scholarly journals Seedling Survival in Forest Re-vegetation Sites within Wellington Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Victor Anton Valades
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Mortality Probability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cabbage Tree

<p>Transplanting native seedlings is a widely used restoration tool to enhance biodiversity in urban areas. Due to labour and economic needs of this tool, it is crucial to maximise the survival rates of the transplanted seedlings. In this research, I monitored, over a six month period, the status of wineberry (Aristotelia serrata), cabbage tree (Cordyline australis) and lemonwood (Pittosporum eugenioides) seedlings in their initial years after transplanting. The seedlings, up to 4 years old, were located in 11 forest re-vegetation sites in Wellington city, New Zealand. Using mixed effects models to predict the mortality probability of each species, I analyse the relative importance that variables (e.g. soil conditions or grass competition) have in the mortality of the seedlings. Lemonwood seedlings experienced the lowest mortality rates (<2%), independent of age. The models predicting probability of mortality of wineberry and cabbage tree indicate that grass competition and water availability are crucial variables in the mortality of these species during the initial 6 months after transplanting. Combinations of plant size (e.g. height) and certain environmental variables (e.g. soil conditions or slope) crucially affect mortality of wineberry and cabbage trees from one to three years of age. Based on these results, I provide recommendations, such as appropriate planting date and ideal length of maintenance tasks, to maximise survival rates of native plants within the first years after transplanting. A longer monitoring period and similar research of other species are required to assist forest re-vegetation groups in Wellington city achieving more cost- and labour-efficient re-vegetation management.</p>

scholarly journals Seedling Survival in Forest Re-vegetation Sites within Wellington Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Victor Anton Valades
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Mortality Probability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cabbage Tree

<p>Transplanting native seedlings is a widely used restoration tool to enhance biodiversity in urban areas. Due to labour and economic needs of this tool, it is crucial to maximise the survival rates of the transplanted seedlings. In this research, I monitored, over a six month period, the status of wineberry (Aristotelia serrata), cabbage tree (Cordyline australis) and lemonwood (Pittosporum eugenioides) seedlings in their initial years after transplanting. The seedlings, up to 4 years old, were located in 11 forest re-vegetation sites in Wellington city, New Zealand. Using mixed effects models to predict the mortality probability of each species, I analyse the relative importance that variables (e.g. soil conditions or grass competition) have in the mortality of the seedlings. Lemonwood seedlings experienced the lowest mortality rates (<2%), independent of age. The models predicting probability of mortality of wineberry and cabbage tree indicate that grass competition and water availability are crucial variables in the mortality of these species during the initial 6 months after transplanting. Combinations of plant size (e.g. height) and certain environmental variables (e.g. soil conditions or slope) crucially affect mortality of wineberry and cabbage trees from one to three years of age. Based on these results, I provide recommendations, such as appropriate planting date and ideal length of maintenance tasks, to maximise survival rates of native plants within the first years after transplanting. A longer monitoring period and similar research of other species are required to assist forest re-vegetation groups in Wellington city achieving more cost- and labour-efficient re-vegetation management.</p>

scholarly journals Coast Redwood Regeneration Survival and Growth in Mendocino County, California

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Jameson ◽  
Timothy A. Robards
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Mendocino County ◽  
The Status ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Redwood Forest ◽  
Future Growth

Abstract Three stands of second-growth redwood forest were clearcut, and the logging slash in two of the units was broadcast burned following logging. Three types of redwood seedlings (plug, plug-one, and 2-year bareroot) were planted following logging and burning. Seedling survival rates were high, and there were no significant differences between survival and growth of stock types after 9 years. The native redwood sprouts were substantially larger than the planted seedlings, in both height and diameter, which could affect future growth of some seedlings. The status and dimensions of seedlings and native regeneration were periodically checked. The burned units were fully occupied by a dense, tall growth of brush within a few years, and the brush became re-established after a successful initial herbicide treatment.

The Status of Livelihood Vulnerability and Its CopingCapacities of Urban Squatters in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Chhabi Ram Baral
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Status

Urban poverty is one of multidimensional issue in Nepal. Increasing immigration from the outer parts of Kathmandu due to rural poverty, unemployment and weak security of the lives and the properties are core causes pushing people into urban areas. In this context how squatter urban area people sustain their livelihoods is major concern. The objectives of the study are to find out livelihood assets and capacities squatters coping with their livelihood vulnerability in adverse situation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied for data collection. It is found that squatters social security is weak, victimized by severe health problems earning is not regular with lack of physical facilities and overall livelihood is critical. This study helps to understand what the changes that have occurred in livelihood patterns and how poor people survive in urban area.

Ecosan Can Provide Sustainable Sanitation in Emergency Situations with Benefits for the Millennium Development Goals

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. v. Münch ◽  
G. Amy ◽  
J. F. Fesselet
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sanitation Systems

This paper describes the potential of ecological sanitation (ecosan) to provide sustainable excreta disposal in emergency situations and in peri-urban areas or slums in developing countries. At the present time, pit latrines are the most common form of excreta disposal both for emergency situations and in low-income peri-urban areas or slums. Although not intended to be a long-term solution, pit latrines provided during emergencies are often used for a long time (more than six months to years). This practice is not sustainable if the area is prone to flooding or there are soil conditions that allow groundwater pollution in areas where groundwater is used for drinking water, to name but two of the main factors. We propose eight criteria for the applicability of ecosan based on analysis of three case studies representing different types of emergency situations. The two most important criteria are awareness and expertise in ecosan within the aid agencies, and availability of standardised, lightweight toilet units that are quick to assemble and easy to transport (e.g. container for faeces, and urine diversion squatting pan made of impact-resistant molded polypropylene). Such toilets could be moved to, or replicated in, other areas in need after the emergency (peri-urban areas or slums). This would provide benefits for Millennium Development Goals achievements (targets on hunger, child mortality, sanitation and slum dwellers) at lower cost than conventional sanitation systems. Costs for sanitation systems should be compared based on the entire system (toilet, transport, treatment, reuse in agriculture), using Net Present Value analysis for capital, and operating and maintenance costs.

scholarly journals Evaluating Landscape Attractiveness with Geospatial Data, a Case Study in Flanders, Belgium

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Astrid Vannoppen ◽  
Jeroen Degerickx ◽  
Anne Gobin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Landscape Indicators ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Quality

Attractive landscapes are diverse and resilient landscapes that provide a multitude of essential ecosystem services. The development of landscape policy to protect and improve landscape attractiveness, thereby ensuring the provision of ecosystem services, is ideally adapted to region specific landscape characteristics. In addition, trends in landscape attractiveness may be linked to certain policies, or the absence of policies over time. A spatial and temporal evaluation of landscape attractiveness is thus desirable for landscape policy development. In this paper, landscape attractiveness was spatially evaluated for Flanders (Belgium) using landscape indicators derived from geospatial data as a case study. Large local differences in landscape quality in (i) rural versus urban areas and (ii) between the seven agricultural regions in Flanders were found. This observed spatial variability in landscape attractiveness demonstrated that a localized approach, considering the geophysical characteristics of each individual region, would be required in the development of landscape policy to improve landscape quality in Flanders. Some trends in landscape attractiveness were related to agriculture in Flanders, e.g., a slight decrease in total agricultural area, decrease in dominance of grassland, maize and cereals, a decrease in crop diversity, sharp increase in the adoption of agri-environmental agreements (AEA) and a decrease in bare soil conditions in winter. The observed trends and spatial variation in landscape attractiveness can be used as a tool to support policy analysis, assess the potential effects of future policy plans, identify policy gaps and evaluate past landscape policy.

scholarly journals Factors associated with food safety compliance among street food vendors in Can Tho city, Vietnam: implications for intervention activity design and implementation

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ba Huynh-Van ◽  
Vy Vuong-Thao ◽  
Tuyen Huynh-Thi-Thanh ◽  
Sinh Dang-Xuan ◽  
Tung Huynh-Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Intervention Activity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hygiene Compliance ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Can Tho City

Abstract Background Street food plays a valuable role in several Asian countries including Vietnam. Improving the safety of street food is an important responsibility for many local food authorities. This study aims to characterize the business profile of fixed and mobile street food vendors, and to compare their compliance with the food safety criteria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire and observational checklist to assess the ten Vietnamese food safety criteria prescribed under Decision No. 3199/2000/QD-BYT for street food vendors in Can Tho city. A total of 400 street food vendors, composed of fixed and mobile vendors, in urban areas of the city were randomly selected for the survey. Results The study showed significant differences between the two types of street food vendors in educational level (p = 0.017); business profile, including types of foods vended, area in use, number of employees, training in food safety, and business registration paperwork; and the status of compliance with the ten-food hygiene and safety criteria (p < 0.01). Poisson regression analysis found that education attainment (IRR = 1.228, p = 0.015), food safety training (IRR = 4.855, p < 0.01), total business capital (IRR = 1.004, p = 0.031) and total area in use (IRR = 1.007, p = 0.001) appeared to be significantly positively associated with food safety and hygiene compliance. In contrast, mobile vending type was negatively associated with the likelihood of adhering to the ten criteria (IRR = 0.547, p = 0.005). Conclusions These findings emphasize the need for training and education programs to improve food safety knowledge and practice among street food vendors. Basic infrastructure and services, especially clean water, proper sanitation, and waste disposal facilities, should be provided to help street food vendors better practice food safety and hygiene regulations.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

scholarly journals Consumers Preferences for Plant Size, Type of Plant Material and Design Sophistication in Residential Landscaping

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Hardy ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Susan S. Barton ◽  
Thomas J. Page ◽  
Robert E. Schutzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Home Value ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Residential Landscaping

Abstract How much value do consumers place on a good landscape? Self-selected attendees to a Detroit, MI, flower show indicated that plant size was the most important factor in the perceived value of a landscape. Holding other factors equal, increasing from the smallest size plant generally available for installation to the largest size defined in our study increased perceived home value by 5.0%. Design sophistication was almost as important as size. Holding other factors equal, upgrading from a traditional foundation planting to a sophisticated design that incorporated multiple bed and curved bedlines increased perceived home value by 4.5%. The type of plant material used was the least important. The relative importance of plant material selection as a factor contributing value added to the home by the landscape was almost half that of plant size and over 40% less than design sophistication. The conjoint model produced from 158 survey responses predicted that from the least valued landscape to the most valued landscape the perceived value of the home increased 12.7%.

scholarly journals Key problems of seismic zoning of urban areas adjacent to the Mongolia-Siberian region (by the example of Erdenet town)

2011 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
VI Dzhurik ◽  
T Dugarmaa ◽  
SP Serebrennikov ◽  
Ts Batsaikhan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Seismic Zoning ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Activity Areas ◽  
Typical Soil

The first approximation approach to seismic zoning of the areas adjacent to the Mongolia-Siberian region has been followed by the example of Erdenet town. The grounds have been given for problematic stages of working: study of some regular trends of seismic setting and current level of initial seismicity of the area; identification of seismic activity areas and assessment of their seismic potential; seismic modeling of sites with the most typical soil conditions; model theoretical calculating of basic parameters of seismic effects and model zoning of the investigated area. Technically, the stages of Erdenet town case study can serve as a basis for seismic zoning of the areas of interest that are adjacent to the Mongolia-Siberian region.The work has been done under financial support of RFBR project No. 07-05- 90111.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.38Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2007 No 4 pp.17-35

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