Chemical genetic interactions of New Zealand bee products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

10.26686/wgtn.17013644.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Nazmi bin Harith Fadzilah

Keyword(s):

Iron Acquisition ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Model Organism ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Bee Venom ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Chemical Genetic ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Radical Scavenging Properties

<p>Propolis, bee venom and bee pollen all have been used by humans traditionally for various medicinal purposes. Studies of these products have been limited primarily to antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer and free radical scavenging properties. The mechanisms of action of these products remain largely unknown. This study investigates the biological effects of propolis, bee venom and bee pollen using chemical genomics and the yeast model organism. These products are screened against genome-wide yeast mutant libraries to determine the genes, proteins, and pathways that are targets of these products. I identified that propolis chelates iron and consequently creates an iron-deficient condition, which results in the upregulation of plasma membrane and vacuolar high-affinity iron transporters to maximise iron acquisition. Bee venom inhibited the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine via Opi3p that catalyses the final two steps of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis within the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. Bee pollen showed a potential effect on GDP-mannose transport in which the GDP-mannose transport mutants confer hypersensitivity against bee pollen treatment.</p>

Download Full-text

The Mechanisms Behind the Biological Activity of Flavonoids

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666180706104829 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (39) ◽

pp. 6976-6990 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ana María González-Paramás ◽

Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽

Sofía Martínez ◽

Susana González-Manzano ◽

Celestino Santos-Buelga

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Model Organism ◽

Stress Theory ◽

Radical Scavenging Properties

: Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the human diet. Their intake has been associated with a decreased risk of different diseases such as cancer, immune dysfunction or coronary heart disease. However, the knowledge about the mechanisms behind their in vivo activity is limited and still under discussion. For years, their bioactivity was associated with the direct antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of phenolic compounds, but nowadays this assumption is unlikely to explain their putative health effects, or at least to be the only explanation for them. New hypotheses about possible mechanisms have been postulated, including the influence of the interaction of polyphenols and gut microbiota and also the possibility that flavonoids or their metabolites could modify gene expression or act as potential modulators of intracellular signaling cascades. This paper reviews all these topics, from the classical view as antioxidants in the context of the Oxidative Stress theory to the most recent tendencies related with the modulation of redox signaling pathways, modification of gene expression or interactions with the intestinal microbiota. The use of C. elegans as a model organism for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in biological activity of flavonoids is also discussed.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of The Dps protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens does not bind to DNA but protects it toward oxidative cleavage: x-ray crystal structure, iron binding, and hydroxyl-radical scavenging properties.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1004064.191655 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Theil

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽

Hydroxyl Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Oxidative Cleavage ◽

Iron Binding ◽

X Ray ◽

Radical Scavenging Properties ◽

Dps Protein

Download Full-text

Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from Ecuadorian Endemic Species Croton ferrugineus and Its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154608 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4608

Author(s):

Eduardo Valarezo ◽

Génesis Gaona-Granda ◽

Vladimir Morocho ◽

Luis Cartuche ◽

James Calva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Total Composition ◽

Radical Scavenging Properties

Croton ferrugineus Kunth is an endemic species of Ecuador used in traditional medicine both for wound healing and as an antiseptic. In this study, fresh Croton ferrugineus leaves were collected and subjected to hydrodistillation for extraction of the essential oil. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column. The antibacterial activity was assayed against three Gram-positive bacteria, one Gram-negative bacterium and one dermatophyte fungus. The radical scavenging properties of the essential oil was evaluated by means of DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify thirty-five compounds representing more than 99.95% of the total composition. Aliphatic sesquiterpene hydrocarbon trans-caryophyllene was the main constituent with 20.47 ± 1.25%. Other main compounds were myrcene (11.47 ± 1.56%), β-phellandrene (10.55 ± 0.02%), germacrene D (7.60 ± 0.60%), and α-humulene (5.49 ± 0.38%). The essential oil from Croton ferrugineus presented moderate activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) with an MIC of 1000 μg/mL, a scavenging capacity SC50 of 901 ± 20 µg/mL with the ABTS method, and very strong antiglucosidase activity with an IC50 of 146 ± 20 µg/mL.

Download Full-text

Chemical Analysis, Toxicity Study, and Free-Radical Scavenging and Iron-Binding Assays Involving Coffee (Coffea arabica) Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4169

Author(s):

Nuntouchaporn Hutachok ◽

Pimpisid Koonyosying ◽

Tanachai Pankasemsuk ◽

Pongsak Angkasith ◽

Chaiwat Chumpun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Coffee Bean ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Roasted Coffee ◽

Instant Coffee ◽

Radical Scavenging Properties

We aimed to analyze the chemical compositions in Arabica coffee bean extracts, assess the relevant antioxidant and iron-chelating activities in coffee extracts and instant coffee, and evaluate the toxicity in roasted coffee. Coffee beans were extracted using boiling, drip-filtered and espresso brewing methods. Certain phenolics were investigated including trigonelline, caffeic acid and their derivatives, gallic acid, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and their derivatives, p-coumaroylquinic acid, p-coumaroyl glucoside, the rutin and syringic acid that exist in green and roasted coffee extracts, along with dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeoylarbutin and cymaroside that may be present in green coffee bean extracts. Different phytochemicals were also detected in all of the coffee extracts. Roasted coffee extracts and instant coffees exhibited free-radical scavenging properties in a dose-dependent manner, for which drip coffee was observed to be the most effective (p < 0.05). All coffee extracts, instant coffee varieties and CGA could effectively bind ferric ion in a concentration-dependent manner resulting in an iron-bound complex. Roasted coffee extracts were neither toxic to normal mononuclear cells nor breast cancer cells. The findings indicate that phenolics, particularly CGA, could effectively contribute to the iron-chelating and free-radical scavenging properties observed in coffee brews. Thus, coffee may possess high pharmacological value and could be utilized as a health beverage.

Download Full-text

Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 343

Author(s):

Javier Marhuenda ◽

Débora Villaño ◽

Raúl Arcusa ◽

Pilar Zafrilla

Keyword(s):

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Melatonin Receptors ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Sleep Cycle ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Neuroprotective Actions ◽

Radical Scavenging Properties

Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the pineal gland with several functions, especially regulation of circadian sleep cycle and the biological processes related to it. This review evaluates the bioavailability of melatonin and resulting metabolites, the presence of melatonin in wine and beer and factors that influence it, and finally the different benefits related to treatment with melatonin. When administered orally, melatonin is mainly absorbed in the rectum and the ileum; it has a half-life of about 0.45–1 h and is extensively inactivated in the liver by phase 2 enzymes. Melatonin (MEL) concentration varies from picograms to ng/mL in fermented beverages such as wine and beer, depending on the fermentation process. These low quantities, within a dietary intake, are enough to reach significant plasma concentrations of melatonin, and are thus able to exert beneficial effects. Melatonin has demonstrated antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective actions. These benefits are related to its free radical scavenging properties as well and the direct interaction with melatonin receptors, which are involved in complex intracellular signaling pathways, including inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation, among others. In the present review, the current evidence on the effects of melatonin on different pathophysiological conditions is also discussed.

Download Full-text

Honeybee Pollen Extracts Reduce Oxidative Stress and Steatosis in Hepatic Cells

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Juan Esteban Oyarzún ◽

Marcelo E. Andia ◽

Sergio Uribe ◽

Paula Núñez Pizarro ◽

Gabriel Núñez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Cell Model ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Central Zone ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Quercetin Concentration

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Additional therapies using functional foods and dietary supplements have been investigated and used in clinical practice, showing them to be beneficial. Honeybee pollen from Chile has shown a large concentration of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity. In this work, we characterized twenty-eight bee pollen extracts from the central zone of Chile according to botanical origin, phenolic profile, quercetin concentration, and antioxidant activity (FRAP and ORAC-FL). Our results show a statistically significant positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Selected samples were evaluated on the ability to reverse the steatosis in an in vitro cell model using Hepa1-6 cells. The pollen extracts protected Hepa1-6 cells against oxidative damage triggered by 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)derived free radicals. This effect can be credited to the ability of the phenolic compounds present in the extract to protect the liver cells from chemical-induced injury, which might be correlated to their free radical scavenging potential. Additionally, bee pollen extracts reduce lipid accumulation in a cellular model of steatosis. In summary, our results support the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-steatosis effect of bee pollen in an in vitro model.

Download Full-text