scholarly journals Elements of Surprise :  Industrial Designers’ Strategies  for Eliciting Surprise Through  Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edgar Raymundo Rodríguez Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Research Through Design ◽  
Design Students ◽  
Industrial Designers

<p>Fascinating designs can break our expectations and elicit a sense of surprise that first invokes our interest, increases the emotional intensity of an experience and may affect how we interact with our surroundings. Design researchers have identified the importance of surprise. Valuable studies have been carried out on the role of surprise as a design strategy (Ludden, Schifferstein, & Hekkert, 2008), on how appearance elicits emotions including surprise (Desmet, 2002; Desmet, Porcelijn, & van Dijk, 2005) and on the role of sensory incongruity in eliciting surprise (Ludden, 2008). Some characteristics of eliciting surprise can be beneficial to a product’s success. However, little research has been done into the strategies designers can use when attempting to elicit surprise through interaction, or how the experience of surprise affects how people interact with products. My research addresses two main questions. The first question is: how can designers attempt to elicit surprise through interaction? Through a set of 30 interviews worldwide, participatory research through design at design studios and collaboration with design students, I have developed a set of strategies that address this question. The strategies are the result of an analysis following a Postmodern Grounded Theory methodology, namely Situational Analysis (Clarke, 2003, 2005). My research suggests that design organisations address surprise in interaction according to their main concerns. While large design organisations reported little interest in eliciting surprise, design studios with specific characteristics constantly attempted to elicit surprise through their products. I suggest 22 strategies that designers can use when attempting to elicit surprise. The strategies are presented as cards for easy access by practicing designers and design students alike. The second question is, once surprise is elicited through interaction, how does the experience of surprise affect the way people interact with an object? I addressed this question through designing a number of products, testing them with people and assessing what different interactions resulted. My research suggests that through eliciting surprise, designers can support what people do, indicate unambiguously what ought to be done, subtly suggest what to do or attempt to persuade. The role of surprise varies for each of these intentions. Finally, my research suggests that surprise can be seen as a threat-detecting mechanism when trying to discourage people to engage in an activity; surprise can also be addressed as a sense-making process when attempting to persuade.</p>

scholarly journals Elements of Surprise :  Industrial Designers’ Strategies  for Eliciting Surprise Through  Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edgar Raymundo Rodríguez Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Research Through Design ◽  
Design Students ◽  
Industrial Designers

<p>Fascinating designs can break our expectations and elicit a sense of surprise that first invokes our interest, increases the emotional intensity of an experience and may affect how we interact with our surroundings. Design researchers have identified the importance of surprise. Valuable studies have been carried out on the role of surprise as a design strategy (Ludden, Schifferstein, & Hekkert, 2008), on how appearance elicits emotions including surprise (Desmet, 2002; Desmet, Porcelijn, & van Dijk, 2005) and on the role of sensory incongruity in eliciting surprise (Ludden, 2008). Some characteristics of eliciting surprise can be beneficial to a product’s success. However, little research has been done into the strategies designers can use when attempting to elicit surprise through interaction, or how the experience of surprise affects how people interact with products. My research addresses two main questions. The first question is: how can designers attempt to elicit surprise through interaction? Through a set of 30 interviews worldwide, participatory research through design at design studios and collaboration with design students, I have developed a set of strategies that address this question. The strategies are the result of an analysis following a Postmodern Grounded Theory methodology, namely Situational Analysis (Clarke, 2003, 2005). My research suggests that design organisations address surprise in interaction according to their main concerns. While large design organisations reported little interest in eliciting surprise, design studios with specific characteristics constantly attempted to elicit surprise through their products. I suggest 22 strategies that designers can use when attempting to elicit surprise. The strategies are presented as cards for easy access by practicing designers and design students alike. The second question is, once surprise is elicited through interaction, how does the experience of surprise affect the way people interact with an object? I addressed this question through designing a number of products, testing them with people and assessing what different interactions resulted. My research suggests that through eliciting surprise, designers can support what people do, indicate unambiguously what ought to be done, subtly suggest what to do or attempt to persuade. The role of surprise varies for each of these intentions. Finally, my research suggests that surprise can be seen as a threat-detecting mechanism when trying to discourage people to engage in an activity; surprise can also be addressed as a sense-making process when attempting to persuade.</p>

Talking, Reading, and Writing on Smartphones

2020 ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
Naomi S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Internet Protocols ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Voice Calls ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
Communication Preference

Mobile phones have increasingly been transformed from speaking technologies to devices for reading and writing. Cost helped drive this shift since written short messages were historically less expensive than voice calls. A second factor was communication preference for texting over talking, especially among younger users. With ready Internet access on smartphones, reading habits began shifting as well. Social networking messages, along with other short texts such as weather reports or news headlines, made for obvious reading material, as did the plethora of longer written documents available online. The e-book revolution enabled readers to retrieve entire books on their phones. Mobile phones are also writing platforms. Developments in hardware and software dramatically simplified the input process. Instead of multi-taps, users now rely on virtual keyboards for easy access not only to alphanumeric characters and punctuation marks but also to sophisticated predictive texting and autocorrection. Interestingly, while technically we are writing when inputting text on smartphones, many users do not perceive such input as real “writing”—a term they reserve for writing by hand or with a computer. Additional writing issues include norms regarding so-called textisms, along with the role of culture in shaping attitudes regarding linguistic correctness. Many organizations are discontinuing voicemail systems in favor of written messaging. At the same time, voice over Internet protocols continue to grow, and small voice-activated social robots designed for home use are proliferating. The chapter closes by asking what the spoken–written balance on smartphones might look like in the future.

Neuronal regulation of renal function: A model system for nervous system interactions

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Wyss
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Clinical Consequence ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Renal Nerve Activity

The kidney is the most highly innervated peripheral organ, and both the excretory and endocrine functions of the kidney are regulated by renal nerve activity. The kidney plays a dominant role in body fluid homeostasis, blood ionic concentration, and pH and thereby contributes importantly to systemic blood pressure control. Early studies suggested that the neural-renal interactions were responsible only for short-term adjustments in renal function, but more recent studies indicate that the renal nerves may be a major contributor to chronic renal defects leading to established hypertension and (or) renal disease. The neural-renal interaction is also of considerable interest as a model to elucidate the interplay between the nervous system and peripheral organs, since there is abundant anatomical and physiological information characterizing the renal nerves. The investigator has easy access to the renal nerves and the neural influence on renal function is directly quantifiable both in vivo and in vitro. In this symposium that was presented at the 1990 annual convention of the Society for Neuroscience in St. Louis, Missouri, three prominent researchers evaluate the most recent progress in understanding the interplay between the nervous system and the kidney and explore how the results of these studies relate to the broader questions concerning the nervous system's interactions.First, Luciano Barajas examines the detailed anatomy of the intrarenal distribution of the efferent and afferent renal nerves along the nephron and vasculature, and he evaluates the physiological role of each of the discrete components of the innervation. His basic science orientation combined with his deep appreciation of the clinical consequence of the failure of neural-renal regulation enhances his discussion of the anatomy. Ulla C. Kopp discusses the role of the renorenal reflex, which alters renal responses following stimulation of the contralateral kidney. She also considers her recent findings that efferent renal nerve activity can directly modify sensory feedback to the spinal cord from the kidney. Finally, J. Michael Wyss examines the functional consequences of neural control of the kidney in health and disease. Although the nervous system has often been considered as only an acute regulator of visceral function, current studies into hypertension and renal disease suggest that neural-renal dysfunction may be an important contributor to chronic diseases.Together, these presentations examine most of the recent advances in the area of neural-renal interactions and point out how these data form a basis for future research into neuronal interactions with all visceral organs. The relative simplicity of the neural-renal interaction makes this system an important model with which to elucidate all neural-peripheral and neural-neural interactions.

scholarly journals Sociocultural Context of Suicidal Behaviour in the Sundarban Region of India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Chowdhury ◽  
S. Banerjee ◽  
A. Brahma ◽  
A. Hazra ◽  
M. G. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Self Harm

The role of mental illness in nonfatal deliberate self-harm (DSH) is controversial, especially in Asian countries. This prospective study examined the role of psychiatric disorders, underlying social and situational problems, and triggers of DSH in a sample of 89 patients hospitalised in primary care hospitals of the Sundarban Delta, India. Data were collected by using a specially designed DSH register, Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC), and clinical interview. Psychiatric diagnosis was made following the DSM-IV guidelines. The majority of subjects were young females (74.2%) and married (65.2%). Most of them (69.7%) were uncertain about their “intention to die,” and pesticide poisoning was the commonest method (95.5%). Significant male-female differences were found with respect to education level, occupation, and venue of the DSH attempt. Typical stressors were conflict with spouse, guardians, or in-laws, extramarital affairs, chronic physical illness, and failed love affairs. The major depressive disorder (14.6%) was the commonest psychiatric diagnosis followed by adjustment disorder (6.7%); however 60.7% of the cases had no psychiatric illness. Stressful life situations coupled with easy access to lethal pesticides stood as the risk factor. The sociocultural dynamics behind suicidal behaviour and community-specific social stressors merit detailed assessment and timely psychosocial intervention. These findings will be helpful to design community-based mental health clinical services and community action in the region.

The Political role of the judiciary : The Belgian case

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-384
Author(s):  
Lode Van Outrive
Keyword(s):  
Easy Access ◽  
The Political ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Advisory Body ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

We set out by tracking the political vicissitudes of the administration of justice and their connections with a range of phenomena: the neglect by politicians; a series of events and scandals and the very curious reactions of the judicial apparatus; several parliamentary investigation commissions without much effect. Then we take a critical look at partisan politicisation of the magistrature: negative evalution of their output thrives to it; but there are also partisan appointments and promotions, even absence and refusal of training. Many contextual factors hinder a normal, acceptable process of politicisation: over- and underregulation, bad legislation, misconception on contra! over the administration of justice and over judges, non-democratic decisionmaking within the organisation of the magistrature, the development of wrong relationship inside the trias politica; but also other more external conditions were not met neither.  We wind up with an examination of the assesment of recent governmental proposals: an improvement of criminal and judicial inquiries; foundation of a national advisory body for the magistrature; simplification of the legislation; modernisation of the courts activities; a more objective recruitment and selection system; more easy access to justice etc. The question raises as to wether it suffices to tinker with the sy stem of the administration of justice alone ... Between the Belgian and the Italian situations are similarities and relevant differences. 

scholarly journals CZY JESTEŚMY GOTOWI NA EKOGLOTTODYDAKTYKĘ W POLSKIM KONTEKŚCIE EDUKACYJNYM?

Neofilolog ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Jolanta Sujecka-Zając
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Language Context ◽  
The Relationship

The trend for eco-linguistics, which has been dynamically developing in the English-language literature since the 1970s, proposes a change in the perception of the relationship between language, nature, and culture, in a sense making language a link which brings together nature and culture, rather than separating them as is traditional. This approach poses important questions: How do languages ​​work in the ecosystem created by the language environment of all users of a given language context? What relationships can they enter into? How should one perceive the development of multilingualism in such an ecological approach, in which not only does "strong" affect the "weak" but “weak” reciprocates? "Weak" has an important place in the language ecosystem, which risks serious changes due to excessive weakening of one of its components. This paper aims to examine the possible inspirations that eco-linguistics offers Foreign Language Teaching (FLT), highlighting the role of each language and sensitizing the reader to the relationships that arise between languages ​​and their users in a given environment. From this perspective Claire Kramsch (2008) postulates a change in the perception of the main function of the teacher from the "teacher of a code" to the "teacher of meaning", which has specific didactic consequences in how language activities are approached. Is the school classroom a place for activities which have their origin in the trend for eco-FLT?

scholarly journals The Role of Empathy in Experiential Learning: A Case Study of Empathy as an Interior Design Learning Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Lilia Gomez-Lanier
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Design Learning ◽  
Design Students ◽  
Interior Environments ◽  
Interior Design Students

Empathy definitions do not adequately reflect the realities of empathy in the context of interior design for the elderly or disabled. This mixed research methods study explored the role that empathy as a design learning tool may have on the design process and learning experiences of interior design students, whom ultimately will design spaces for the elderly and disabled. To explore the use of empathy as a learning tool prior to commencing a renovation design project for three disabled farmers and their families in the southeast area of the United States, interior design students participated in class exercises that simulated various physical disabilities. After completing the exercises students reported high levels of emphatic concern for physically disabled older adults that made them more in tuned with the program needs of their clients, the farmers. Additionally, the students acknowledged that they had gained a greater understanding of inclusive design, whereby all end users of spaces regardless of physical and mental capabilities are to be considered when designing interior environments. Lastly, students enhanced their problem-solving skills by gaining insights into the importance of considering all details in design, ranging from the addition of coat hooks to door hardware selection and floor finish materials to furniture placements. This study is significant because two of the fastest growing sectors for interior design is healthcare and aging in place.

scholarly journals Penerapan Menu Konfirmasi Pembayaran Online Berbasis Yii pada Perguruan Tinggi

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Untung Rahardja ◽  
Qurotul Aini ◽  
Made Bunga Thalia
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
Online Payment ◽  
Academic Information

Sistem informasi pembayaran saat ini sudah menggunakan sistem berbasis modernisasi atau online, yang sangat dibutuhkan pada era globalisasi ini. Peranan transaksi online menjadi sangat penting bagi masyarakat modern. Seperti E-Commerce yang menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan form menu konfirmasi pembayaran pada sistem pembayaran online perguruan tinggi, dari sistem yang sebelumnya masih berjalan manual atau tidak online. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengimplementasikan form menu konfirmasi pembayaran online guna meningkatkan pelayanan kepada mahasiswa perguruan tinggi dalam hal memberikan informasi pembayaran yang tepat dan akurat kepada mahasiswa, serta memberikan akses mudah bagi mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Raharja dalam hal konfirmasi pembayaran. Selain dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi mahasiswa, sistem ini juga dapat memberikan kemudahan untuk bagian keuangan dalam pengecekan transaksi yang sudah masuk. Sistem yang diimplementasikan pada Perguruan Tinggi Raharja untuk form menu konfirmasi pembayaran ini ialah website goplus. Website goplus ini dibangun dengan menggunakan yii2 framework, dimana sudah banyak diterapkan sebelumnya pada sistem informasi akademik lainnya di Perguruan Tinggi Raharja. Pada yii2 framework terdapat fitur CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) yang dapat mempermudah dalam membuat suatu form.The current payment information systems already use-based systems modernization or online, which is much needed in this era of globalization. The role of online transactions is becoming very important for modern society. Like the E-Commerce as a reference in the development of the payment confirmation menu form on the college online payment system, from a system that previously still runs manually or not online. The purpose of this research is to implement online payment confirmation menu form to enhance services to college students in terms of providing payment information which is precise and accurate to college students, as well as providing easy access for students College Raharja in terms of payment confirmation. In addition to providing convenience for students, the system is also able to provide convenience to the financial section in checking of transactions already entered. The system is implemented on College Raharja to form this payment confirmation menu is goplus website. Goplus website was built using the yii2 framework, which already implemented earlier in other academic information system in College Raharja. In the yii 2 framework there are features of the CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) which can make it easier to create a form.

scholarly journals El uso seguro del Internet y el rol de los padres / The Safe Use of the Internet and the Role of Parents

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Elizabeth Moreno Carrillo ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo León Duarte ◽  
Carlos René Contreras Cázarez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Mixed Approach

ABSTRACTSociety has been transforming throughout the last years. The easy access to Internet has made two important institutions, family and school, cope to new challenges. Teenagers in different countries have access to Internet. However, understanding how these changes affect them, their families, their education, their community and the risks they cope help us get to empiric research. The main inquiry is to identify the use and the role parents have around the Internet and technological devices. The research is based in a mixed approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, using a questionnaire and a focus group to collect data.RESUMENLa sociedad ha venido transformándose durante las últimas décadas. El fácil acceso al Internet ha hecho que dos importantes instituciones, la familia y la escuela, se enfrenten a nuevos retos. En distintos países alrededor del mundo, los adolescentes tienen acceso al Internet. Sin embargo, para entender como estos cambios los afecta a ellos, a sus familias, a su educación, a su comunidad y los riesgos que enfrentan, es posible llevar a cabo la investigación empírica. La pregunta central es conocer el uso y el rol que tienen los padres en torno al Internet y a los dispositivos tecnológicos. Como parte de la metodología, la construcción del objeto de estudio se basa en la implementación de un enfoque mixto. La combinación de enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos conlleva al diseño de dos fases en las que se utilizarán dos herramientas, la encuesta y el grupo focal. Contacto principal: [email protected]

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