scholarly journals The 2011 Bangkok Floods: Live Peacefully (Yoo Hai Yen), Live Harmoniously (Yoo Hai Pen Suk)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sasathorn Inthasuwan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Flooding Disaster ◽  
Manufacturing Assembly ◽  
Technical Solutions

<p>Thailand’s Bangkok has experienced rapid population growth and subsequent expansion over recent decades. It has resulted in an unintentional increase in vulnerability within rural-residential and metropolis areas. Flood prevention strategies, such as dams, irrigation canals, and flood detention basin, and Kaem Ling ‘Green belt Embankment’, have been slowly built and activated in response to this suburban catastrophe (Vanno). In recent years, King Rama IX of Thailand, initiated Kaem Ling’s, ‘Monkey’s Cheek’s’ project; a reference to the common parable of an intelligent monkey storing its food in its saggy cheeks rather than swallowing. This has allowed the Western and Eastern suburbs of Bangkok to function as waterways, diverting the destructive water paths away to protect the metropolis.  Beginning in July 2011, a significant rainfall from the highlands of Thailand flooded down to Bangkok. With affected areas lying less than 10 metres above mean sea level and some as low as 1.5 metres, some areas remained flooded until January 2012. By October, the inundated metropolitan Bangkok began to negatively impact on industries, such as computers and automotive. Both critical supply networks for other manufacturing operations outside of Thailand. This ‘vulnerability’ where the inter-connectedness of economies could mean the closing of factories and manufacturing assembly lines in one country because of a flooding disaster in another had not been recognised.   The 2011 Thailand’s flooding death tolls surpassed 815 deaths (with 3 missing), affected 13.6 million people and classed 65 of Thailand’s 77 provinces as flood disaster zones (Benfield, 2012). During the extreme environmental activity, decisions were made to close several district gates in last-ditch efforts for protecting the metropolitan areas. This caused many other peri-urban areas of Bangkok to flood. These suburban areas were intended to act as waterways to protect the metropolis, but instead became a reservoir. Nimitmai 40 Road, situated in Khlong Sam Wa district, was in the middle of the 2011 flooding zones became the locus and main area of interest in this research.  Several initial studies, of precedence and technical data, explored objectives of building resilience in response to flooding and community. This research further utilised field study surveys, interviews, and case studies, all of which provided a wealth of information and contextual material. They contributed to design propositions developed through a series of critical reflections.  This research aimed to build community resilience, encapsulating spiritual elements in cultural and psychosocial elements of suburban Thai community’s livelihood and to provide flood resilience through both non-technical and technical solutions. Final outcomes of the design iterations suggested a merging of Thai monastery and community centre as a spiritual anchor for the community’s resilience and strengthen my neighbourhood’s sense of place.</p>

scholarly journals The 2011 Bangkok Floods: Live Peacefully (Yoo Hai Yen), Live Harmoniously (Yoo Hai Pen Suk)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sasathorn Inthasuwan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Flooding Disaster ◽  
Manufacturing Assembly ◽  
Technical Solutions

<p>Thailand’s Bangkok has experienced rapid population growth and subsequent expansion over recent decades. It has resulted in an unintentional increase in vulnerability within rural-residential and metropolis areas. Flood prevention strategies, such as dams, irrigation canals, and flood detention basin, and Kaem Ling ‘Green belt Embankment’, have been slowly built and activated in response to this suburban catastrophe (Vanno). In recent years, King Rama IX of Thailand, initiated Kaem Ling’s, ‘Monkey’s Cheek’s’ project; a reference to the common parable of an intelligent monkey storing its food in its saggy cheeks rather than swallowing. This has allowed the Western and Eastern suburbs of Bangkok to function as waterways, diverting the destructive water paths away to protect the metropolis.  Beginning in July 2011, a significant rainfall from the highlands of Thailand flooded down to Bangkok. With affected areas lying less than 10 metres above mean sea level and some as low as 1.5 metres, some areas remained flooded until January 2012. By October, the inundated metropolitan Bangkok began to negatively impact on industries, such as computers and automotive. Both critical supply networks for other manufacturing operations outside of Thailand. This ‘vulnerability’ where the inter-connectedness of economies could mean the closing of factories and manufacturing assembly lines in one country because of a flooding disaster in another had not been recognised.   The 2011 Thailand’s flooding death tolls surpassed 815 deaths (with 3 missing), affected 13.6 million people and classed 65 of Thailand’s 77 provinces as flood disaster zones (Benfield, 2012). During the extreme environmental activity, decisions were made to close several district gates in last-ditch efforts for protecting the metropolitan areas. This caused many other peri-urban areas of Bangkok to flood. These suburban areas were intended to act as waterways to protect the metropolis, but instead became a reservoir. Nimitmai 40 Road, situated in Khlong Sam Wa district, was in the middle of the 2011 flooding zones became the locus and main area of interest in this research.  Several initial studies, of precedence and technical data, explored objectives of building resilience in response to flooding and community. This research further utilised field study surveys, interviews, and case studies, all of which provided a wealth of information and contextual material. They contributed to design propositions developed through a series of critical reflections.  This research aimed to build community resilience, encapsulating spiritual elements in cultural and psychosocial elements of suburban Thai community’s livelihood and to provide flood resilience through both non-technical and technical solutions. Final outcomes of the design iterations suggested a merging of Thai monastery and community centre as a spiritual anchor for the community’s resilience and strengthen my neighbourhood’s sense of place.</p>

scholarly journals A multiscale assessment of Red-tailed Hawk reproductive success relative to urban density and habitat type

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin H White ◽  
Jessi L Brown ◽  
Zachary E Ormsby
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Hatch Date ◽  
Urban Density ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Abstract Despite the unique threats to wildlife in urban areas, many raptors have established successfully reproducing urban populations. To identify variations in raptor breeding ecology within an urban area, we compared metrics of Red-tailed Hawk reproductive attempts to landscape characteristics in Reno and Sparks, NV, USA during the 2015 and 2016 breeding seasons. We used the Apparent Nesting Success and logistic exposure methods to measure nesting success of the Red-tailed Hawks. We used generalized linear models to relate nesting success and fledge rate to habitat type, productivity to hatch date (Julian day) and hatch date to urban density. Nesting success was 86% and 83% for the respective years. Nesting success increased in grassland-agricultural and shrub habitats and decreased in riparian habitat within the urban landscape. Productivity was 2.23 and 2.03 per nest for the breeding seasons. Fledge rates were 72% and 77%, respectively, and decreased in riparian areas. Nestlings hatched earlier with increased urban density and earliest in suburban areas, following a negative quadratic curve. Nesting success and productivity for this population were high relative to others in North America. Productivity increased in habitats where ground prey was more accessible. We suggest that suburban areas, if not frequently disturbed, provide sufficient resources to sustain Red-tailed Hawks over extended periods. As urban expansion continues in arid environments globally, we stress that researchers monitor reproductive output across the urban predator guild to elucidate patterns in population dynamics and adaptation.

scholarly journals InSAR Multitemporal Data over Persistent Scatterers to Detect Floodwater in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Beletweyne, Somalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Luca Pulvirenti ◽  
Marco Chini ◽  
Nazzareno Pierdicca
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Interferometric Phase ◽  
Multitemporal Data

A stack of Sentinel-1 InSAR data in an urban area where flood events recurrently occur, namely Beletweyne town in Somalia, has been analyzed. From this analysis, a novel method to deal with the problem of flood mapping in urban areas has been derived. The approach assumes the availability of a map of persistent scatterers (PSs) inside the urban settlement and is based on the analysis of the temporal trend of the InSAR coherence and the spatial average of the exponential of the InSAR phase in each PS. Both interferometric products are expected to have high and stable values in the PSs; therefore, anomalous decreases may indicate that floodwater is present in an urban area. The stack of Sentinel-1 data has been divided into two subsets. The first one has been used as a calibration set to identify the PSs and determine, for each PS, reference values of the coherence and the spatial average of the exponential of the interferometric phase under standard non-flooded conditions. The other subset has been used for validation purposes. Flood maps produced by UNOSAT, analyzing very-high-resolution optical images of the floods that occurred in Beletweyne in April–May 2018, October–November 2019, and April–May 2020, have been used as reference data. In particular, the map of the April–May 2018 flood has been used for training purposes together with the subset of Sentinel-1 calibration data, whilst the other two maps have been used to validate the products generated by applying the proposed method. The main product is a binary map of flooded PSs that complements the floodwater map of rural/suburban areas produced by applying a well-consolidated algorithm based on intensity data. In addition, a flood severity map that labels the different districts of Beletweyne, as not, partially, or totally flooded has been generated to consolidate the validation. The results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

What Kind of People Use Carsharing for Commuting? Case Study in Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Ye ◽  
Daoge Wang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Commuting Mode ◽  
Study Offer

Carsharing as a service has been growing rapidly worldwide. Its expansion has drawn wide attention in the research community with regard to the underlying driving factors and user characteristics. Despite these extensive investigations, there are still limited studies focusing on the examination of users using carsharing as a commuting mode. The answers to questions such as what kind of people would like to use carsharing for commuting and why they frequently use carsharing to commute are not clear. To enrich our understanding of these problems, this paper aims to investigate carsharing commuters in a mega city. Specifically, it intends to integrate the actual user order data with survey data from 1,920 participants to uncover the characteristics of carsharing commuters. Data from the Evcard carsharing systems in Shanghai were explicitly analyzed. Through descriptive analysis and logistic regression models, the characteristics and critical factors that affect the choice of carsharing as a commuting mode were captured. The results show that: 1. carsharing commuters mostly live or work in suburban areas in which public transport accessibility is limited; 2. carsharing commuters are more likely to be highly educated, in a higher income bracket, and older than other carsharing members; 3. high-frequency carsharing commuters own a reduced number of private cars; and 4. those high-frequency carsharing commuters with higher income are less sensitive to the carsharing costs caused by congestion. The findings in the study offer some insights into carsharing commuters and provide some supportive information for considering policies in developing carsharing systems in urban areas.

scholarly journals Temporal–Spatial Patterns of Relative Humidity and the Urban Dryness Island Effect in Beijing City

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 2221-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Guoyu Ren ◽  
Wei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Beijing China

AbstractHourly datasets obtained by automatic weather stations in Beijing, China, are developed and employed to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of relative humidity (RH) and urban dryness island intensity (UDII) over built-up areas. A total of 36 stations inside the sixth ring road are considered as urban sites, while six stations in suburban belts surrounding the built-up areas are taken as reference sites. Results show that the RH is obviously smaller in urban areas than in suburban areas, indicating the effect of urbanization on near-surface atmospheric moisture and RH. A further analysis of relations between RH and temperature on varied time scales shows that the variations in RH in the urban areas are not due solely to changes in temperature. The annual and seasonal mean UDII are high in central urban areas, with the strongest UDII values occurring in autumn and the weakest values occurring in spring. The diurnal UDII variations are characterized by a steadily strong UDII stage from 2000 to 0800 LT and a minimum at 1500 or 1600 LT. The rapid shifts of UDII from high (low) to low (high) occur during the periods 0800–1600 LT (1600–2000 LT). The occurrence time of the peaks varies among different seasons: the peaks appear at 0700, 2100, 2000, and 0800 LT for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Further analysis shows that large UDII values appear in the evenings and early nights in late summer and early to midautumn and that low UDII values mainly occur in the afternoon hours of spring, winter, and late autumn.

scholarly journals Housing Resources and Needs in Light of Modern Urban Transformations: the Case of Poznan

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Sławomir Palicki
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Urban Transformations

Abstract Polish cities have been at the stage of a dynamic suburban development for over a decade (which has led to the phenomenon of urban sprawl beyond any control). The population of big urban areas, together with their agglomerations is continuously increasing; however, migration tendencies towards suburban areas are strong as well. In such a situation, the question arises regarding the possibilities and the methods of suppressing the outflow of people to the neighboring communities, and once again, making the city an attractive place to live. The attempt to explain such an issue requires research into both the housing infrastructure and its inhabitants. Poznan has been severely affected by suburbanization. The diagnosis and assessment of Poznan housing resources and the preferences of its inhabitants are the starting point for taking further steps in making the housing conditions more attractive. The article shows the initial results of widespread research regarding housing in the capital city of the Wielkopolska Province (comprising over 2,500 households). A similar study for the entire agglomeration (Poznan County) is due to be completed soon. It will allow for a comparative analysis and formulating recommendations regarding the conditions and the direction of changes on the real estate market which would increase the attractiveness of central cities suffering from suburbanization. In a wider context, the publication might be seen as an analysis of one of the elements of modern urban changes, such as either market driven, or free and spontaneous processes of urban sprawl, and conscious actions taken by local governments (together with developers) regarding the integrated urban revitalization policy.

scholarly journals Spatial development and transport accessibility in Wroclaw suburbs, for example Siechnice, Smolec and Długołęka

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Jaskólski ◽  
Mateusz Smolarski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Dynamic Growth

Suburbanization affects on spatial planning and transport policy in urban areas. The main theme of this report is to show how the transport network react to the chaotic and dynamic growth of suburban areas. Authors show spatial growth on three examples. The paper also tries to prove that with the growing trend toward suburbanization, more effective transportation systems must be developed to meet the needs of the low-density, suburban population. Authors refer to the process of suburbanization onexamples from Wroclaw and the surrounding locality.

ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE MEASURING AND COMPUTING COMPLEXES OF HEAT SUPPLY NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
A. M Petrov ◽  
A. N Popov
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
Analysis Computer ◽  
Large Data Analysis ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Supply Systems

In the presented article, the team of authors considers the existing methods and the main modern technical solutions that are currently implemented in different countries in the diagnosis of heat supply networks. There is a selection of the main directions in the development and design of heat supply networks, which have already been implemented or supported by scientific teams from different countries. Various methods and technical features of diagnostics are reviewed, strengths and weaknesses of the presented solutions are highlighted. The reviewed works were subjected to detailed analysis, which revealed the presence of a high interest of the scientific and industrial community in the integration and improvement of existing digital technologies in the development of heat supply systems, which would be closely related to forecasting and modeling processes in this industry. The team of authors highlights the main vectors for the development of this sector, citing an example of a significant increase in the degree of digitalization of final products, which makes it possible to use data analytics to obtain effective technical solutions regarding heat supply networks. Separately, the positive experience of different countries in this industry is noted when using neural networks not only in the design of heat supply networks, but also as a target industry as a whole. Assumptions are put forward about the need for a detailed analysis of the existing foreign and domestic experience, as well as scientific developments in this area, in order to determine the most suitable technical solutions on the territory of the Russian Federation, which will take into account the climatic characteristics of the country and be based on methods of large data analysis, computer vision and simulation. modeling.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Parks and Their Driving Forces in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Xuhui Wang ◽  
Kewei Liu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Average Size

Urban parks play a key role in recreational activities, public health, and ecosystem services in urban areas. Using GIS and Fragstats, this study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban parks in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015 and the corresponding driving forces. The results show that the number and area of parks in Xi'an increased constantly during this period, especially from 2000 to 2015. Up to 2015, small green spaces, usually adjacent to streets, occupied the largest proportion among all types of parks. Archaeological parks were the largest in total area, but wetland parks were leading in average size of a single park. The density of parks was negatively correlated with their distance to the Clock Tower at the center of Xi'an. The dynamics of urban parks in highly urbanized areas were significantly different from that of their counterparts in suburban areas. Driving forces such as urban planning, urbanization and green space policies, and milestone events in the city's development jointly had a great effect on the distribution of parks in Xi'an. The research outcomes will support the upcoming Green Space Planning of Xi'an and benefit the pursuit of sustainability and human wellbeing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document