scholarly journals Gender and Workaholism: A Study of New Zealand Academics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amanda Lea Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Addiction ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Enjoyment ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Work Involvement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

<p>The aim of this study was to examine gender's impact on Workaholism and, in particular, the correlates of 'Workaholism' characteristics (Work Involvement, Drive and Work Enjoyment). The Literature review draws attention to the various definitions developed, providing the source and foundation of the definition used in this study. This thesis defines Workaholism as the tendency towards heavy work investment and involvement (the behavioural dimension) with considerable allocation of time to work-related activities and work-related thoughts and the combination of high-drive with low-enjoyment (the cognitive dimension), which manifests itself in working compulsively and being obsessed with work for reasons that are not derived from external necessity. A sample of 331 New Zealand academic employees from the eight different universities completed a web-based survey measuring 'Workaholism', Workaholism perceptions, hours worked and gender perceptions. Results show that there are differences in the degree of Workaholism and Workaholism-related variables between genders in academics in New Zealand. Furthermore, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between genders in Work Involvement and Drive – females were found to exhibit more of both characteristics. No significant difference between genders in Work Enjoyment was found. Again, there is no significant difference between genders in Workaholism perceptions. There was, however, a significant difference between genders in the proportion of overworkers. These findings provide insight into possible directions for future research as well as potentially influencing treatment for work addiction. In order for this knowledge to directly contribute towards benefiting practitioners further study is needed, leading to the ability to allow actions taken to reduce/prevent Workaholism to be tailored to the specific needs of employees. By understanding gender differences and the individual's perception of their own Workaholism, treatment could be tailored specifically for the individual. The current study suggests that blanket policies designed to promote work-life balance are unlikely to benefit all employees.</p>

scholarly journals Gender and Workaholism: A Study of New Zealand Academics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amanda Lea Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Addiction ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Enjoyment ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Work Involvement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

<p>The aim of this study was to examine gender's impact on Workaholism and, in particular, the correlates of 'Workaholism' characteristics (Work Involvement, Drive and Work Enjoyment). The Literature review draws attention to the various definitions developed, providing the source and foundation of the definition used in this study. This thesis defines Workaholism as the tendency towards heavy work investment and involvement (the behavioural dimension) with considerable allocation of time to work-related activities and work-related thoughts and the combination of high-drive with low-enjoyment (the cognitive dimension), which manifests itself in working compulsively and being obsessed with work for reasons that are not derived from external necessity. A sample of 331 New Zealand academic employees from the eight different universities completed a web-based survey measuring 'Workaholism', Workaholism perceptions, hours worked and gender perceptions. Results show that there are differences in the degree of Workaholism and Workaholism-related variables between genders in academics in New Zealand. Furthermore, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between genders in Work Involvement and Drive – females were found to exhibit more of both characteristics. No significant difference between genders in Work Enjoyment was found. Again, there is no significant difference between genders in Workaholism perceptions. There was, however, a significant difference between genders in the proportion of overworkers. These findings provide insight into possible directions for future research as well as potentially influencing treatment for work addiction. In order for this knowledge to directly contribute towards benefiting practitioners further study is needed, leading to the ability to allow actions taken to reduce/prevent Workaholism to be tailored to the specific needs of employees. By understanding gender differences and the individual's perception of their own Workaholism, treatment could be tailored specifically for the individual. The current study suggests that blanket policies designed to promote work-life balance are unlikely to benefit all employees.</p>

scholarly journals Employer branding and employee engagement of furniture retailer in Klang Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Raemah Abdullah Hashim ◽  
Mohamad Azlan Mohamad Nor
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Employer Branding ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The paper discussed on the relationship between employer branding and employee engagement among employees in selected furniture retailers in Malaysia. This study also looks into the state of employees’ engagement and gender differences in their engagement towards their organization. Furniture retailing falls under the retail trade industry that contributed about RM35.7 billion to Malaysia GDP in 2017 with expected growth of 8.7 percent. However, the industry suffers an average yearly employee turnover rate of 13 percent. Amid this high turnover, the raising question is can popularity of employers’ branding can result in employee engagement leading to their retention in the organisation. 350 respondents were chosen randomly and 120 (30%) respondents had given feedback on the personally administered questionnaires. The result revealed that there is significant relationship between employer branding and employee engagement. The study also indicated that work challenging is the most important variable which led to drive the employee engagement. Consequently, there is significant difference between male and female in terms of engagement. Organisation, hence may consider leveraging employee engagement which may lead to retaining their employees. Future research may consider researchers to pursue a longitudinal method of research design across a variety of firm-sizes and industries that would be more significant in making generalizations.

An empirical test of an Antecedents – Privacy Concerns – Outcomes model

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Benamati ◽  
Zafer D. Ozdemir ◽  
H. Jeff Smith
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Information Privacy ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This study extends privacy concerns research by providing a test of a model inspired by the ‘Antecedents – Privacy Concerns – Outcomes’ (APCO) framework. Focusing at the individual level of analysis, the study examines the influences of privacy awareness (PA) and demographic variables (age, gender) on concern for information privacy (CFIP). It also considers CFIP’s relationship to privacy-protecting behaviours and incorporates trust and risk into the model. These relationships are tested in a specific, Facebook-related context. Results strongly support the overall model. PA and gender are important explanators for CFIP, which in turn explains privacy-protecting behaviours. We also find that perceived risk affects trust, which in turn affects behaviours in the studied context. The results yield several recommendations for future research as well as some implications for management.

scholarly journals Anatomic Variability of the Morphometric Parameters of the Fourth Ventricle of the Brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia Zhuravlova ◽  
Maryna Kornieieva ◽  
Erik Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Objectives The defining of the normal parameters of spacious relations and symmetry of the ventricular system of the brain depending on the gender and age is currently one of the topical research problems of clinical anatomy. The present research aims to identify the correlation between the morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain and the shape of the skull in middle aged people. Design This is a prospective cohort study. Setting This study was set at the Trinity School of Medicine. Participants A total of 118 normal computed tomography scans of the head of people aged from 21 to 86 years (mean age—48.6 years ± 17.57) were selected for the study. Main Outcome Measures The anteroposterior, transverse diameters, and height of the fourth ventricle were measured and compared in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. Results The study has shown the presence of a statistically significant difference between morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. Conclusion The morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain, such as height, anteroposterior, and transverse diameters, depend on the individual anatomic variability of the skull shape and gender.

scholarly journals Morbid Obesity Impairs Adequacy of Thoracic Compressions in a Simulation-Based Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Secombe ◽  
R. Sutherland ◽  
R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Individual

Adequate cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an important predictor of survival, however, obesity provides a significant physical barrier to thoracic compressions. This study explores the effect of morbid obesity on compression adequacy. We performed a prospective randomised controlled crossover study, assessing the adequacy of thoracic compressions on a manikin modified to emulate a morbidly obese patient. Participants recruited from critical care departments were randomised to perform continuous compressions for two minutes on each manikin. Accelerometers were used to measure thoracic wall movement. The primary endpoint was a composite measure of compression adequacy (rate, depth and recoil). Secondary endpoints were the individual components of the composite outcome and measures of perceived effectiveness, fatigue, and pain. One hundred and one participants were recruited. There was a significant difference between the obese and control groups in the composite endpoint (4% versus 30%, P <0.001), as well as the individual components of adequacy (P <0.01 for all). Quartile data showed significant deterioration in adequacy of depth and recoil in both groups, and this occurred significantly earlier in the obese group (P ≤0.001). Participants’ perception of effectiveness was significantly lower (P ≤0.001) in the obese group, and levels of fatigue (P ≤0.001) and pain (P ≤0.001) significantly higher. Morbid obesity impairs the adequacy of thoracic compressions for trained rescuers in a simulation-based model. Participants were not fully aware of how ineffective compressions were. There is evidence of earlier fatigue further reducing effectiveness. These findings have significant implications for the training of rescuers in a clinically relevant population and the planning of future research.

The Influence of Caregiving on the Relation Between Marital Status and Psychological Health in a Grandparent Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502092000
Author(s):  
Angela M. Provenzano ◽  
Melanie A. Stearns ◽  
Danielle K. Nadorff
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Predictors Of Depression

Grandparent caregivers report poorer psychological and physical health, but relationship status has been shown to influence burden. The current study investigated depressive symptoms of 3288 grandparents who completed the third wave of the National Survey of Families and Households. The study found that those who are unmarried were more likely to be grandparent caregivers, and female participants reported higher depressive symptoms. Marital status and caregiving status were comparable predictors of depression, but marital status did not buffer the effects of caregiving status on depression. Caregiving status accounted for a significant amount of depressive symptom variance for depression, comparable to marital status and gender. There was a significant difference in depressive symptoms of married and unmarried grandparent non-caregivers but with a significantly lower baseline depression rate than grandparent caregivers. Future research should examine whether making social support options available to unmarried grandparent caregivers who lack informal support from a spouse may improve outcomes.

scholarly journals SUN-036 Evaluation of Gender Experience Among Individuals with Isolated GnRH Deficiency Compared to Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Persky ◽  
Joan C Han ◽  
Anna Neyman ◽  
Reuben D Rohn ◽  
Ravikumar Balasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: Sex hormones play a role in gender identity development. For example, 46,XY individuals with complete androgen insensitivity typically have a female gender identity. Isolated GnRH deficiency (IGD) leads to hypogonadism due to decreased GnRH-induced gonadotropin production. It is unknown if decreased sex hormone exposure leads to differences in gender identity among individuals with IGD compared with the general population. Our objective was to determine if the gender identity in subjects with IGD differs from controls. Methods: We distributed a validated questionnaire; the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents (GIDYQ-AA) (1), to IGD participants who previously enrolled in a phenotyping study. Subjects also provided their age, sex assigned at birth (SAAB), gender and information about their condition and treatment. Group survey scores are expressed as mean ± SD. IGD subject scores were compared with control data (Student’s t-test) obtained from a validation study for the GIDYQ-AA (2). Results: Out of 79 subjects who were contacted, 8 males (M) assigned at birth and 7 females (F) assigned at birth chose to participate and one person actively declined. Average age was 30 y for F and 28 y for M. At the time of the study, all subjects were on hormone supplementation except for one F. A score of 5 indicates a gender identity congruent with SAAB. Among F, mean scaled IGD score was 4.73 ± 0.29 vs. controls (4.8 ± 0.28, n=57; not significant (ns)), and for M it was 4.62 ± 0.52 vs. controls (4.82 ± 0.24, n=37; ns). One female identified as “non-gendered”, one male identified as “intersex/DSD” (14% of respondents), one female did not respond and gender was congruent with SAAB in the remainder. The lowest mean score for an individual question for the IGD F group was in response to whether they felt satisfied being a woman and for the IGD M group, it was in response to whether they felt they were a real man. Conclusions: Men and women with IGD did not show a significant difference in their gender identity compared with controls, and gender was found to be congruent with SAAB for the majority. However, the individual question responses and the self-described gender in this small cohort may suggest that there are differences in how some individuals with IGD experience their gender development. We speculate that this may be related to how they perceive the differences in physical development that they experienced related to their condition. Larger studies in participants with IGD and other disorders that alter sex hormone production/effect are necessary to further understand the relationship between decreased sex hormone exposure during critical developmental periods and gender identity development. References: (1) Deogracias, J.J, et al. J. Sex Res., 2007, 44:4, 370–379 (2) Singh, D. et al. J. Sex Res. 2010, 47:1, 49–58

scholarly journals Imprisonment: Young Pacific womens' experiences of living with depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aotearoa Muaiava
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Music Reading ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cultural Pressures

<p>Research has shown that depression is prevalent in adolescence. This descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of young Pacific Island (PI) women (17-25 years of age) living in New Zealand. Phenomenological interviewing was used to capture the lived experiences of depression with the aim of developing a deeper understanding of what it is like to be a young depressed PI woman. The essence of being depressed was imprisonment. Young PI women described how family and cultural pressures, experiences of failure and abuse led to their depression. They experienced rejection, being labelled, misunderstood and silenced by others and their circumstances and depression trapped them. The women managed their depression by finding their voice in writing journals, listening to music, reading bible scriptures, prayer and connecting to others with similar lived experience. The implications of the study are discussed in relation to improving parent education and culturally relevant support for young PI women. Recommendations for future research include developing approaches to research that include a more specific cultural and gender focus.</p>

scholarly journals Imprisonment: Young Pacific womens' experiences of living with depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aotearoa Muaiava
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Music Reading ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cultural Pressures

<p>Research has shown that depression is prevalent in adolescence. This descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of young Pacific Island (PI) women (17-25 years of age) living in New Zealand. Phenomenological interviewing was used to capture the lived experiences of depression with the aim of developing a deeper understanding of what it is like to be a young depressed PI woman. The essence of being depressed was imprisonment. Young PI women described how family and cultural pressures, experiences of failure and abuse led to their depression. They experienced rejection, being labelled, misunderstood and silenced by others and their circumstances and depression trapped them. The women managed their depression by finding their voice in writing journals, listening to music, reading bible scriptures, prayer and connecting to others with similar lived experience. The implications of the study are discussed in relation to improving parent education and culturally relevant support for young PI women. Recommendations for future research include developing approaches to research that include a more specific cultural and gender focus.</p>

scholarly journals Impacts of knowledge sharing: a review and directions for future research

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ahmad ◽  
Muhaimin Karim
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Aspects

PurposeKnowledge sharing contributes to the success of an organization in various ways. This paper aims to summarize the findings from past research on knowledge-sharing outcomes in organizations and to suggest promising directions for future research.Design/methodology/approachThere was a conduction of a systematic literature review that consisted of three main phases: defining a review protocol, conducting the review and reporting the review. The thematic analysis was conducted on 61 studies, based on which a framework for understanding the impacts of knowledge sharing was developed.FindingsPrevious research has investigated knowledge-sharing outcomes at three levels: the individual, team and organization; specific impacts are summarized for each level. The most commonly studied factors affected by knowledge sharing are creativity, learning and performance. Knowledge sharing is also found to have some beyond-convention work-related impacts, such as those on team climate and employees’ life satisfaction. Research on the outcomes of knowledge sharing is dominated by quantitative studies, as we found only one qualitative study in this review. Based on the discussion of the results, promising avenues for further research were identified and a research agenda was proposed. More research on differential, psychological and negative impacts, as well as interactional and methodological aspects of knowledge-sharing, is suggested.Originality/valueTo date, no systematic review has been conducted on the impacts of knowledge-sharing. This paper makes an important contribution to knowledge-sharing research, as it consolidates previous research and identifies a number of useful research topics that can be explored to advance the field, as well as to establish the evidence-based importance of knowledge sharing.

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