scholarly journals Anatomic Variability of the Morphometric Parameters of the Fourth Ventricle of the Brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia Zhuravlova ◽  
Maryna Kornieieva ◽  
Erik Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Objectives The defining of the normal parameters of spacious relations and symmetry of the ventricular system of the brain depending on the gender and age is currently one of the topical research problems of clinical anatomy. The present research aims to identify the correlation between the morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain and the shape of the skull in middle aged people. Design This is a prospective cohort study. Setting This study was set at the Trinity School of Medicine. Participants A total of 118 normal computed tomography scans of the head of people aged from 21 to 86 years (mean age—48.6 years ± 17.57) were selected for the study. Main Outcome Measures The anteroposterior, transverse diameters, and height of the fourth ventricle were measured and compared in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. Results The study has shown the presence of a statistically significant difference between morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. Conclusion The morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain, such as height, anteroposterior, and transverse diameters, depend on the individual anatomic variability of the skull shape and gender.

Anatomic Variability of the Morphometric Parameters of the Third Ventricle of the Brain and Its Relations to the Shape of the Skull

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia Zhuravlova ◽  
Maryna Kornieieva
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Aged People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anteroposterior Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objectives The defining of the normal parameters of spacious relations and symmetry of the ventricular system of the brain depending on the gender and age is currently one of the topical research problems of clinical anatomy. The present research aims to identify the correlation between the morphometric parameters of the third ventricle of the brain and the shape of the skull in the middle aged people. Design This is a prospective cohort study. Setting This study was set at the Trinity School of Medicine. Participants A total of 118 normal computed tomography scans of the head of people aged from 21 to 86 years (mean age: 48.6 years ± 17.57) were selected for the study. Main Outcome Measures The anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, and height of the third ventricle were measured and compared in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. Results The study has shown the presence of a statistically significant difference between morphometric parameters of the third ventricle of the brain in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. Conclusion The morphometric parameters of the third ventricle of the brain, such as height, anteroposterior diameter, and transverse diameter, depend on the individual anatomic variability of the skull shape and gender.

scholarly journals Theorizing Cultural and Social Intersections of Age and Gender: The Approach of Anocriticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 826-826
Author(s):  
Roberta Maierhofer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Narrative Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Dimension

Abstract This contribution discusses empirical applications of the approach of ‘anocriticism’ in interdisciplinary gerontological research. Despite the connection in terms of epistemology and ontology, the intersection of gender and age has been mostly ignored, privileging works focusing either on age or gender (Calasanti & Slevin 2001:27; Denninger & Schütze 2017:7). Age/ing Studies, however, would not have been established as a field without the theoretical and methodological approaches of feminist theory (Maierhofer (2019:2). Anocriticism was originally developed in order to investigate cultural representations of age/ing (Maierhofer 2003, 2004b, 2004a, 2007, 2012), but has recently been taken up in social sciences (Ratzenböck 2016a, 2016b, 2017a, 2017b; Gales and Loos 2020, forthcoming) in order to draw attention to four dimensions: (a) age and aging’s collective cultural construction and relation to gender, (b) the individual dimension of aging, (c) people’s interpretative power and narrative performance, and (d) age/ing’s potential for resistance and change.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cognitive Reserve: a pilot study for Bulgarian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yaneva ◽  
R Massaldjieva ◽  
N Mateva ◽  
D Bakova
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background The Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a concept used to represent the individual differences in processing cognitive tasks, allowing to cope with the pathology of the brain. CR describes the individual brain potential as a result of various activities during the lifespan. The study of this construct could open one more “door” on the path to the prevention of diseases associated with cognitive dysfunctions in human aging. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the CR as a part of a project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various options for stimulating active aging. Methods The Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) was translated into Bulgarian and was administered to 114 healthy participants (84,2% female and 15,8% male), aged 23 to 84 years (M = 52,40 SD = 16.81), divided into three age groups (up to 44, 45- 69 and over 70 years old). An individual CRI-level was calculated based on the subscores for education, working activity and leisure time. Non-parametric tests (Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test) were used for statistical analysis. Findings The CRI-level depends significantly on age (χ2=31.834, (df = 6), p < 0.001) but does not depend on gender (p = 0.257). Significant difference was found in three age groups for the total CRI-score (p < 0.001), CRI-Education (p < 0.001) and CRI-WorkingActivity (p < 0.001) except for CRI-LeisureTime score (p = 0.547). The total CRI-score significantly correlate with CRI-Education (r = 0.863), CRI-WorkingActivity (r = 0.809) and CRI-LeaisureTime (r = 0.414). Key messages The CRIq is an easy to administer instrument that could help the assessment of the cognitive reserve in Bulgarian population. The cognitive reserve depends on human behavior through the life span and this fact gives new opportunities for prevention of diseases associated with cognitive dysfunctions in human aging.

Privacy and trust in Facebook photo sharing: age and gender differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqdas Malik ◽  
Kari Hiekkanen ◽  
Marko Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Photo Sharing ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine gender and age differences regarding various aspects of privacy, trust, and activity on one of the most popular Facebook activity – “photo sharing.” Design/methodology/approach The data were collected using an online survey hosted by a web-based survey service for three weeks during December 2014-January 2015. The target audience comprised of Facebook users over 18 years engaged in sharing their photos on the platform. Findings Women and young Facebook users are significantly more concerned about the privacy of their shared photos. Meanwhile, users from older age groups are less active in using the site, in sharing photos, and in taking privacy-related protective measures. Interestingly, despite having more privacy concerns, young Facebook users display higher trust levels toward the platform than older users. Overall, in the study, there was an extremely significant difference in privacy attitudes among people under and over 35 years of age. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is new knowledge regarding the gender and age differences in various privacy-related aspects, trust, and activity. Findings from the study broadens the overall understanding of how these issues positively/negatively influence the photo-sharing activity on Facebook.

scholarly journals SUN-036 Evaluation of Gender Experience Among Individuals with Isolated GnRH Deficiency Compared to Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Persky ◽  
Joan C Han ◽  
Anna Neyman ◽  
Reuben D Rohn ◽  
Ravikumar Balasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: Sex hormones play a role in gender identity development. For example, 46,XY individuals with complete androgen insensitivity typically have a female gender identity. Isolated GnRH deficiency (IGD) leads to hypogonadism due to decreased GnRH-induced gonadotropin production. It is unknown if decreased sex hormone exposure leads to differences in gender identity among individuals with IGD compared with the general population. Our objective was to determine if the gender identity in subjects with IGD differs from controls. Methods: We distributed a validated questionnaire; the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents (GIDYQ-AA) (1), to IGD participants who previously enrolled in a phenotyping study. Subjects also provided their age, sex assigned at birth (SAAB), gender and information about their condition and treatment. Group survey scores are expressed as mean ± SD. IGD subject scores were compared with control data (Student’s t-test) obtained from a validation study for the GIDYQ-AA (2). Results: Out of 79 subjects who were contacted, 8 males (M) assigned at birth and 7 females (F) assigned at birth chose to participate and one person actively declined. Average age was 30 y for F and 28 y for M. At the time of the study, all subjects were on hormone supplementation except for one F. A score of 5 indicates a gender identity congruent with SAAB. Among F, mean scaled IGD score was 4.73 ± 0.29 vs. controls (4.8 ± 0.28, n=57; not significant (ns)), and for M it was 4.62 ± 0.52 vs. controls (4.82 ± 0.24, n=37; ns). One female identified as “non-gendered”, one male identified as “intersex/DSD” (14% of respondents), one female did not respond and gender was congruent with SAAB in the remainder. The lowest mean score for an individual question for the IGD F group was in response to whether they felt satisfied being a woman and for the IGD M group, it was in response to whether they felt they were a real man. Conclusions: Men and women with IGD did not show a significant difference in their gender identity compared with controls, and gender was found to be congruent with SAAB for the majority. However, the individual question responses and the self-described gender in this small cohort may suggest that there are differences in how some individuals with IGD experience their gender development. We speculate that this may be related to how they perceive the differences in physical development that they experienced related to their condition. Larger studies in participants with IGD and other disorders that alter sex hormone production/effect are necessary to further understand the relationship between decreased sex hormone exposure during critical developmental periods and gender identity development. References: (1) Deogracias, J.J, et al. J. Sex Res., 2007, 44:4, 370–379 (2) Singh, D. et al. J. Sex Res. 2010, 47:1, 49–58

scholarly journals Determining Gender and Age by Mandibular Anatomy Landmarks in Computed Tomography with Cone-Beam (CBCT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nasim Shams ◽  
Mahshid Razavi ◽  
Azar Mehrabi ◽  
Sina Salehin ◽  
Parisa Sarikhani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Tangent Point ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: this study aimed at determining gender and age by mandibular anatomy landmarks in computed tomography with Cone-Beam (CBCT). Methodology: this cross sectional study was performed on 147 CBCT images available in archive of radiology in the dentistry department of Ahvaz Jondi Shapoor medical science university. In this research, we assessed parameters including SMEF: Distance from mental foramen to the highest point of alveolar crest ridge, BIAC: distance from lowest point of IAC to the most anterior tangent point of buccal mandibular plate, LIAC: distance from the lowest IAC point to the most posterior tangent point o mandibular lingual plate, IMEF: distance from the lowest mental hole border to the lowest tangent point on inferior mandibular border, D2: distance from the lowest IAC canal border to the lowest tangent point on inferior mandibular border and gonial angle: junction of inferior mandibular border and posterior ramus border. Data were analysed by SPSS software 20th version and Spearman correlation coefficient tests, one-way variance analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, independent t, and Uman Withney. Results: SMEF level was significantly different in groups and in 25-34 group it was significantly higher than under 25 group. In right side it was significantly higher than female. IMEF had no significant difference in age groups and in both side it was higher in male than female. BIAC in both sides had no significant difference. LIAC in both sides an in different ages had no significant difference in male and female. D2 had no significant difference in both sides. But in a group with patients older than 55 it was significantly higher than 45-54 group. In addition, in left side it was higher in male than female there was no significant difference in gonial angle in different groups in left side with in right side there was significant difference in different age groups. But there was no significant difference in gender. Conclusion: evaluated indices in this research are not ry accurate to forecast age and gender and they cannot be used as accurate tools in estimating age and gender of people.

scholarly journals Is phubbing a matter for educators: A case for pre-service and in-service teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Ulaş İLİÇ ◽  
Tayfun TANYERİ
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Generic Scale

Becoming one of the indispensable tools of our daily life, mobile phones have accelerated the pace of our life by facilitating our business affairs. In addition to the good aspects of these tools reshaping even our habits, they also have various psychological and physiological damages. One of the behaviors for which the cell phone is considered as harmful is phubbing. Phubbing is defined as giving the perception of the individual to his/her mobile phone, not to these people during the communication with other individuals. Considering the increasing use of such technological tools in the classroom, within the scope of phubbing, the status of teachers, one of the important stakeholders of the education environment, is also important. From this point of view, in this study, it was purposed to examine the status of being phubber of pre-service and in-service teachers and their exposure to phubbing in terms of age and gender variables. The study designed in correlational survey method, was conducted with the data collected from 293 people, 46 in-service teachers and 247 pre-service teachers, through the Generic Scale of Phubbing and Generic Scale of Being Phubbed. The independent samples t-Test and Pearson correlation analysis were implemented in the context of the research questions. The results of the analysis indicated that the pre-service teachers are higher in terms of both being a phubber and phubbee than the in-service teachers. In addition to this, it was comprehended that these concepts did not differ in terms of gender and age. On the other hand, it was found out that the behavior of being a phubber tended to increase as getting older. Moreover, it was observed that the participants and the pre-service teachers who were phubber were also exposed to this behavior.

Validation of Modified Hertel Exophthalmometer

2020 ◽  
pp. 194338752095462
Author(s):  
Rizwana Fathima Jamal ◽  
Emmanuel Azariah ◽  
Deepak Pandyan ◽  
Ravindran Chinnaswami
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
And Gender

Study Design: This is a correlation study. Objective: The objective was to obtain normative values from modified Hertel exophthalmometer, to compare difference in values between modified and standard Hertel exophthalmometer and to statistically analyze for correlation. Methods: The study to validate the modification done to Hertel exophthalmometer was performed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at our institute. Informed consent was obtained from patients; measurement in 100 volunteers was made with Hertel and modified Hertel exophthalmometer by a single observer, and the measurements taken by the 2 devices were tabulated along with variables such as age and gender. Data were collected and statistical analysis was performed to compare and correlate the values between standard and modified exophthalmometer. Differences of ocular protrusion values in gender and age were also calculated. Results: There has been no statistically significant difference in the normative data between standard Hertel and modified Hertel exophthalmometer and in relation to age and gender. Conclusions: The modification of the Hertel exophthalmometer is validated and can also be used for relative exophthalmometry to assess the need for treatment and to evaluate the globe position and orbital volume intraoperatively. The proposed modification of the instrument allows it to be used in cases when one of the lateral orbital walls is fractured or displaced due to trauma.

scholarly journals Association of rheumatoid arthritis according to the degree of genetic homozygosity and gender: Pilot study

Genetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1139-1149
Author(s):  
Suzana Cvjeticanin ◽  
Milan Terzic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic synovial inflammatory autoimmune disease with multifactorial origin. With epigenetic and genetic mechanisms playing a role in the development of RA, the aim of our study was to evaluate the anthropogenetic variability in tested individuals that were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and the possible influence of gender in expression of illness. 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 100 healthy control individuals were evaluated. For the estimation of the degree of recessive homozygosity, the homozygously recessive characteristics (HRC) test was performed testing 20 HRCs. There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 20 HRCs between the individuals of the control group and patients with RA (SX2=135.191; p<0.001). The mean values of the tested HRCs significantly differed between individuals of the control group and RA group (MV?SDControl group-5.97?2.02, MV?SDRA group-7.34?2.00, p=<0.001). There was a decrease in variability in the RA group versus the control group (VRA group=27.19%; VControl group=33.79%).There was significant difference in the frequencies of HRCs between those with and without RA in males (p<0.023) and in females (p<0.001). Our findings pointed to the higher degree of recessive homozygosity along with decreased variability in RA patients compared to a healthy control group. Therefore, it may be assumed that different genes in different proportions have certain influence in the processes responsible for RA susceptibility and its different degrees of expression.

scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Brain Lateralization and Gender in Paranormal Beliefs

2019 ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Abdolvahed Narmashiri ◽  
Ahmad Sohrabi ◽  
Javad Hatami ◽  
Azita Amirfakhraei ◽  
Shaniya Haghighat
Keyword(s):  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Brain lateralization is associated with human behavior. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of brain lateralization on the scores of paranormal beliefs. Methods: The study population included 180 students of Sanandaj universities, Sanandaj City, Iran who were selected with convenience sampling method (100 left-brained males, 6 left-brained females, 56 both left- and right-brained males and 22 both left- and right-brained females). The research tools were the paranormal belief scale developed by Blackmore (1994), as well as the brain lateralization questionnaire (1985). Results: The obtained findings suggested a significant difference between the left-brain and right-brained people in terms of paranormal beliefs. A significant difference was also found between the left-brained males and both left- and right-brained females in terms of paranormal beliefs. Conclusion: The paranormal beliefs of the left-brained cases were different from both left- and right-brained subjects, which can be seen between the left-brained males and both left- and right-brained females.

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