level managers as their overall transformational as well as laissez-faire leadership styles indicate significant differences as perceived by subordinates from different schemes of service. This study will benefit the Malaysian public sector in understanding the different styles of leadership among middle level managers working in government organization. More specifically, this study is useful for understanding the similarities and differences of leadership styles of the DG and PTD middle level managers working in the Ministry of Education Malaysia.</p>

scholarly journals Leadership style and job satisfaction: A developing economy perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevarathnam Parthasarathy Govender ◽  
Hari Lall Garbharran ◽  
Roland Loganathan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Transactional Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
The Relationship

Research has suggested a relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction. This paper examines this relationship in the context of a developing country, viz., South Africa. The objective of the paper is to assess the relationship between the two variables as well as the influence of biographical variables on leadership style and job satisfaction. The survey was based on the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The results suggest a significant correlation between the three leadership styles, viz., transformational leadership, transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership, and job satisfaction. There were no significant differences between the biographical variables and the three leadership styles.

scholarly journals PREDICTING LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158-1167
Author(s):  
Ivana Milinkovic ◽  
Ivana Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Management Positions ◽  
Achievement Motivation Inventory ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style

Purpose: The fields of motivation and leadership are very wide, and there is a large number of factors that mediate their relationships. The research aimed to examine is there a correlation between leaders’ achievement motivation and their leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and passive), and whether the achievement motive can be a predictor of leadership style. Methodology: Quantitative research was conducted in 4 companies from the territory of Serbia. Leaders and their subordinates completed two questionnaires, MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) and AMI (Achievement Motivation Inventory). The MLQ was used to measure transformational, transactional, and passive leadership style. AMI is a psychological test that was used to evaluate the expression of achievement motivation. Main Findings: The results showed that there is a correlation between achievement motivation and passive (r = -. 544; p <.01; N = 30), transactional (r = .381; p <.05; N = 30), and transformational leadership style (r = .412; p <.05; N = 30). Regression analysis determined the equations by which those leadership styles can be predicted based on achievement motivation. Applications: The possibility of predicting leadership styles can contribute to the process of selection of employees in companies, especially those who come directly to management positions, and employee development process. Novelty/Originality of this study: Assessing motivation for achievement as a personality trait among employees and predicting the type of leadership style based on that.

Diagnosis of Leadership Style of Mayors from the Wielkopolska Province – based on MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Springer ◽  
Arnold Bernaciak ◽  
Katarzyna Walkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

The variety of tasks carried out by mayors and presidents of cities was the reason to use the multidimensional concept of leadership developed by Avolio and Bass. The purpose of this article is firstly identification of the leadership styles used by mayors from Wielkopolska and secondly the examination of the relationship between used style and positives outcomes. The research sample included 61 mayors and presidents from the Wielkopolska Province. To identify the elements of leadership styles a multi‑factor leadership questionnaire (MLQ‑5X) was used. The first research hypothesis saying that mayors more often use transactional than transformational style was confirmed. At the same time, the second hypothesis about a stronger relationship between transformational style and positives outcomes was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Transformation Of Managerial Skills Of Engineers

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hercules Visser ◽  
Louis Naude ◽  
Johann Schepers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Bass And Avolio

This article argues that there is a difference in leadership styles between experienced and inexperienced engineers in South Africa. It was found that experienced engineers are more transformational and more transactional than inexperienced engineers. To demonstrate this in the study, the researcher uses the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) of Bass and Avolio (1995) to identify leadership style. The argument is substantiated by the results of a statistical analysis of leadership style administered to 85 experienced and inexperienced engineers in total. OpsommingHierdie artikel debateer die verskil in leierskapstyle tussen ervare en onervare ingenieurs in Suid-Afrika. Dit is bevind dat ervare ingenieurs meer transformasioneel en meer transaksioneel is wanneer vergelyk word met onervare ingenieurs. Om hierdie studie te demonstreer, het die navorser gebruik gemaak van die Multifaktor Leierskapvraelys (MLV) van Bass en Avolio (1995) om leierskapstyl te identifiseer Die argument word verder ondersteun deur die resultate van statistiese analise van leierskapstyl wat uitgevoer is op 85 deelnemers, beide van ervare en onervare ingenieurs in totaal.

scholarly journals The Behavioural And Personality Correlates Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Huysamen ◽  
J. M. Schepers ◽  
J. Zaaiman
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style ◽  
Transactional And Transformational Leadership

The article argues that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between leadership style and creativity. It was found that there is a higher statistically significant positive relation between transformational leadership style and creativity than between creativity and the other leadership styles. Creativity (fluency of thought and originality) can partially be accounted for by the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. To demonstrate this in the study, the researcher uses, firstly the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire to identify leadership style, and secondly three measuring instruments that measure creativity. The argument is substantiated by the results of a statistical analysis of leadership style and creativity. OpsommingHierdie artikel argumenteer dat daar ’n statisities-beduidende positiewe verband bestaan tussen leierskapstyl en kreatiwiteit. Daar is bevind dat daar ’n hoër statisties-beduidende positiewe verband tussen transformasionele leierskapstyl en kreatiwiteit is as tussen kreatiwiteit en die ander leierskapstyle. Kreatiwiteit (vlotheid van denke en oorspronklikheid) kan gedeeltelik verklaar word deur die Veelfaktorleierskapvraelys (MLQ). Om dit te illustreer, gebruik die navorsers in hierdie studie die Veelfaktorleierskapvraelys ten einde leierskapstyl te identifiseer en tweedens drie meetinstrumente wat kreatiwiteit meet. Die argument word gesubstansieer deur die resultate van ’n statistiese ontleding van leierskapstyle en kreatiwiteit.

scholarly journals Time perspective influence on management leadership styles and the mediating role of self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Gassemi ◽  
Julie Papastamatelou ◽  
Alexander Unger
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Transactional Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Balanced Time Perspective ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Transformational And Transactional Leadership

AbstractWe examined if time perspectives (TP) and the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP—cf. Stolarski et al. Time Soc 20(3):346–363, 2011) have an effect on four types of Leadership Styles. Based on previous studies it was observed, that Self-Efficacy (SE) is determined by time perspectives (Epel et al. J Appl Soc Psychol 29(3):575–596, 1999). In particular, the transformational and transactional leadership styles could depend on higher self-efficacy of managers. We additionally tested if general self-efficacy (GSE) mediates the influence of time perspectives and the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective on Leadership Styles. We recruited a sample of former MBA-students, who now work in the middle management of German companies. We used the zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI; Zimbardo and Boyd J Pers Soc Psychol 77(6):1271–1288, 1999), the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) by Felfe and Goihl (Deutsche überarbeitete und ergänzte Version des Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) [German revised and extended version of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ)], Zentrum für Umfragen Methoden und Analysen, Mannheim, 2002) and the general self-efficacy-scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (Generalized Self-Efficacy scale, Nfer-Nelson, Windsor, 1995). Past Positive orientation has no significant effect on any of the four leadership styles. The present hedonistic dimension enhances and the past negative orientation reduces the transformational leadership style. The present fatalistic orientation reduces the Transformational and transactional leadership styles, but enhances the laissez-faire leadership style. Moreover, future enhances the transformational and transactional leadership styles. DBTP reduces the transformational and transactional leadership styles. The mediator role of GSE was confirmed for the transformational and transactional leadership style. Managers’ time perspectives are important for implementing an efficient leadership style.

Implementing the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) in a challenging context

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-613
Author(s):  
Leentjie Van Jaarsveld ◽  
P.J. (Kobus) Mentz ◽  
Suria Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Principal Leadership ◽  
School Principals ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Principal Leadership Style

Purpose An emphasis on school performance is not just a national issue, but must be examined within the global context. Successful leadership is ensured by school leaders’ compliance to a set of basic practices within particular school contexts. The impact of leadership styles on performance, the work environment and job satisfaction is emphasized, while the appropriate leadership style could make teachers more effective in terms of job productivity. The adoption of different leadership styles by school leaders shows positive results with regard to school effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to describe school leadership styles and the influence the styles have on school performance. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach with a post-positive paradigm was followed. A systematic random sample of 72 secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was selected. The Cronbach’s α coefficient, statistical significance (p-values) and effect size (d-values) were calculated, and a factor analysis was conducted. Findings The results show a difference between teachers and principals regarding the transformational leadership style. The principals in the high-performing schools were perceived as less passive-avoidant in practice than those in the low-performing schools. A principal manages and leads a school effectively by applying an appropriate leadership style. Research limitations/implications For future research, it will be advisable to make use of a mixed-method design. Although the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire addressed numerous aspects of leadership and leadership styles, the “voice” of the respondents lacked. Furthermore, more leadership styles could be investigated in different contexts. Practical implications A chosen principal leadership style is not necessarily the best style for this purpose. School principals and teachers interpret leadership styles differently. Communication is therefore important. Social implications The principal leadership style is not always necessarily the teachers’ and learners’ choice. It is important that schools keep up with a constantly changing world. Originality/value If school principals and teachers agree upon a specific leadership style, there may be better collaboration which enhances better academic performance as well as effectiveness regarding schools.

scholarly journals Party members and leadership styles in new European democracies

2020 ◽  
pp. 136914812093986
Author(s):  
Sergiu Gherghina
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
The Media ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Perceptions Of Leadership

The external image of party leaders has often been analysed through their behaviour or reflection in the media. However, we know little about how party leaders are seen internally. This article addresses this gap in the literature and seeks to explain what determines the variation in party members’ perceptions of leadership styles. It builds on the transactional–transformational continuum and uses original survey data from a modified version of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The analysis includes 12 political parties with parliamentary representation from Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania between 2004 and 2018. The findings of the mixed-effects linear regression illustrate that in general older and active party members are more likely to see their leaders as transformational. The determinants of leadership style assessment differ greatly across political parties.

scholarly journals Employee Commitment Effect on Organizational Effectiveness: Malaysian Perspective on a Mediator Roles in Leadership Style

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Hanim Nadrah Wan Muda ◽  
Khairunesa Isa ◽  
Nurul Ain Othman ◽  
Asliaty Atim ◽  
Goh Khang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Transactional Leadership ◽  
Organizational Effectiveness ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Transformational And Transactional Leadership

Leadership style and employee commitment are important human resources in determining organizational performance. It is worth noting that these factors are closely interrelated. To elaborate, implementing a leadership style that caters to the needs of the employees can certainly influence employee commitment levels in an organization. This study aimed to examine the effects of transformational and transactional leadership styles, either as partial or full mediators, on employee commitment to organizational effectiveness. The study involved 130 randomly selected public service officers. Furthermore, three research instruments were used to aid this study, namely, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire to measure the respondents’ perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership styles, a three-component model of employee commitment to measure employee commitment, and the Index of Perceived Organizational Effectiveness to measure organizational effectiveness. To determine the effect of a mediator on employee commitment, three regression equations based on the Baron and Kenny model were run through multiple regression analyses. The findings demonstrated that transformational and transactional leadership styles have a partial mediator effect on employee commitment to organizational effectiveness. This study provides some insights into the importance of transformational leadership, especially into the dimension of individualized consideration and the influence of employee commitment on enhancing the effectiveness of an organization.

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