scholarly journals Common Ground: Multivalent Communal Space in Medium Density Housing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephen John Pattinson
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Communal Space ◽  
Urban Population Growth

<p>The combined effect of shrinking average household size and steady urban population growth places considerable stress on existing land supply within urban limits, creating significant challenges for meeting new housing demand in a sustainable way. One option, intensification, is occurring rapidly in New Zealand’s main urban centres. Intensive housing in Auckland, for example, represents 35% of Auckland’s total housing market (2007), and “…indications are that the size of the intensive housing market will increase … it is possible that in the future intensive housing will be the housing market rather than a segment within it.” It is therefore important and urgent to consider ways of achieving higher density housing efficiently on less available land. One design strategy that may contribute significantly towards achieving this goal is the use of ‘multivalent’ communal space. In New Zealand, little consideration is given to the provision of ‘multivalent’ communal space in higher density housing. Consequently, opportunities are being missed to utilise urban land more efficiently in ways that enhance the quality of higher density living environments. This thesis research suggests that ‘multivalent’ communal space has significant potential for better utilisation of urban land and the enhancement of residents’ quality of life in intensive urban environments.</p>

scholarly journals Common Ground: Multivalent Communal Space in Medium Density Housing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephen John Pattinson
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Communal Space ◽  
Urban Population Growth

<p>The combined effect of shrinking average household size and steady urban population growth places considerable stress on existing land supply within urban limits, creating significant challenges for meeting new housing demand in a sustainable way. One option, intensification, is occurring rapidly in New Zealand’s main urban centres. Intensive housing in Auckland, for example, represents 35% of Auckland’s total housing market (2007), and “…indications are that the size of the intensive housing market will increase … it is possible that in the future intensive housing will be the housing market rather than a segment within it.” It is therefore important and urgent to consider ways of achieving higher density housing efficiently on less available land. One design strategy that may contribute significantly towards achieving this goal is the use of ‘multivalent’ communal space. In New Zealand, little consideration is given to the provision of ‘multivalent’ communal space in higher density housing. Consequently, opportunities are being missed to utilise urban land more efficiently in ways that enhance the quality of higher density living environments. This thesis research suggests that ‘multivalent’ communal space has significant potential for better utilisation of urban land and the enhancement of residents’ quality of life in intensive urban environments.</p>

scholarly journals Lakótelepek esztétikai értékelésének kísérlete szegedi mintaterületek alapján

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-332
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Hungarian State ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Housing Estates

The aesthetics of landscapes and the environment has not received considerable research attention. The main reason for this is that aesthetic evaluation contains too many subjective elements, which is not always compatible with the cold rationalism of researchers. Despite this, researchers regularly comment on the aesthetics of urban environments. This is not accidental. There is a connection between the aesthetics of phenomena and the decision-making with regard to them. The aesthetic appearance of an area affects millions of decisions regarding investments, tourism destinations, or the choice of dwelling-place. In Hungary, around one third of the urban population is living in housing estates; this environment is an everyday reality for most of the urban population. The housing estates were built during the communist era and received major criticism almost instantly in both sociology and architecture. In recent decades both the Hungarian state and the local government of Szeged have made significant investments aimed at increasing the quality of the housing estates’ environment. For determining the aesthetics of housing areas and their environment, we improved our earlier- developed method, which was used for evaluating single downtown buildings. The improved method was tested in three different sample housing areas. For the evaluation of architecturally homogeneous, newly-constructed or refurbished buildings, we have introduced the concept of the visual unit, which incorporates multiple buildings and their surroundings. This solution speeds up the evaluation process, and it can also be used to score individual buildings, if necessary. We also examined visual conflicts which affect the aesthetics of the area and can reduce the value of the visual condition. The key result of our research is the thematic mapping of three categories, including the aesthetically valuable, and therefore attractive areas, which can be distinguished from the aesthetically problematic, and therefore repulsive areas, and from the areas which can be (and should be) improved aesthetically.

scholarly journals Urban Population Growth and Job Opportunities: The Case of Albania

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Mario Ҫurçija ◽  
Emirjeta Bejleri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Urban Population Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

AbstractDemographic change is a complex phenomenon, but it has generally been accepted that having better employment opportunities and quality of jobs are among important factors that determine people’s mobility. The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between the increase in the number of people living in urban areas and the job opportunities in these areas in Albania. In order to do so, we performed a statistical analysis of a dataset on labor force surveys for the time period of 2007-2013. Our findings confirmed a positive correlation between the increase of individuals living in a certain area and job opportunities for specialized occupations in that area; however, a significant relationship was not found when job opportunities in general, in general, were considered.

scholarly journals Probiotics as a Possible Strategy for the Prevention and Treatment of Allergies. A Narrative Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Aroa Lopez-Santamarina ◽  
Esther Gonzalez Gonzalez ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Alicia del Carmen Mondragon ◽  
Patricia Regal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

Allergies are an increasing global public health concern, especially for children and people living in urban environments. Allergies impair the quality of life of those who suffer from them, and for this reason, alternatives for the treatment of allergic diseases or reduction in their symptoms are being sought. The main objective of this study was to compile the studies carried out on probiotics as a possible therapy for allergies. The most studied allergies on which probiotics have been shown to have a beneficial effect are rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Most studies have studied the administration of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. in children and have shown beneficial effects, such as a reduction in hyperreactivity and inflammation caused by allergens and a decrease in cytokine release, among other beneficial effects. In the case of children, no clear beneficial effects were found in several studies, and the potential risk from the use of some opportunistic bacteria, such as probiotics, seems controversial. In the studies that reported beneficial results, these effects were found to make allergy symptoms less aggressive, thus reducing morbidity in allergy sufferers. The different effects of the same probiotic bacteria on different patients seem to reinforce the idea that the efficacy of probiotics is dependent on the microbial species or strain, its derived metabolites and byproducts, and the gut microbiota eubiosis of the patient. This study is relevant in the context of allergic diseases, as it provides a broader understanding of new alternatives for the treatment of allergies, both in children, who are the main sufferers, and adults, showing that probiotics, in some cases, reduce the symptoms and severity of such diseases.

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