scholarly journals Digital Indigenous Craft: Expressing Māori Culture through Computational tools in Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Durcan
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Architectural Framework ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Design Skills

<p>Within present architectural discourse, there is universal concern that contemporary architectural processes efface the culture of indigenous communities, resulting in the homogenisation of architecture globally.  The imminent question therefore is; how can the assimilation of digital tools and indigenous culture be a catalyst to empower culturally embodied architecture that responds to our indigenous Māori identity and spirit, without falling into architectural homogeneity?  Working in direct conjunction with Ngai Tāmanuhi-ri Iwi (tribal group), on the poignant site, Te Kurī-a-Pāoa (Young Nicks Head), this thesis initiates dialogue to investigate the amalgamation of progressive digital fabrication techniques and the rich cultural identity and Mātauranga Māori (cultural knowledge) of Ngai Tāmanuhiri. Subsequently, a pavilion, incorporatinga locally inspired ‘whai’ (stingray) motif has been designed providing an architectural framework to facilitate design-led research. One-uku (clay), has been identified early as an indigenous material with enormous potential and led to the development of custom-built additive fabrication tools that can elevate this abundant local material for use within the architectural sphere. A secondary focus of this research is the development of computational (parametric) and analogue workflows to enable the production of architectural scale ceramic modules.  Ultimately, this thesis argues that when computational design skills are ulilised alongside indigenous knowledge, digitally produced artefacts are capable of becoming meaningful for all.</p>

scholarly journals Digital Indigenous Craft: Expressing Māori Culture through Computational tools in Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Durcan
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Architectural Framework ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Design Skills

<p>Within present architectural discourse, there is universal concern that contemporary architectural processes efface the culture of indigenous communities, resulting in the homogenisation of architecture globally.  The imminent question therefore is; how can the assimilation of digital tools and indigenous culture be a catalyst to empower culturally embodied architecture that responds to our indigenous Māori identity and spirit, without falling into architectural homogeneity?  Working in direct conjunction with Ngai Tāmanuhi-ri Iwi (tribal group), on the poignant site, Te Kurī-a-Pāoa (Young Nicks Head), this thesis initiates dialogue to investigate the amalgamation of progressive digital fabrication techniques and the rich cultural identity and Mātauranga Māori (cultural knowledge) of Ngai Tāmanuhiri. Subsequently, a pavilion, incorporatinga locally inspired ‘whai’ (stingray) motif has been designed providing an architectural framework to facilitate design-led research. One-uku (clay), has been identified early as an indigenous material with enormous potential and led to the development of custom-built additive fabrication tools that can elevate this abundant local material for use within the architectural sphere. A secondary focus of this research is the development of computational (parametric) and analogue workflows to enable the production of architectural scale ceramic modules.  Ultimately, this thesis argues that when computational design skills are ulilised alongside indigenous knowledge, digitally produced artefacts are capable of becoming meaningful for all.</p>

scholarly journals Computation and Learning Partnerships: Lessons from Wood Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Mariapaola Riggio ◽  
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Collaborative ◽  
Design Skills

Examining an interdisciplinary university course for architecture, wood science, and engineering students, this paper studies how the students’ ability to master digital workflows influenced their success in learning collaborative design skills. It highlights potential challenges and opportunities posed by the introduction of new digital tools to support emerging integrated building design in both education and professional practice. The particular course focuses on the wood industry, which is rapidly changing from a very traditional to a highly innovative sector and increasingly embracing the latest technological developments in computational design, simulation, and digital fabrication. This study explores the influence of parametric design on collaboration dynamics and workflow within an interdisciplinary group of students embodying the roles of manufacturer, engineer, and architect. Student-generated data of the first three years of the class is analyzed thematically to find correlations with productive collaborations. Focusing on a stage of an evolving teaching and learning process, this analysis allows identifications of common themes and patterns, suggesting implications for practice and future research. The course highlights the need to integrate data interoperability, collaboration skill-building, and material awareness in contemporary digitally enabled architecture, engineering, and construction education. The lessons learned in this course can be of value to academic programs and professional firms involved in incorporating digital design and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Molecular Design of Peptide-Fc Fusion Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Ning ◽  
Bifang He ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Ratmir Derda ◽  
Jian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Fusion Technology ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Biological Therapeutics ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Tools And Methods

Background:Peptide-Fc fusion drugs, also known as peptibodies, are a category of biological therapeutics in which the Fc region of an antibody is genetically fused to a peptide of interest. However, to develop such kind of drugs is laborious and expensive. Rational design is urgently needed.Methods:We summarized the key steps in peptide-Fc fusion technology and stressed the main computational resources, tools, and methods that had been used in the rational design of peptide-Fc fusion drugs. We also raised open questions about the computer-aided molecular design of peptide-Fc.Results:The design of peptibody consists of four steps. First, identify peptide leads from native ligands, biopanning, and computational design or prediction. Second, select the proper Fc region from different classes or subclasses of immunoglobulin. Third, fuse the peptide leads and Fc together properly. At last, evaluate the immunogenicity of the constructs. At each step, there are quite a few useful resources and computational tools.Conclusion:Reviewing the molecular design of peptibody will certainly help make the transition from peptide leads to drugs on the market quicker and cheaper.

scholarly journals Adaptive Strategies for Mud Shell Robotic Fabrication

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Chaltiel Stephanie ◽  
Bravo Maite ◽  
Ibrahim Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Robotic Fabrication ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Full Scale Tests

The digital fabrication of monolithic shell structures is presenting some challenges related to the interface between computational design, materialist, and fabrication techniques. This research proposes a singular method for the sequential robotic spray deposition in layers of diverse clay mixes over a temporary fabric form-work pulled in between peripheral and cross section arches. This process relies mainly on the continuity of the construction phases for stability and durability but has encountered some challenges in physical tests related to sagging, displacement, and deformations during the robotic deposition of the material. Adaptive strategies during the digital fabrication stages are proposed for a sequential exploration of the geometry, structural analysis, and construction techniques. Alternative adjustments of protocols for the robotic material deposition include both predictable and unsuspected behaviors preventing the structure to reach non-viable geometric thresholds. Two case studies of physical tests describe, analyze, and simulate some of these strategies and identify specific parameters inquiring the sequential adjustments of the robotic material deposition. These strategies will drive future full-scale tests within a sustainable use of materials and adaptive construction methods, seeking an optimized structural performance that could open a new chapter for the digital fabrication of earthen shells.

scholarly journals Finding the Key: Designing Timber Connections for CLT Panels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gabriella Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Timber Connections ◽  
Mass Timber

<p>In a climate where standard methods of construction are being challenged, developments in engineered timbers are allowing mass timber construction to be explored as a sustainable alternative to traditional building methods. Cross- laminated timber (CLT) is at the forefront of this evolution and, with the advancement in computational design and digital fabrication tools, there lies an opportunity to redefine standard construction. This project explores how digital modelling and advance digital fabrication can be combined to generate a connection system for CLT panels.  The advantages of CLT and mass timber construction are numerous and range from environmental and aesthetic benefits to site safety and cost reduction benefits. There are, however, issues that remain surrounding the connections between CLT panels. Steurer (2006, p.136) stated that, “Progress in engineered timber construction is directly related to developments in connector technology.” This thesis creates connections inspired by traditional Japanese joinery that have been adapted to be used for the panel construction of CLT structures. Using CLT offcuts as a primary connection material, the system not only reduces waste but also mitigates thermal bridging and lowers the number of connection points whilst increasing the ease of building and fabrication.  The connections are first considered at a detail scale. They use the literature review and case studies as a base for design before being tested using digitally fabricated prototypes. These prototypes are evaluated against a framework created in line with the aforementioned criteria. Within this framework, the connections are analysed against existing connection systems as well as previous designs to establish a successful system. The connections are then evaluated within the context of a building scale and considers large-scale fabrication and on- site assembly whilst continuing to focus on the reduction of waste. This research found that the simplicity of the connections is key to a successful system as this allows for faster and cheaper fabrication and installation. However, there is still further research needed surrounding large-scale fabrication and the structural capacity of timber connection systems.</p>

Empowering Aboriginal Families as Their Children’s First Teachers of Cultural Knowledge, Languages and Identity at Galiwin’ku FaFT Playgroup

2021 ◽  
pp. 183693912110389
Author(s):  
Dorothy Gapany ◽  
Marilyn Murukun ◽  
Jessica Goveas ◽  
Jonica Dhurrkay ◽  
Verity Burarrwanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Daily Interactions ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Aboriginal Children

Embracing and embedding the rich cultural knowledge, languages, concepts and skills that Aboriginal families and children bring to playgroup is key to empowering families as their children’s first teachers and strengthening young children’s self-esteem, pride, confidence and identities. In this article, we share our story of how we have explored and upheld the strengths of Yolŋu identity, cultural knowledge and language in the Galiwin’ku Families as First Teachers (FaFT) playgroup early educational program. We highlight the ways we have supported mothers to embed gesture, sign language, Yolngu Matha language conventions, Yolŋu kinship, clan concepts and dance into their daily interactions with their children at FaFT. We reflect on what has empowered mothers to feel agentic in their children’s learning in these playgroups and to build strong Yolŋu identities in young children and argue that playgroup is a vital educational platform through which to deliver culturally meaningful early learning experiences for Aboriginal children prior to preschool.

The question of access: Toward an equitable future of computational design

2021 ◽  
pp. 147807712110253
Author(s):  
Vernelle AA Noel ◽  
Yana Boeva ◽  
Hayri Dortdivanlioglu
Keyword(s):  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Design Pedagogy ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Perceptual Interaction

Digital fabrication and its cultivated spaces promise to break disciplinary boundaries and enable access to its technologies and computation for the broader public. This paper examines the trope of “access” in digital fabrication, design, and craft, and illustrates how it unfolds in these spaces and practices. An equitable future is one that builds on and creates space for multiple bodies, knowledges, and skills; allows perceptual interaction and corporeal engagement with people, materials, and tools; and employs technologies accessible to broad groups of society. By conducting comparative and transnational ethnographic studies at digital fabrication and crafting sites, and performing craft-centered computational design studies, we offer a critical description of what access looks like in an equitable future that includes digital fabrication. The study highlights the need to examine universal conceptions and study how they are operationalized in broader narratives and design pedagogy traditions.

Survival of the Fittest Protection of Indigenous Knowledge

2022 ◽  
pp. 294-316
Author(s):  
Stewart Lee Kugara ◽  
Tsetselelani Decide Mdhluli ◽  
Pfarelo Eva Matshidze
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Legal Methodology ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest

This chapter reflects on numerous protections that are available for indigenous knowledge from those who misappropriate it for personal aggrandizement without regard of the holders of the knowledge. The chapter is underpinned on the Afrocentricity and Sankofa theories. A socio-legal methodology was adopted to ground the work to enable students studying indigenous knowledge systems to have a foundation and be able to follow the interdisciplinarity in the writing. As such, a doctrinal approach and qualitative design were engaged to buttress the philosophical reasoning and capture the rich and unrecorded knowledge of inorganic intellectuals. The chapter's standpoint is that the protection of indigenous knowledge requires African-tailored legislation that resonates with indigenous communities' beliefs and are pragmatic yet innovative to bring benefit sharing. In pursuing this, a normative legal framework that could be utilised in the protection of indigenous knowledge is explored.

Identity Meanings and Categorical Inequality

2019 ◽  
pp. 267-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly B. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Affect Control Theory ◽  
Affect Control ◽  
The People ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Rich

I use affect control theory (ACT) to show how we apply cultural knowledge to classify and form impressions of the people we encounter, producing inequality as widely shared cultural beliefs are translated into predictable patterns of social action. I apply ACT measurement dimensions (evaluation, potency, and activity) to show that cultural beliefs about social groups, known as “social identity meanings,” convey groups’ relative positions within systems of inequality such as race/ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexuality, religion, and social class. I find that privileged groups (e.g., whites, the rich, heterosexuals, Americans, and Christians) are higher in power (potency) but lower in status (evaluation) than other groups across dimensions of inequality. This meaning profile is shared by roles, traits, and behaviors that signify authority across diverse social domains. I consider the implications of these findings and of ACT more broadly for understanding how inequalities reflected in cultural meanings are often reproduced through interactions.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Virtual Gelatin Model Using Molecular Modeling Computational Tools

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Radosinski ◽  
Karolina Labus ◽  
Piotr Zemojtel ◽  
Jakub W. Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Fractional Free Volume ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Solubility Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Hansen Solubility

To successfully design and optimize the application of hydrogel matrices one has to effectively combine computational design tools with experimental methods. In this context, one of the most promising techniques is molecular modeling, which requires however accurate molecular models representing the investigated material. Although this method has been successfully used over the years for predicting the properties of polymers, its application to biopolymers, including gelatin, is limited. In this paper we provide a method for creating an atomistic representation of gelatin based on the modified FASTA codes of natural collagen. We show that the model created in this manner reproduces known experimental values of gelatin properties like density, glass-rubber transition temperature, WAXS profile and isobaric thermal expansion coefficient. We also present that molecular dynamics using the INTERFACE force field provides enough accuracy to track changes of density, fractional free volume and Hansen solubility coefficient over a narrow temperature regime (273–318 K) with 1 K accuracy. Thus we depict that using molecular dynamics one can predict properties of gelatin biopolymer as an efficient matrix for immobilization of various bioactive compounds, including enzymes.

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