scholarly journals A Curated Cacophony: Implementing an Intangible

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Oliver Wright
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
The North ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Convex Curves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Target Design ◽  
Acoustic Measure

<p>This research investigates a progression away from acoustics formed by spaces and towards spaces that are driven by target acoustics. Despite architecture and acoustics’ shared consideration of form, materiality and inhabitation, too often acoustics is neglected from design and so is treated remedially, nullifying creativity. A case study project was undertaken to investigate the opportunities and limitations of two parametric tools, Galapagos (a generative solver) and Pachyderm (an acoustic simulation tool), to develop acoustic qualities in early architectural design. Yet, what are these acoustic qualities and how could they be measured? Testing of cafes in the Wellington CBD was undertaken to investigate these questions.  Six cafes were acoustically tested and five patrons from each of these completed a subjective survey. The café testing suggested that Reverberation Time (RT) could be an effective acoustic measure to direct architectural design. The café with the lowest patron enjoyment rating also recorded the longest RT and highest Sound Pressure Level (SPL), reinforcing the relationship between these three elements. Through these findings, patron enjoyment was concluded to be dependent on SPL and SPL was concluded to be dependent on RT (Whitlock and Dodd, 424). In order to increase patron enjoyment, Galapagos was utilised to explore possible forms that met a target design RT of 0.7 seconds. An RT of 0.7 seconds was chosen as it was shorter than the AS/NZS 2107 (2000) maximum and was comparable to the cafés with the two highest subjective enjoyment ratings.  Through a parametric and analogue design methodology, Galapagos and Pachyderm were used to investigate how acoustic goals could shape a café design. The case study project produced a design that not only meets this acoustic criterion but harnesses form to sculpt sound. Instead of applying absorption to flat surfaces, the convex curves on the north and east facades disperse sound, producing both a diffuse environment and an engaging architectural element. This integrated investigation demonstrated that a parametric and analogue design process can be implemented to create a acoustically and architecturally effective design.</p>

scholarly journals A Curated Cacophony: Implementing an Intangible

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Oliver Wright
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
The North ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Convex Curves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Target Design ◽  
Acoustic Measure

<p>This research investigates a progression away from acoustics formed by spaces and towards spaces that are driven by target acoustics. Despite architecture and acoustics’ shared consideration of form, materiality and inhabitation, too often acoustics is neglected from design and so is treated remedially, nullifying creativity. A case study project was undertaken to investigate the opportunities and limitations of two parametric tools, Galapagos (a generative solver) and Pachyderm (an acoustic simulation tool), to develop acoustic qualities in early architectural design. Yet, what are these acoustic qualities and how could they be measured? Testing of cafes in the Wellington CBD was undertaken to investigate these questions.  Six cafes were acoustically tested and five patrons from each of these completed a subjective survey. The café testing suggested that Reverberation Time (RT) could be an effective acoustic measure to direct architectural design. The café with the lowest patron enjoyment rating also recorded the longest RT and highest Sound Pressure Level (SPL), reinforcing the relationship between these three elements. Through these findings, patron enjoyment was concluded to be dependent on SPL and SPL was concluded to be dependent on RT (Whitlock and Dodd, 424). In order to increase patron enjoyment, Galapagos was utilised to explore possible forms that met a target design RT of 0.7 seconds. An RT of 0.7 seconds was chosen as it was shorter than the AS/NZS 2107 (2000) maximum and was comparable to the cafés with the two highest subjective enjoyment ratings.  Through a parametric and analogue design methodology, Galapagos and Pachyderm were used to investigate how acoustic goals could shape a café design. The case study project produced a design that not only meets this acoustic criterion but harnesses form to sculpt sound. Instead of applying absorption to flat surfaces, the convex curves on the north and east facades disperse sound, producing both a diffuse environment and an engaging architectural element. This integrated investigation demonstrated that a parametric and analogue design process can be implemented to create a acoustically and architecturally effective design.</p>

The relationship among environmental variables, jellyfish and non-gelatinous zooplankton: A case study in the north of the Gulf of Oman

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. e12476
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Pourjomeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shokri ◽  
Hamid Rezai ◽  
Hassan Rajabi-Maham ◽  
Elham Maghsoudlou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Gelatinous Zooplankton ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals POLA PENATAAN RUANG PANTI JOMPO BERDASARKAN AKTIVITAS DAN PERILAKU PENGHUNINYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Evian Devi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Physical Comfort ◽  
The Relationship

Title: Living Arrangement Pattern Nursing Home Occupants Based Activities and BehaviorPhysical comfort in a building can give an effect to the psychological inhabitans. In the design of nursing homes, where the residents are elderly, certainly they have a different physical comfort with a younger people. The degenerative disease on elderly cause the need for special attention in architecture, especially on safety and comfort. Currently the nursing homes, mostly do not noticed it well, so still discovered lots of the elderlies got an accident and depressed in a nursing home. This research purpose to know the relationship between the aspects of both comfort and safety for elderly in nursing home that can make the elderly feel comfortable and happy living in their residence. The methods of this research is as follows: first, understand the criteria of elderly in related literatures and observations regarding to the elderly and other related literatures that subscribe with safety and comfort. Second, the literatures study were used to analyze the case study such as Nursing Home Wisma Mulia (Jakarta), Nursing Home Senjarawi (Bandung), and Nursing Home Muara Kasih (Bogor). The results of analysis from the case studies based on the literature, produce an architectural design criteria for the review occupancy elderly. The results of this research concluded that the design of the comfortable and safe against risk of any accident that may occur to the elderly, provided a circulation which can be passes by two wheelchairs at once and freeway, provided handrail in the circulation, provided ramp in any difference level of floor, and using a contrast color but dominant in light and warm color. The other considerations are the availability nostalgic room, playroom for children and the other facility that make the frequency of their families, visiting more often.Keywords: Elderly , safety , comfort , nursing homes.

scholarly journals Considering the relationship of slope and soil loss on skid trails in the north of Iran (a case study)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akbarimehr ◽  
H. Jalilvand
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
The North ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

With increasing mechanization of forest harvesting operations the impacts on soil have increased quite dramatically. The objective of this paper was to examine the relationship of slope and soil loss. This research was carried out in parcels 14 and 26 of the third district of Nav-Asalem forest in the north of Iran. Erosion plots were 75, 150 and 225 m<sup>2</sup> with two slope classes. After each rainfall event the amount of runoff was measured; then, a sample was taken to determine the weight of soil loss. The results of correlation analysis by Pearson&rsquo;s test between soil loss and slope classes, soil loss and slope length showed that there was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) and positive correlation between the mentioned factors. Also, linear regression between soil loss, slope length and slope gradient was significant. It could be concluded that studying and underlying factors that increase soil loss such as soil type, rainfall intensity, should also be taken into consideration in future. Skid trail construction and skidding should be limited to the slope of &lt; 20%; machine traffic should be restricted. The above-mentioned conclusions can be applied to proper harvesting and management of forest ecosystems.&nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals On the relationship between the scattering phase function of cirrus and the atmospheric state

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1105-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Baran ◽  
K. Furtado ◽  
L.-C. Labonnote ◽  
S. Havemann ◽  
J.-C. Thelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Function ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
The North ◽  
Scattering Phase ◽  
Scattering Phase Function ◽  
Nwp Model ◽  
Phase Functions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. This is the first paper to investigate the relationship between the shape of the scattering phase function of cirrus and the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi, using space-based solar radiometric angle-dependent measurements. The relationship between RHi and the complexity of ice crystals has been previously studied using data from aircraft field campaigns and laboratory cloud chambers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies to date that explore this relationship through the use of remotely sensed space-based angle-dependent solar radiometric measurements. In this paper, one case study of semi-transparent cirrus, which occurred on 25 January 2010 off the north-east coast of Scotland, is used to explore the possibility of such a relationship. Moreover, for the first time, RHi fields predicted by a high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) model are combined with satellite retrievals of ice crystal complexity. The NWP model was initialised at midnight, on 25 January 2010, and the mid-latitude RHi field was extracted from the NWP model at 13:00 UTC. At about the same time, there was a PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectance for Atmospheric science coupled with Observations from a Lidar) overpass, and the PARASOL swath covered the NWP-model-predicted RHi field. The cirrus case was located over Scotland and the North Sea. From the satellite channel based at 0.865 μm, the directionally averaged and directional spherical albedos were retrieved between the scattering angles of about 80 and 130°. An ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals is used to predict phase functions that vary between phase functions that exhibit optical features (referred to as pristine) and featureless phase functions. For each of the PARASOL pixels, the phase function that best minimised differences between the spherical albedos was selected. This paper reports, for this one case study, an association between the most featureless phase function model and the highest values of NWP-predicted RHi (i.e. when RHi > 1.0). For pixels associated with NWP-model-predicted RHi < 1, it was impossible to generally discriminate between phase function models at the 5% significance level. It is also shown that the NWP model prediction of the vertical profile of RHi is in good agreement with dropsonde, in situ measurements and independent aircraft-based physical retrievals of RHi. Furthermore, the NWP model prediction of the cirrus cloud-top height and its vertical extent is also found to be in good agreement with aircraft-based lidar measurements.

Conflicting Interests: The British and Irish Suffrage Movements

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Ward
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Political Union ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
The North ◽  
National Question ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
British State ◽  
Feminist Movements ◽  
The Relationship

This article uses a case-study of the relationship between the British suffrage organization, the Women's Social and Political Union, and its equivalent on the Irish side, the Irish Women's Franchise League, in order to illuminate some consequences of the colonial relationship between Britain and Ireland. As political power was located within the British state, and the British feminist movement enjoyed superior resources, the Irish movement was at a disadvantage. This was compounded by serious internal divisions within the Irish movement — a product of the dispute over Ireland's constitutional future — which prevented the Franchise League, sympathetic to the nationalist demand for independence — from establishing a strong presence in the North. The consequences of the British movement organizing in Ireland, in particular their initiation of a militant campaign in the North, are explored in some detail, using evidence provided by letters from the participants. British intervention was clearly motivated from British-inspired concerns rather than from any solidarity with the situation of women in Ireland, proving to be disastrous for the Irish, accentuating their deep-rooted divisions. The overall argument is that feminism cannot be viewed in isolation from other political considerations. This case-study isolates the repercussions of Britain's imperial role for both British and Irish movements: ostensibly with a common objective but in reality divided by their differing response to the constitutional arrangement between the two countries. For this reason, historians of Irish feminist movements must give consideration to the importance of the ‘national question’ and display a more critical attitude towards the role played by Britain in Irish affairs.

scholarly journals ATLANTIC AND LOCAL: SCALES OF INTERDEPENDENCE IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

Almanack ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hart
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
United States Census ◽  
Plantation Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
Atlantic Economy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Using Charleston, South Carolina, USA, as a case-study, this article argues that this interplay of scales and, more specifically unequal scales, was just as important to fostering the growth of globally-connected cities in the early modern Atlantic. In the course of the eighteenth century, Charleston grew from a few thousand inhabitants to one of the largest cities in the North Atlantic with a population of roughly 15,000 at the first United States Census in 1790. Historians have customarily attributed this growth to the simultaneous expansion of the plantation economy, which produced mainly rice and indigo. Nevertheless, there were a host of complex local processes at play that also contributed to Charleston’s importance, which have until recently been almost completely overlooked by scholars. Delving into the relationship between the local and the global is essential to fully understanding both the reason’s for Charleston’s growth and its critical role in connecting the region to the Atlantic economy.

scholarly journals SuperGrand’s : la tipografía como elemento integrado en la obra temprana de Robert Venturi, 1962-1969 = Typography as an element integrated into the early work of Robert Venturi, 1962-1969

2020 ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Esteban Maluenda ◽  
Enrique Encabo Seguí
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Robert Venturi ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

ResumenEste texto pretende demostrar la importancia de la integración de los sistemas tipográficos en el proyecto arquitectónico a partir del análisis de la reforma del Grand’s Restaurant (Filadelfia, 1962) de Robert Venturi y William Short. Elegir este caso de estudio permite entender el impacto de este recurso en la etapa temprana de Venturi (1962-1969). El tema remite a contenidos y aspectos que, hasta la fecha, permanecen prácticamente inéditos a pesar de los muchos estudios dedicados a la obra y escritos del arquitecto. A pesar de su discreto tamaño y presupuesto, el Grand’s concen­tró de manera ejemplar tanto aspectos teóricos de la propia investigación de Venturi, como fue, asimismo, precursor de otras corrientes interdisciplinares del momento como Supergraphics. La escritura es aquí un elemento arquitectónico de ‹pleno derecho› que afecta a la interpretación del proyecto, a su carácter simbólico y su entendimiento como integrante del orden y la composición arquitectónicos.AbstractThis article, based on an analysis of the refurbishing of Grand’s Restaurant (Philadelphia, 1962), designed by Robert Venturi and William Short, aims to show the importance of integrating systems of typography into architectural design. Choosing this case study enables the impact of typogra­phy on Venturi’s early period (1962-1969) to be examined. The theme involves content and aspects which have remained virtually unexplored to date despite the many studies devoted to Ventu­ri’s architecture and those written by the architect himself. Despite its modest size and budget, Grand’s not only exemplarily condensed theoretical aspects of Venturi’s own investigation but also served as a precursor for other interdisciplinary trends of the time such as Supergraphics. Writing in Grand’s is a ‹fully-fledged› architectural element affecting the design’s interpretation, its symbolic nature and its understanding as part of an architectural order and composition.

scholarly journals Case Study of a Split Front and Associated Precipitation during the Mei-Yu Season

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Geng
Keyword(s):  
Deep Layer ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Upward Motion ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strong Upward Motion ◽  
Heavy Rains

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between a split front and precipitation over western Japan on 10–11 July 2007 based on data from routine observations and a global objective analysis. The split front formed at the leading edge of a dry intrusion overrunning a mei-yu front in a deep layer from the north. Strong upward motion was present ahead of the frontogenesis associated with the split front. In contrast, upward motion over the mei-yu front was suppressed by downward motion behind the split front. An intense rainband developed along the split front south of the mei-yu front. In contrast, precipitation over the mei-yu front gradually disappeared with the southward advance of the split front. Rainfall as heavy as 99 mm h−1 was observed under the rainband associated with the split front. The strong upward motion that induced heavy rains was attributed to the rising branch of the frontal circulation of the split front and the intense low-level convergence facilitated by the dry intrusion behind the split front. These findings indicate that split fronts have a substantial impact on the development and distribution of precipitation during the mei-yu season.

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